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1.
近40 a 来三门湾海岸线时空变化遥感监测与分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
了解岸线的变化对海岸开发利用有重要意义。本文以Landsat MSS、TM、ETM+、OLI影像为主要数据源,采用人机交互的方式提取1973~2013年的4期三门湾大陆岸线,获取岸线长度以及陆域变化面积等信息,并以县级市(象山县、宁海县、三门县)为单位分段分析岸线时空变化特征。在此基础上,结合研究区新增土地利用类型的解译结果,对三门湾地区海岸开发方式进行系统分析。结果表明:1973~2013年三门湾岸线总体向海推进,总长度减少40.18 km,沿岸陆域面积增加155.89 km2,其中2000~2013年岸线向海扩张最为显著,近40 a来,在沿海三县中,宁海县岸段岸线变迁最为剧烈;海岸人为开发是岸线变化的主导因素,且开发方式时间异质性显著:早期以围垦造田、堵港蓄淡为主,20世纪80年代后期至20世纪末,偏重围垦养殖,进入21世纪,开发规模大幅增长,围垦造田和养殖依然是海岸开发的主要方式,同时城镇、工业建设等围填海规模迅增,港口码头建设也加快了步伐,海岸开发方式呈现多样化。 相似文献
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监测和了解海岸线的动态变化对海岸带防护、海岸资源的合理开发和利用具有重要意义。本文以Landsat TM/OLI影像为数据源,通过Canny边缘检测算子提取1990年、2000年、2010年和2015年的海南岛海岸线,获取岸线长度以及陆地面积变化等信息,分析了海南岛25 a年来的海岸线时空变化特征。结果表明:1990—2015年海南岛海岸线总长度增加33.58 km,海岸线总体向海推进,沿岸陆地面积呈增加的趋势;岸线变迁主要集中在北岸和东岸,人工岸线长度增长显著,淤泥质岸线等自然岸线长度减少;海岸线变化主要受人为因素影响,海岸开发方式呈现出多样化,以围垦养殖、城镇建设和港口码头建设为主。 相似文献
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1984～2012年海州湾海岸线时空演变研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
以Landsat影像为数据源, 通过改进归一化水体指数、二值化、潮位校正模型提取海岸线, 使用数字海岸线分析系统(Digital Shoreline Analysis System, DSAS), 对1984～2012年海州湾海岸线的时空演变进行了研究。结果表明, 1984～2012年间海州湾海岸线整体以4.29 m/a向海洋推进, 其中, 48%的海岸出现侵蚀, 侵蚀速率为22.83 m/a, 侵蚀现象主要出现在大堤修建前的部分粉砂淤泥质海岸。52%的海岸出现淤积, 淤积速率为25.90 m/a, 淤积现象主要出现在人工海岸、河口海岸和受大堤影响的粉砂淤泥质海岸。海岸线时空演变研究有利于科学地规划、开发和管理海洋及其沿岸空间资源, 并保证其环境及经济的可持续发展。 相似文献
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海岸人工地貌建设是沿海国家开发利用海岸带资源的重要方式,海岸人工岸线的形成改变了自然岸线的格局,并影响着岸线的自然演替规律。基于1990,2000和2010年3期TM遥感影像,提取不同时相的浙江省大陆海岸线信息,对浙江大陆海岸线类型构成及人工岸线建设对岸线格局的影响进行了分析。结果表明:(1)受人类开发活动的影响,近20 a来浙江大陆海岸格局以人工岸线不断增长为特征;(2)不同岸段的人工岸线增长速度有明显差异,以杭州湾、三门湾及台州湾沿岸岸线变化最为显著;(3)20 a间,浙江大陆岸线整体向海推进趋势明显,仅少数岸线发生了海岸蚀退;(4)人工岸线的建设通过对自然岸线的截弯取直,缩短了自然岸线的长度,降低了自然岸线的曲折度,却使浙江省大陆海岸线的多样性指数不断增加。 相似文献
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利用湛江东北海岸近30a6期LandSatTM/OLI遥感影像,基于人机交互方式获取海岸线空间信息,综合运用端点变率(EndPointRate,EPR)、线性回归变率(LinearRegressionRate,LRR)、岸线类型结构等多种方法或指标对湛江东北海岸线时空变迁及主要驱动因素进行了深入分析。结果表明:近30a湛江东北大陆海岸线长度共增长约27.56km,岛屿海岸线长度共增长约15.44km,海岸线类型较多,自然海岸线锐减,利用类型构成趋于复杂,且更多地受到了人类活动干扰;海岸线变迁方向整体以向海扩张为主,其中大陆海岸线的平均 LRR和 EPR 为4.18m/a和4.12m/a,最高 LRR达94.26m/a;岛屿海岸线的平均 LRR和 EPR为2.24m/a和3.79m/a,最高 LRR 达66.44m/a。海岸线摆动剧烈区域主要集中于受围填海工程等人类工程活动影响较为显著的岸段。人类活动已成为湛江东北海岸线变迁的主导因素。 相似文献
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中国大陆海岸线近30 a的时空变化分析 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3
基于遥感和地理信息系统的方法与技术,以1980、1990、2000和2010年4个时期为特征年,对近30年来我国大陆海岸线时空变化特征进行了分析研究。结果显示:（1）海岸类型转化显著,人工岸线所占比例由1980年的24.6%上升到2010年的56.1%;（2）海岸线变化呈现显著区域特征,变化较剧烈的区域集中在珠江口岸段、长江口-杭州湾岸段、海州湾-吕四段、滦河口-潍河口段及辽河口-葫芦岛港段;（3）3个时期相比,海岸开发由早期的围垦养殖向后期的城镇建设和海洋运输开发方式转变,并且这种转换方式在南方早于北方。 相似文献
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基于数字岸线分析系统的海岸线时空变化速率分析——以海州湾为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文选取1985?2018年间具有代表性的6期Landsat遥感影像，运用数字海岸线分析系统，综合利用面积法和基线法定量分析海州湾的岸线变迁，并进行岸线分类和驱动力分析。结果表明，30多年来海州湾岸线整体呈持续向海推进的态势，增长岸线比例总体处于不断增加的趋势，除了2005?2009年发生短暂的减小；1985?2018年，岸线长度增加了10.40 km，陆域面积增加了52.84 km2；海州湾岸线以人工岸线为主，且比重日渐增大，从1985年的47.90%到2018年的70.88%，前中期的沿海围垦养殖及后期的围海造陆是海岸线变迁的主要驱动力；其终点变化速率为26.09 m/a，净海岸线变化为155.12 m，记录增加总横断面在各个时期均大于50%，岸线变迁最剧烈的区域为新沭河?高公岛段，陆域增长点在于赣榆新城、连云新城建设和连云港港口建设。 相似文献
10.
以 1990、2000、2005、2010、2014、2017 年遥感影像为数据源，采用人机交互的方式提取杭州湾各时期大陆岸线。通过对岸线长度和类型、岸线变化速率，以及岸线变化区域类型的变化情况统计，综合分析杭州湾大陆岸线时空变迁规律。研究表明，20 世纪 90 年代以来，杭州湾大陆岸线整体向海一侧推进，自然岸线保有率持续下降。围填海等工程建设是导致岸线变化的主要因素，加强对围填海工程的管控和海岸线保护与利用管理，可以进一步优化资源配置，促使科学合理的海岸带格局的形成。 相似文献
11.
The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
12.
We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
13.
We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
14.
双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺的检测方法初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究的目的是探索一种检测双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺含量的方法。以栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)和长牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)为实验对象,研究了取样、抗氧化剂、氧化铝用量以及Tris缓冲液用量等对实验结果的影响。结果表明,高效液相色谱电化学检测器法(HPLC-ECD)可以灵敏高效地对双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺进行定性、定量检测。实验表明,取样时间最长不超过1.5min;还原性谷胱甘肽作抗氧化剂效果较好;前处理各试剂与血样量的最适配比为血样量1.5mL,Tris缓冲液(1.5mol/L,pH8.6)1mL和氧化铝25mg;水洗后离心并尽可能吸干氧化铝中的水分。去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺的回收率分别为53%~69%、47%~73%和48%~56%。 相似文献
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为研究黄河入海径流变化条件下河口附近海域盐度扩散特征,以更好地保护河口海域生物资源多样性,本文以黄河下游利津水文站的长序列实测径流数据资料为基础,利用近海水动力模型FVCOM,分析径流变化对黄河口海域盐度的影响规律。结果表明：黄河口与莱州湾之间存在顺时针的环流系统,在余流作用以及涨落潮方向的影响下,黄河冲淡水长期向莱州湾扩散;丰水期黄河冲淡水几乎影响了整个莱州湾,27盐度锋可以到达莱州湾中部,27等盐线的表层包络面积为2 665.61 km2,占莱州湾的1/4左右,枯水期低盐度水只有向南扩散的趋势,27以下的低盐度水集中分布在黄河口门附近,27等盐线的表层包络面积只有199.65 km2;5月份,随着入海径流量增加,27等盐线扩散的范围、距离、方向都会发生明显变化。在对近海生物资源有迫切保护需求的情景下,适当减少其他用水户供水量以增加入海生态径流量,可以有效改善黄河口海域附近的盐度情况,为生物资源的生长繁殖创造良好条件。 相似文献
16.
V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
17.
Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
18.
The authors have previously determined that the effectiveness and failure pattern of the ice cover caused by flexural-gravity waves generated by a submerged body motion near the bottom ice can greatly depend on the depth of the water area. In its turn, the presence of a ledge on the ice surface may affect a wave propagation pattern. This paper presents an experimental study of the bottom contour influence on the deflection and length of flexural-gravity waves. The authors describe a numerical model for the analysis of the deformed state of ice caused by hydrodynamic loads due to a submarine motion, taking into account the bottom contour. The experiments are carried out in the ice tank. The results of calculations and experiments are compared. 相似文献
19.
Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
20.
I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献