共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Temporal and spatial distributions of contaminants in sediments of Santa Monica Bay,California 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Contaminant inputs from wastewater discharge, a major source of contamination to Santa Monica Bay (SMB), have declined drastically during the last three decades as a result of improved treatment processes and better source control. To assess the concomitant temporal changes in the SMB sediments, a study was initiated in June 1997, in which 25 box cores were collected using a stratified random sampling design. Five sediment strata corresponding to the time intervals of 1890-1920, 1932-1963, 1965-1979, 1979-1989, and 1989-1997 were identified using (210)Pb dating techniques. Samples from each stratum were analyzed for metals, 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and its metabolites (DDTs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and total organic carbon (TOC). Samples from the 1965-1979, 1979-1989, and 1989-1997 strata were also analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and linear alkylbenzenes (LABs). Sediment metal concentrations increased from 1890-1979 and were similar during the time intervals of 1965-1979, 1979-1989, and 1989-1997, although the mass emissions of trace metals from sewage inputs declined substantially during the same time period. Trace organic contamination in SMB was generally highest in sediments corresponding to deposition during the years of 1965-1979 or 1979-1989 and showed a decline in concentration in the 1989-1997 stratum. Temporal trends of contamination were greatest in sediments collected from areas near the Hyperion Treatment Plant (HTP) outfall system and on the slope of Redondo Canyon. The highest contaminant concentrations were present in sediments near the HTP 7-mile outfall in the 1965-1979 stratum. Elevated trace metal and organic concentrations were still present in the 1989-1997 stratum of most stations, suggesting that sediment contaminants have moved vertically in the sediment column since sludge discharges from the 7-mile outfall (a dominant source of contamination to the bay) ceased in 1987. The widespread distributions of DDTs and PCBs in SMB and highly confined distribution of LABs around the HTP outfall system were indicative of a dispersal mechanism remobilizing historically deposited contaminants to areas relatively remote from the point of discharge. 相似文献
2.
Although large loads of potentially toxic constituents are discharged from coastal urban watersheds, very little is known about the fates and eventual impacts of these stormwater inputs once they enter the ocean. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of stormwater discharges on the benthic marine environment of Santa Monica Bay. Sediment samples were collected across a gradient of stormwater impact following significantly sized storm events offshore Ballona Creek (a predominantly developed watershed) and Malibu Creek (a predominantly undeveloped watershed). Sediments offshore Malibu Creek had a greater proportion of fine-grained sediments, organic carbon, and naturally occurring metals (i.e., aluminum and iron), whereas sediments offshore Ballona Creek had higher concentrations of anthropogenic metals (i.e., lead) and organic pollutants (i.e., total DDT, total PCB, total PAH). The accumulation of anthropogenic sediment contaminants offshore Ballona Creek was evident up to 2 km downcoast and 4 km upcoast from the creek mouth and sediment concentrations covaried with distance from the discharge. Although changes in sediment texture, organic content, and an increase in sediment contamination were observed, there was little or no alteration to the benthic communities offshore either Ballona or Malibu Creek. Both sites were characterized as having an abundance, species richness, biodiversity and benthic response index similar to shallow water areas distant from creek mouths throughout the Southern California Bight. There was not a preponderance of pollution tolerant, nor a lack or pollution sensitive, species offshore either creek mouth. 相似文献
3.
《Marine environmental research》2010,70(5):350-362
Spatial distribution of selected contaminants in the surface sediments of Santa Monica Bay (SMB), California was investigated. Sediments were analyzed for DDTs (DDT and metabolites), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) and coprostanol. Effluent samples from the Hyperion Treatment Plant (HTP), which discharges treated municipal wastewater effluents into SMB, were also analyzed. The inter-correlation in the distribution trends of contaminants was examined. The concentrations of contaminants were interpolated in a geographic information system to visualize their spatial distribution in the Bay. Inventories of the contaminants were also estimated.The concentrations of coprostanol, LABs and PCBs are very high only in the vicinity of the sewage outfall whereas PAHs and DDTs occur widespread in the Bay. The poor correlation of DDTs with LABs, PAHs or coprostanol content confirms the historic origin of DDTs and their absence in the contemporary wastewaters. Moderate correlation of DDTs with PCBs implies historic deposits as a major origin of PCBs. There are hot spots of DDTs at water depths of 60 and 100 m and the inventory of DDTs in Bay sediments is insignificant compared to that estimated in the Palos Verdes Shelf which extends from the southern edge of Redondo Canyon around Palos Verdes Peninsula. The concentration of toxic contaminants was examined according to published sediment quality guidelines. About 20 stations contain p, p′-DDE and/or total DDTs above ERM and, PCBs between ERL and ERM indicating potential for adverse biological effects. 相似文献
4.
SUN Weiping YU Jianjun XU Xiaoqun ZHANG Weiyan LIU Ruijuan PAN Jianming 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(4):101-107
Heavy metals in the surface sediments and sediment core from the Xiangshan Bay, a mariculture base on the coast of the East China Sea, were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP–MS) in order to evaluate their levels and sources. The results showed that the levels of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cr in the sediments of the bay have been generally influenced by anthropogenic inputs since the founding of the People's Republic of China. In particular, Cu and Zn were polluted to some extent, as evidenced by high enrichment factors. Organic matter, grain size, wastewater discharge, and low energy hydrodynamic environment played dominant roles in the heavy metal enrichment in the sediments. The ratio of terrigenous source to marine biogenic deposit of trace metals in the sediments was calculated, revealing that terrigenous inputs were the main source of Cu, Pb, and Zn, while biological pellets contributed much more to the enrichment of Cr and Cd. Considering the influence of biological sources on the enrichment of Cd and Cr, and the fact that the sediment has been polluted by Cu and Zn, the development of mariculture and discharge of wastewater into the Bay should be restricted. 相似文献
5.
Peter J. Hanson David W. Evans David R. ColbyVincent S. Zdanowicz 《Marine environmental research》1993,36(4)
Sediment of variable mineralogical, textural and metal contaminant composition was collected from 38 estuaries along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts of the United States and analyzed for total Al, Ag, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Si, Sn, Tl and Zn concentrations. Based on observed covariation of elements at 15 estuaries remote from contaminant inputs, linear regressions of metals on Al were used to model the metal content in baseline sediments. A geochemical model for the covariation was developed, verified and used to guide the statistical modelling approach. Comparison of metal concentrations predicted by the models with those occurring in uncontaminated geological materials suggests that baseline relationships are valid for the entire region sampled. Using these baseline relationships, sediment metal concentrations can be partitioned into natural and anthropogenic fractions. Models improve the comparability of metal levels in sediments by correcting for variable background concentrations that, if left uncorrected, only serve to increase total data variability and reduce detection of spatial and temporal differences.Examples of the application of baseline models to pollution studies are provided. A continuing decline in Pb concentrations in Mississippi River delta sediments is observed consistent with the declining use of Pb additives in gasoline since 1970. Major spatial trends in contaminant metals in sediments along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts are noted. 相似文献
6.
The goal of this study was to assess the contamination of Honolua Bay using an ecotoxicological approach. First, the concentrations of 9 contaminants (metals and metalloid) were assessed in sediments and tropical marine organisms (alga Halimeda kanaloana, goatfish Parupeneus multifasciatus and urchin Tripneustes gratilla) sampled from Honolua and surrounding Bays. Then, the ecological parameters characterizing coral health (e.g. coral cover) were evaluated in Honolua Bay in the context of these contaminants. High concentrations of Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, and V in sediments from Honolua and Honokohau Bay were measured, but these concentrations were not mirrored in the organisms examined, except for Mn, suggesting that the metals are generally bound in chemically inert forms in these sediments. Moreover, few anthropogenic activities impact these bays and so the elevated Co, Cr, Mn, Ni and V concentrations in sediments appear to stem from their high natural background in Honolua and Honokohau watersheds. An analysis of the relationship between the ecological parameters and metal concentrations in Honolua Bay revealed a significant correlation between coral cover and Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, V, Zn concentrations in sediments, with coral cover decreasing with increasing metal concentration. Collectively, however, the data suggest that a complex mixture of land-based stressors (e.g. sediment, metals, nutrients) affect the coral health in Honolua Bay, rather than metal stress alone. 相似文献
7.
Minicores of seabottom sediments from typical coastal and estuarine areas of Greece (the Gulf of Elefsis and the estuaries of the Acheloos and Louros rivers), influenced in a widely varying degree by anthropogenic inputs, were analysed for trace metal content and measured for a series of magnetic properties (i.e., total magnetic susceptibility, frequency dependent susceptibility, isothermal remanent magnetization and demagnetization).Apparent linkages between trace metal content (total or in chemically leached fractions) and magnetic properties were found in cores from all areas. Variations in the relative importance of the non-leachable fraction of metals in the Elefsis Gulf sediments closely parallel changes in the percentage frequency dependent susceptibility, which can be considered as indicator of soil derived material.By combining chemical and magnetic data, very useful information was obtained on: (a) the origin (industrial) of the rapidly deposited sediments in the Gulf of Elefsis; (b) the deposition rate, which was estimated as 0.5 cm per annum; (c) the range and nature of the major natural particle assemblages present in the Acheloos and Louros estuaries; (d) the distinction between the assemblages deriving from the erosion of surface soils and from unweathered parent material; (e) the identification of particles acting as major trace metal carriers (viz. anthropogenic particulates and soil-derived clays).In general the results confirm that integrated trace metal—magnetic studies can provide valuable data on the origin, transport and sedimentation mechanisms of trace metals associated in various ways with particles in coastal and estuarine systems. New perspectives are briefly discussed. 相似文献
8.
Terry L. Wade Yousra Soliman Stephen T. Sweet Gary A. Wolff Bobby J. Presley 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2008,55(24-26):2585
The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and trace elements were determined for surface (top 2 cm) sediment samples collected during the deep Gulf of Mexico benthos (DGoMB) study .These elements and compounds are known to be toxic to organisms at high concentrations and may affect biological communities. There is no indication of major anthropogenic input of the elements Be, Co, Cr, Fe, Si, Tl, V, K, Mg, Ca, Sr and Zn, based on normalization to Al. The concentrations of these metals in the sediment are a function of the relative amounts of trace-metal-rich Mississippi River-derived silicate material and trace-metal-poor plankton-derived carbonate. This is not true for the elements Ba, Ni, Pb, Cd, As, Cu and Mn, whose concentrations show considerable scatter when normalized to Al and a general enrichment. On a normalized basis, Mn is enriched 5–10 fold, Cu and Ni 2–3 fold and Pb 2 fold over Mississippi River-derived material. These enrichments are likely the result of remobilization of metals from depths in the sediment column where reducing conditions exist. The Ba concentrations at selected sites are higher than those of average clay-rich sediments, but are typical of sediments from near oil well platforms in the northern Gulf of Mexico. In the case of Ba, it seems likely that the enrichments, as high as a factor of 10, are due to disposal of oil well drilling mud. The Ba-enriched samples are from the three shallowest water sites in the Mississippi Trough (sites MT1, 2 and 3) and from site C1 and WC5. All are in an area of intense petroleum exploration and development. PAH concentrations are also elevated at MT1, MT3 and C1. The total PAH concentration ranged from not detected (ND) to 1033 ng/g with a mean of 140 ng/g. Even at the sites most enriched in PAHs and trace elements, the concentrations are not at the levels expected to adversely affect the biota. However, these predicted non-effects are based on research using mostly near-shore estuarine species, not on the indigenous species at the sampling sites. 相似文献
9.
10.
Environmental status of Daya Bay surface sediments inferred from a sequential extraction technique 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Xuelu Gao Chen-Tung Arthur Chen Gang Wang Qinzhao Xue Cheng Tang Shaoyong Chen 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010,86(3):369-378
The chemical partitioning of 12 trace metals (Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sc, Sr, U, Zn) in 9 surface sediments from Daya Bay, northern South China Sea, was studied by a four-step sequential extraction technique to assess their environmental/pollution status. The studied metals take on different fraction composition patterns, and some of them show significant spatial variation especially for Cd. A majority of the studied metals can be considered immobile because of their high percentages in the residual fraction. It seems that the Daya Bay surface sediments have not yet been polluted by the studied heavy metals which are used as parameters to classify marine sediment quality, i.e., Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. For all metals except for Pb, the extent of anthropogenic influences on their total concentrations in the Daya Bay surface sediments is generally imperceptible. The metals’ potential risks to the environment were assessed, and the results showed that they have generally no risk or low risk except for Cd, Mn and Sr. 相似文献
11.
Takahiro Hosono Chih-Chieh Su Robert Delinom Yu Umezawa Tomoyo Toyota Shinji Kaneko Makoto Taniguchi 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011
The 210Pb geochronology, heavy metal concentrations (Zn, Cu, and Pb), and stable Pb isotope ratios (206Pb/207Pb) of three sediment cores collected from Jakarta Bay were analyzed to decipher the history of heavy metal contamination in the period 1900–2006. The chemical and isotopic analyses clearly suggest that anthropogenic metal accumulation in the sediments began in the 1920s and increased greatly from the 1970s until the end of the 1990s. From the end of the 1990s to 2006, accumulation rates were constant or decreased for Zn and Pb near the coastal industrialized area. Comparison of economic data and sociological information suggests that the decline in the concentrations of heavy metals could be attributed to the stricter environmental regulations which were enforced at the end of 1990s. However, metal contamination is currently still an important cause of concern in dealing with environmental preservation and protection in Jakarta Bay. 相似文献
12.
南澳岛是广东南澳县的主岛, 周边海域的环境保护被置于当地社会经济发展的重要位置。为此, 2004年 5月、7月选择以水产养殖为主的后江湾和白沙湾及以旅游为主的青澳湾作为研究对象, 对南澳岛海域重金属的 含量、分布、富集及污染状况进行了调查与评价。结果表明该海域重金属元素的平均含量为Cd: 0.19mg.kg-1, Cr: 26.86mg.kg-1, Cu: 20.71mg.kg-1, Ni: 22.78mg.kg-1, Pb: 35.67mg.kg-1, Zn: 79.48mg.kg-1, 低于近岸经济发达海域, 但高于受人类活动影响较小的外海; 在分布特征上表现为湾口高于湾内, 养殖区高于非养殖区的总趋势, 但在各海湾之间重金属含量并无显著差异, 表明南澳岛海域重金属主要来源于地表径流输入。该海域以城市污水中代表元素Cu (Cf = 2.75), Pb (Cf = 2.27)富集为主; 以海洋沉积物质量标准、沉积物质量基准和美国太平洋沿岸基线值评价, 南澳岛海域环境质量均处于健康状态, 但其潜在污染效应仍值得关注。 相似文献
13.
Peter H. Santschi Scott Nixon Michael Pilson Carlton Hunt 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1984,19(4):427-449
The accumulation of sediments, trace metals and hydrocarbons has been estimated from the analysis of the sediment from six coring sites in Narragansett Bay. Radionuclides (234Thxs, 210Pbxs, 239,240Pu) with known input functions and trace metals (Cu, Pb) were used. We estimate that 6·9 × 104 tons of sediments, 51–90 tons of Pb, 72–100 tons of Cu and 400–1000 tons of total hydrocarbons accumulate annually under present conditions in the bay. This represents 64–117% (Pb), 89–123% (Cu) and 23–58% (hydrocarbons), respectively, of present day inputs to the bay. Furthermore, close to 100% of the particle-reactive radionuclides 210Pb and 239,240Pu accumulate in the bay. Present day inputs to the bay were calculated independently as 77–80 tons Pb and 81 tons of Cu. Sewage effluents were the dominant source of Cu, whereas atmospheric deposition and urban runoff were most important for Pb. Dredging activities by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers between 1946 and 1971 removed more sediments from the bay than would have accumulated during the same time in the undredged areas of the bay. Copper smelting and coal mining on the shores of the upper bay during 1866–1880 left an imprint in the sediments which is still evident. Model derived accumulation rates of Pb, Cu and coal during that time were 3–4 times present-day inputs. 相似文献
14.
Sediment contamination and toxicity were monitored at 14 sites in San Francisco Bay between 1991 and 1996. Sediment contamination patterns were different in the major reaches of the Bay, and at each site. Several contaminants were consistently above concentrations previously associated with toxicity at most sites. Bulk sediment bioassays using the amphipod Eohaustorius estuarius and sediment elutriate bioassays using larval bivalves (Mytilus spp., Crassostrea gigas) also indicated different patterns of sediment toxicity in space and time. Sediments were most toxic to the amphipods at Redwood Creek (90% of the tests), and were toxic in at least half the tests conducted at five other sites. Sediment elutriates severely reduced normal bivalve larval development at the San Joaquin and Sacramento Rivers in all samples, but toxicity occurred in less than a third of the tests in the Central and South Bays. Toxicity could not be statistically related to seasonal freshwater flow or rainfall in the Bay, but seasonal variation in contaminant concentrations and toxicity was observed. Amphipod toxicity was inversely and significantly related to the mean effects range-median quotient, suggesting that cumulative concentrations of several contaminants were related to toxicity. Further analysis identified suites of specific contaminants at each site that were variably related to amphipod toxicity at each site. Chlordanes, cadmium, and silver were significantly related to amphipod survival in the North Bay. Seasonal patterns in low, and high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were related to toxicity at Alameda, and metals and PAHs were related to toxicity at Castro Cove. Larval bivalve toxicity was associated with metals in bulk sediments, but elutriate chemistry was not measured, and relationships with toxicity could not be examined. Hypotheses about effective concentrations of several individual contaminants and mixtures of contaminants were posed. 相似文献
15.
Surface sediments from the Saronikos Gulf were analyzed for their aliphatic hydrocarbon (AHC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The concentrations of Fe, Cr, As, Sb, Co and Sc were also determined by neutron activation analysis (NAA). The survey was performed at the beginning of the operation of Athens’ sewage primary treatment unit and the results can be used to monitor the unit's long-term effects in the area. The composition of aliphatic hydrocarbons indicated a chronic oil-pollution in the Saronikos Gulf sediments. The industrially impacted Elefsis Bay sediments suffered from heavy petroleum pollution, while the sediments near the sewage outfall had a moderate degree of pollution. Mixed source patterns of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with dominant pyrolytic inputs have been identified in the sediments. Total concentrations of Fe, As and Sb along with their Sc normalized values presented elevated values in Elefsis Bay sediments. Chromium was found enriched in the sediments near the Athens sewage outfall. Factor analysis results showed that a part of As and Sb in Elefsis Bay sediments could be associated with organic or sulphidic phases. In addition, the lithogenic fraction of the sediments and the Fe oxides/hydroxides were important trace element carriers. Chromium and PAH inputs from the sewage outfall were also detected. Comparison of PAH and trace element concentrations with internationally-used sediment quality guidelines (SQG) revealed that Elefsis Bay sediments had the greatest potential of causing adverse effects in benthic organisms. 相似文献
16.
The comparison of spatial and temporal distribution of Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn and Fe concentrations in sediments from the Gulf of Riga and open Baltic Sea along the coastal zone is presented for the first time. There were considerable differences in Pb, Zn, Mn and Fe levels in sediment at various stations of the Gulf of Riga. A significant difference of Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn levels was found in sediments of various stations in the open Baltic coast. The amount of Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn and Fe levels also differed significantly in the sediments of the Gulf of Riga in different years. A considerable yearly difference in amount of Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Mn levels was found in sediments in the open Baltic coast. The essential highest values of Pb and Zn in coastal sediments of the open Baltic Sea are stated in comparison with the Gulf of Riga. The concentrations of other metals have only a tendency to be higher in coastal sediments of the open Baltic Sea in comparison with the Gulf of Riga. Natural and anthropogenic factors were proved to play an important role in determining resultant metals concentrations in the regions. 相似文献
17.
《Marine Chemistry》2001,73(3-4):215-231
In-situ benthic flux studies were conducted at three stations in Upper Galveston Bay twice during March 1996 to directly measure release rates of dissolved Mn, Fe, Ni and Zn from the sediments. Results showed reproducible increases with time in both replicate light and light–dark benthic chambers, resulting in average fluxes of −1200±780, −17±12, −1.6±0.6 and −2.4±0.79 μmol m−2 day−1 for Mn, Fe, Ni and Zn, respectively. Sediment cores collected during 1994–1996 showed that surficial pore water concentrations were elevated compared to overlying water column concentrations, suggesting diffusive release from the sediments. Diffusive flux estimates of Mn and Zn agreed in direction with chamber fluxes measured on the same date, but only accounted for 5–38% of the measured flux. Diffusive fluxes of Fe agreed with measured fluxes at the near Trinity River station but overestimated actual release in the mid and outer Trinity Bay regions, possibly due to inaccurate determination of the Fe pore water gradients or rapid oxidation processes in the overlying water at these stations.In general, measured fluxes of Mn and Ni were higher in the mid Trinity Bay region and suggested a mechanism for the elevated trace metal concentrations previously reported for this region of Galveston Bay. However, the fluxes of Fe were highest in close proximity to the Trinity River, supporting the elevated Fe concentrations measured in this region during this and other studies, and decreased towards middle and outer Trinity Bay. Trace metal turnover times were between 0.1 and 1.2 days for Mn, between 1.3 and 4.6 days for Fe, and between 27 and 100 days for Ni and 12–20 days Zn, and were considerably shorter than the average Trinity Bay water residence time (1.5 years) for this period. Comparing area averaged benthic inputs to Trinity River inputs shows the sediments to be a significant source of trace metals to Galveston Bay. However, while benthic inputs of trace metals were measured, water column concentrations remained low despite rapid turnover times for Mn and Fe, suggesting removal of these metals from the water column after release from the sediments. 相似文献
18.
由于含有DDT的防污漆和林丹曾在我国使用，一些渔港`DDTs和HCHs的残留严重，湛江湾作为我国南方重要的渔港和养殖地区相关研究较少。为评估湛江湾HCHs和DDTs的残留状况和来源，本研究调查分析了湛江湾11个陆源入海排污口沉积物中HCHs和DDTs的含量、空间分布和来源。自1980s以来，研究区域HCHs的残留量明显下降，但DDTs含量变化较小，甚至在一些站位出现较高值。HCHs和DDTs组成和特征比值显示HCHs可能来自湛江湾周围土壤中残留的HCHs和近期少量的输入，DDTs可能来自工业DDTs的历史残留和含有DDTs的防污漆。根据沉积物质量指导，DDTs对海洋环境具有一定生态风险，可能对海洋生物体产生危害。本研究表明林丹和含有DDT的防污漆在湛江可能还有使用，相关部门应该加强控制管理，以及对现有污染区域的治理。 相似文献
19.
根据2000—2007年深圳近海海域表层沉积物的基础监测资料, 采用地累积指数和潜在生态危害指数两种评价方法, 对该区域沉积物中重金属的污染状况进行了分析和研究。结果表明, 深圳近海海域沉积环境在一定程度上已受到了重金属的污染, 除固戍近海外, 大部分海域基本上为II类沉积物, 其污染程度大小顺序为: 固戍近海＞深圳湾中＞深圳湾口＞沙头角湾口。其中沉积物中Cu和Zn超标严重, 固戍近海沉积物中Cu和Zn平均含量分别为128.96mg.kg-1和199.40mg.kg-1, 为III类沉积物。研究还表明, 深圳近海海域基本上不存在重金属潜在的生态危害, 7种重金属潜在的生态危害大小顺序为: Hg＞Cd＞Cu＞As＞Pb＞Cr＞Zn。 相似文献
20.
Sang Hee Hong Gi Myung Han Un Hyuk Yim Dhong-il Lim Sung Yong Ha Nam Sook Kim Won Joon Shim 《Ocean Science Journal》2014,49(3):265-278
The assessment of sediment quality by considering chemical contaminants is required for the effective management of coastal environments. In this study, complex data sets of heavy metals and organic pollutants were integrated to evaluate sediment quality. Thirty-two target pollutants were quantitatively determined in surface sediments from 80 stations in Jinhae Bay, South Korea. A sediment quality index (SQI) was derived by combining the functions of “scope” (the number of variables that do not meet guideline objectives) and “amplitude” (the magnitude by which these variables exceed the guideline objective). The SQI reflects the spatial gradient and differences in the contamination status with regard to heavy metals and organic pollutants in Jinhae Bay. Fifty-nine out of eighty stations surveyed (74%) were classified as being in “excellent” or “good” condition according to the SQI, and no stations were in a “poor” condition. The mean sediment quality guideline quotient (mSGQq) ranged from 0.06 to 0.31 (from nontoxic to marginally toxic). Acute sediment toxicity leading to amphipod mortality was recorded at 17 stations (21%) of the 80 surveyed, where the mortality rate was slightly over 20%. No significant relationship was observed between sediment toxicity and the concentration of each toxicant or mSQGq. 相似文献