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为科学开发利用海洋资源和促进粤港澳大湾区的可持续发展,文章通过目视解译遥感影像提取该区域的海岸线信息,分析海岸线的变迁强度、分形维数和自然岸线保有率的变化以及海岸线变迁的驱动力。研究结果表明：1991—2018年粤港澳大湾区海岸线的时空变迁特征明显,总体呈向外扩张的趋势;海岸线长度增长155.76 km,总体变迁强度为0.43%,陆域扩张面积达482.68 km2;海岸线平均分形维数为 1.14,呈持续上升的趋势,但变化速率逐渐减缓;自然岸线保有率总体呈下降趋势,总下降幅度为24.05%,各城市呈较大差异但存在规律,可分4个类型分析海岸线变迁的驱动力;人为因素是粤港澳大湾区海岸线变迁的主要驱动因素,促使海岸线变迁的方向和速率产生巨大变化。 相似文献
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基于遥感和GIS技术,以2000年、2005年、2010年LandsatTM数据和2014年Landsat OLI数据共4期的遥感影像为数据源,完成了对大连市海岸线变迁及围填海区域演变信息的提取,分析了大连市围填海区域的动态演化特征,并探讨了围填海区域变化的驱动因素。研究表明:2000—2014年,大连市海岸线长度以及围填海面积逐年增加,2005年以后进入快速增长时期,但增速呈由快变慢的趋势;围填海活动主要集中在瓦房店和市辖区岸段;人工岸线增加,岸线年均长度变化强度由大到小依次为普兰店岸段、庄河岸段、瓦房店岸段、市辖区岸段;从驱动因素上看,围填海面积变化是主要是社会经济因素作用的结果,与养殖业、工业以及港口物流业的发展密切相关。 相似文献
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《海洋湖沼通报》2015,(3)
本文基于1993、2006、2013年遥感影像提取渤海大陆海岸线,分析了渤海海岸线和围填海的时空演变。研究表明:20a间渤海大陆海岸线长度共增加611.81km,形成陆地1888.30km2,1993-2006年影响渤海岸线变迁的主要因素为滩涂围垦,2006年以后填海造地工程对岸线变迁的影响加剧并成为主要因素;天津大港岸段、河北滦南县-唐海县岸段的岸线开发几近饱和,几乎不具备继续围填海的潜力,建议对已成陆区采取优化开发策略;天津塘沽、山东寿光、辽宁大洼岸段围填海强度较大,继续围填海的潜力很小,建议严格控制新增围填海规模,加强对已成陆区的集约利用,以提高利用效率。 相似文献
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我国海湾地区高强度开发使得围填海活动频繁、岸线变化显著,分析岸线与围填海的时空动态特征以及互动关系对湾区的发展具有重要意义。运用分形维数、岸线开发利用程度指数和土地利用程度指数等方法,研究了厦门市马銮湾1957—2019年海岸线变迁和围填海的时空演变特征以及互动关系。结果表明:(1)1957—2019年马銮湾大陆岸线长度减幅达43.0%,其中自然岸线减少了83.4%;岸线长度总体先减后增,岸线分形维数波动变化,岸线主体类型经历了从自然岸线向养殖岸线再到建设岸线、围而未用岸线逐步变迁的过程;岸线开发利用程度指数从0.27上升到0.79,并在1997年后呈现出显著的空间分异特征。(2)1957—2019年,马銮湾总围填海面积为2 187.39hm2,其中1957—1972年围填速率最大(83.57 hm2/a);围填海主要利用类型从耕地向养殖池再到建设用地和未利用地逐步演变,总围填海区土地利用程度指数从0.25增加到0.76。(3)岸线长度、分形维数受围填海面积、海岸形状、围填海方式等因素共同作用,同时岸线对围填海活动具有约束作用。岸线长度、自然岸线长度与围填海面积成显著负相关,大陆人工岸线长度、岸线利用程度与围填海面积成显著正相关,岸线分形维数与围填海面积无显著相关。本研究可为海湾地区岸线资源的合理利用和围填海管理提供借鉴。 相似文献
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以 1990、2000、2005、2010、2014、2017 年遥感影像为数据源，采用人机交互的方式提取杭州湾各时期大陆岸线。通过对岸线长度和类型、岸线变化速率，以及岸线变化区域类型的变化情况统计，综合分析杭州湾大陆岸线时空变迁规律。研究表明，20 世纪 90 年代以来，杭州湾大陆岸线整体向海一侧推进，自然岸线保有率持续下降。围填海等工程建设是导致岸线变化的主要因素，加强对围填海工程的管控和海岸线保护与利用管理，可以进一步优化资源配置，促使科学合理的海岸带格局的形成。 相似文献
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文章选取了1970-2018年近50年间具有代表性的6期Landsat、SPOT-5和GF-1卫星遥感影像,运用数字岸线分析系统,综合利用面积法、基线法等分析浙江省大陆岸线变迁,对岸线变化驱动力进行了分析。结果显示：（1）海岸线变化主要发生在杭州湾、象山港、三门湾、台州湾、乐清湾和瓯江口岸段,海岸线向海推进共围填海约14.77万hm2,海岸线的平均变化率为26.72m/a。（2）近50年来,浙江省大陆岸线呈明显递减趋势,海岸线减少了184.27 km,自然岸线减少了381.37 km,人工岸线增加了197.10 km。（3）浙江省大陆海岸线以人工岸线为主,人工岸线截弯取直,平直化严重,自然岸线保有量逐年降低。（4）围海养殖、围填海等人类活动是浙江省大陆海岸线变迁的主要驱动力因素。 相似文献
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海岛是海洋资源开发利用价值的核心内容之一。为合理保护及开发利用粤港澳大湾区海岛资源,促进海岛产业布局优化,从海岛资源空间分布角度出发,探析海岛在粤港澳大湾区发展中重点平台的作用。以粤港澳大湾区纳入中国海域海岛标准名录的850个海岛为研究对象,在对其地理坐标、陆域面积等基础数据进行数理统计的基础上,通过ArcGIS软件平台,采用最邻近距离法、核密度估计法、洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数方法,对粤港澳大湾区海岛的空间分布特征进行了分析与研究。结果表明:粤港澳大湾区海岛在空间上趋于集聚分布,呈现总体带状分布,局部组团分布的特点,形成了湾区西部海岛分布带和大鹏湾-大亚湾区、九州列岛区、万山-佳蓬担杆列岛区、川山群岛区4个明显的集聚区;粤港澳大湾区海岛以沿岸岛为主,面积分布呈现不均衡性的特点,基尼系数达0.58。 相似文献
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海岛是重要的国土资源,在维护国家海洋权益和海洋安全中有举足轻重的地位。文章利用高分辨率的遥感数据(SPOT5、SPOT6)以及海图、地形图等辅助数据,结合实地野外验证,分别获取了1970年、2005年、2009年和2013年长岛南五岛的岸线数据。结果表明:1970年以来,长岛南五岛岸线发生了明显的变迁,岸线变迁形式与海岸地貌类型和人类围填海活动密切相关:基岩海岸的岸段表现为缓慢侵蚀;砂砾质海岸表现为缓慢侵蚀或淤积;人工围填海岸段表现为岸线向海快速淤进,而人工固定海岸(如环岛公路、码头)等岸线则表现为稳定。 相似文献
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以Landsat MSS、TM、ETM+影像和HJ-1A CCD1影像为数据源,对海州湾大陆海岸线1973-2013年的变迁进行了连续监测,定量获取了海岸线信息,解译了岸线摆动区内土地利用类型,对近40 a来海州湾大陆海岸线时空变化和海岸开发方式进行了系统分析.结果表明:海州湾岸线长度及类型动态变化显著,岸线长度整体增加,海湾面积不断减少,岸线类型以人工岸线为主;岸线整体向海推进导致陆域面积净增65.54 km2,变迁速率时空分布不均,变迁主要发生在岚山港、绣针河口至柘汪河口、兴庄河口至西墅、连云港港岸段,城镇扩张导致20t0-2013年变迁最为剧烈,速率达122.9m/a;海岸人为开发是海州湾岸线变化的主导因素,且开发方式时间异质性显著,早期以盐业、养殖业为主,20世纪80年代开始港口码头建设比例显著增加,进入新世纪以来,用于城镇建设的围填海规模大幅增长,尤其是2010年之后已成为海州湾地区海岸开发的首要方式. 相似文献
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海岸线动态变化是全球变化和人类活动共同的反映。本文基于粤港澳大湾区、东京湾和旧金山湾1980—2020年7期Landsat系列遥感影像及Google Earth高分辨率影像, 利用阈值分割, 结合水体指数法、Sobel算子法, 提取各期海岸线。从长度、空间形态、结构和利用程度等多角度分析其岸线变化, 并结合地理探测器对其影响因素进行定性和定量分析。结果显示: 1) 1980—2020年间, 各湾区岸线趋于平直, 其中东京湾海岸线的年均长度变化强度最大, 为0.37%; 2) 40a间各湾区岸线的纵深变化比较稳定, 结构趋于复杂, 形态趋于分散, 其中粤港澳大湾区海岸线的分维差异最小, 形态最分散; 3) 40a间, 各湾区的自然岸线减少, 港口码头岸线和其他人工岸线长度剧烈增长, 其中粤港澳大湾区的生物岸线波动增长, 岸线利用程度指数增幅最大。本文研究结果表明, 气温、波高、潮汐和陆域面积、港口吞吐量是湾区海岸线变化的主要影响因素, 且任意两个影响因素的交互作用大于单一因素的作用。 相似文献
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为充分发挥粤港澳大湾区港口的竞争优势,促进港口经济的协调发展,文章基于粤港澳大湾区主要港口的实际情况,构建供应链博弈模型并进行数值仿真,研究相关因素对深圳港和香港港绩效的影响。研究结果表明:随着商品价格和库存成本的提高,货物从深圳港向香港港转移,但转移幅度逐渐趋缓;深圳港在中低端商品的货源收集方面具有明显的竞争优势,而香港港对高端商品的吸引力更强;货运结构逐渐向中高端商品过渡对于提高港口收益具有促进作用,其中深圳港应通过降低商品库存成本而降低经营风险;深中通道和港珠澳大桥通车有效缩短腹地运输时间,对于绝大部分商品价格和库存成本组合都将提高粤港澳大湾区港口的总收益。 相似文献
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为定量评估多元环境因子对红树林分布的影响,探索区域红树林生境适宜性和修复潜力的空间分布格局,本研究应用最大熵模型评估厦门湾红树林生境适宜性,叠加土地利用/覆被数据分析红树林修复潜力。结果表明,在生物气候、地形、水质、沉积物、水文等5组环境变量中,影响厦门湾研究区内红树林分布的主要环境变量类型为温度、地形和水质。在单项环境因子中,离岸线距离、营养盐浓度、盐度等对厦门湾红树林生境适宜性的贡献度最大。适宜性和修复潜力较高的区域主要分布于九龙江河口、翔安下潭尾、海沧东屿等区域。与现存红树林的分布相对照,理论上还有约406.4 hm^2的高修复潜力区和1001.2 hm^2的中修复潜力区可考虑用于未来红树林修复。现有的保护区和修复工程已基本覆盖了上述大部分区域,未来厦门湾内的红树林修复选址可考虑泉州市安海湾沿岸、龙海市九龙江河口、漳州港沿岸和附近岛屿。本研究尝试采用新兴模型方法判断红树林的综合适生条件,并实现空间化、定量化的评估,其结果可为红树林修复选址提供重要的科学依据,并为区域红树林保护与修复管理提供决策支持。 相似文献
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Yeqiao Wang Gregory Bonynge Jarunee Nugranad Michael Traber Amani Ngusaru James Tobey Lynne Hale Robert Bowen Vedast Makota 《Marine Geodesy》2003,26(1):35-48
This article contributes to the understanding of the changes in distribution and total area of mangrove forests along the mainland Tanzania coast over the past decade. Mangroves are recognized as critical coastal habitat requiring protection and special attention. The Tanzania coastline forms a suitable habitat for establishment of mangrove forests. Mangrove forests are distributed from Tanga in the north to Mtwara in the south covering approximately 109,593 hectares from 1988-1990 and about 108,138 hectares in 2000. The largest continuous mangrove stands are found in the districts of Rufiji, Kilwa, Tanga-Muheza, and Mtwara. Comparison of data between these two time periods shows that the geographic coverage of mangroves has no dramatic change in the past decade. The Tanzania Mangrove Management Project and other closely related programs and efforts pertaining to mangrove conservation contribute to direct restoration and natural regeneration of mangroves. This study documents the changes of mangroves and demonstrates that remote sensing and GIS offer important data and tools in the advancement of coastal resource management and ecosystem monitoring. Application of geographic information technologies is critical for improved coastal resources management and decision making for sustainable development in Tanzania. 相似文献
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Remote Sensing of Mangrove Change Along the Tanzania Coast 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Yeqiao Wang Gregory Bonynge Jarunee Nugranad Michael Traber Amani Ngusaru James Tobey 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1-2):35-48
This article contributes to the understanding of the changes in distribution and total area of mangrove forests along the mainland Tanzania coast over the past decade. Mangroves are recognized as critical coastal habitat requiring protection and special attention. The Tanzania coastline forms a suitable habitat for establishment of mangrove forests. Mangrove forests are distributed from Tanga in the north to Mtwara in the south covering approximately 109,593 hectares from 1988-1990 and about 108,138 hectares in 2000. The largest continuous mangrove stands are found in the districts of Rufiji, Kilwa, Tanga-Muheza, and Mtwara. Comparison of data between these two time periods shows that the geographic coverage of mangroves has no dramatic change in the past decade. The Tanzania Mangrove Management Project and other closely related programs and efforts pertaining to mangrove conservation contribute to direct restoration and natural regeneration of mangroves. This study documents the changes of mangroves and demonstrates that remote sensing and GIS offer important data and tools in the advancement of coastal resource management and ecosystem monitoring. Application of geographic information technologies is critical for improved coastal resources management and decision making for sustainable development in Tanzania. 相似文献
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Mangrove forests: Resilience,protection from tsunamis,and responses to global climate change 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This review assesses the degree of resilience of mangrove forests to large, infrequent disturbance (tsunamis) and their role in coastal protection, and to chronic disturbance events (climate change) and the future of mangroves in the face of global change. From a geological perspective, mangroves come and go at considerable speed with the current distribution of forests a legacy of the Holocene, having undergone almost chronic disturbance as a result of fluctuations in sea-level. Mangroves have demonstrated considerable resilience over timescales commensurate with shoreline evolution. This notion is supported by evidence that soil accretion rates in mangrove forests are currently keeping pace with mean sea-level rise. Further support for their resilience comes from patterns of recovery from natural disturbances (storms, hurricanes) which coupled with key life history traits, suggest pioneer-phase characteristics. Stand composition and forest structure are the result of a complex interplay of physiological tolerances and competitive interactions leading to a mosaic of interrupted or arrested succession sequences, in response to physical/chemical gradients and landform changes. The extent to which some or all of these factors come into play depends on the frequency, intensity, size, and duration of the disturbance. Mangroves may in certain circumstances offer limited protection from tsunamis; some models using realistic forest variables suggest significant reduction in tsunami wave flow pressure for forests at least 100 m in width. The magnitude of energy absorption strongly depends on tree density, stem and root diameter, shore slope, bathymetry, spectral characteristics of incident waves, and tidal stage upon entering the forest. The ultimate disturbance, climate change, may lead to a maximum global loss of 10–15% of mangrove forest, but must be considered of secondary importance compared with current average annual rates of 1–2% deforestation. A large reservoir of below-ground nutrients, rapid rates of nutrient flux and microbial decomposition, complex and highly efficient biotic controls, self-design and redundancy of keystone species, and numerous feedbacks, all contribute to mangrove resilience to various types of disturbance. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2016
Globally, coastal aquaculture particularly shrimp farming has been under huge criticism because of its environmental impacts including devastating effects on mangrove forests. However, mangroves are ecologically and economically important forests, and the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics that provide a wide range of ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation. Carbon emissions are likely to have been the dominant cause of climate change and blue carbon emissions are being critically augmented through mangrove deforestation. Because of mangrove deforestation, different climatic variables including coastal flooding, cyclone, drought, rainfall, salinity, sea-level rise, and sea surface temperature have dramatic effects on coastal aquaculture. Mangrove forests have been instrumental in augmenting resilience to climate change. The “Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD)” program can help to restore mangroves which in turn increases options for adaptation to climate change. However, technical and financial assistance with institutional support are needed to implement REDD+. 相似文献
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Impact Analysis of Coastal Engineering Projects on Mangrove Wetland Area Change with Remote Sensing 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In the past decades, two large scale coastal engineering projects have been carried out in the Deep Bay surrounded by Shenzhen City and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. One project is Shenzhen River channel regulation and the other is the sea reclamation along the seashore on the Shenzhen side. The two projects are very close to the two national nature reserves, specifically Futian in Shenzhen and Mai Po in Hong Kong, which are important wetland ecosystems worldwide. This paper aims to identify and monitor the mangrove wetland changes with time series of Landsat Thematic Mapper images pre and post to the two engineering projects being launched. Coupled analysis of the image interpretation results and tidal data acquired at the same time in the context of the two works reveals that the mangrove wetland area has increased from year 1989 to 1994, and has changed little from year 1994 to 2002. Binary coding is applied to reveal the distribution image of mangrove at each phase, and the coding image shows that the construction of the two coastal engineering projects has caused frequent changes in mangrove spatial distribution. The study also shows that the change is not significant regarding to the precision of the method and the natural evolution of mangrove wetland, and the projects do not cause apparently influences upon the two national mangrove conservation zones at least for the research time period. 相似文献