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西北太平洋热带气旋活动的年际变化引起了业内广泛关注。本文选取1950—2016年7—10月的西北太平洋热带气旋为研究对象,分析各等级热带气旋活动特征与Ni珘no-3.4区7—10月平均海表面温度异常(SSTA)的关系,统计了生成频数、生命期、累积气旋能量指数(ACE)、生成位置及路径的变化特征,并探究ENSO循环的暖事件年与冷事件年中大尺度背景场的差异。结果表明:(1)在暖事件年,强台风和超强台风的生成频数、生命期均有增加的趋势,ACE指数与SSTA正相关性更强,说明其强度有所增加,冷事件年情况相反。(2)强台风和超强台风在暖事件年生成位置偏东偏南,在冷事件年生成位置偏西偏北。(3)季风槽区的高低层环流形势配合垂直风切变及对流层暖湿空气,导致热带气旋的生成位置在冷暖事件中发生变化。 相似文献
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ENSO事件对西北太平洋热带气旋影响的分级研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用1951-2006年联合台风警报中心(JTWC)最佳路径数据集和气候预测中心(CPC) ENSO资料,分析了西北太平洋不同等级热带气旋累积能量(accumulated cyclone energy,ACE)与ENSO指数之间的关系.结果表明;ACE与ENSO指数间存在正相关关系;分级热带气旋中,ENSO事件主要通过超强台风(Super TY)的活动与ACE指数联系起来的,超强台风频数在El Ni(n)o期间多于La Ni(n)a 期间,同时持续时间也更长;ENSO指数和热带气旋活跃季超强台风ACE指数的滞后相关(ENSO指数滞后5个月内)与它们的同时相关大小相当.此外,还研究了分级热带气旋持续时间、强度和频数分别对ACE指数的贡献,结果显示超强台风频数的贡献最大.接下来,利用1951-2006年不同ENSO位相情况下NCEP再分析资料,分析了ENSO影响超强台风发生发展的物理机制.主要结论为:西北太平洋存在一些SuperTY频数与源地分布在ENSO年与平常年相比有明显差异的关键区;ENSO事件改变关键区低层相对涡度以及海表温度是其影响SuperTY源地及频数变化的重要途径. 相似文献
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对1997年西北太平洋热带气旋的特征进行了统计分析,研究结果表明:El Ni(n)o发生年,西北太平洋生成热带气旋以偏少为主,强度偏强,且热带气旋生成位置偏东,热带低压加强成为热带风暴的平均位置也较多年平均位置偏东;副热带高压强度和Ni(n)o 3.4区海表面温度(SST)变化趋势基本一致,但副热带高压强度变化落后SST变化6个月左右. 相似文献
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近百年西北太洋热带气旋频数变化特征与ENSO的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文根据西北太平洋近106年(1899～2004年)热带气旋系列资料,分析了热带气旋年频数多年变化的统计特征.结果表明:西北太平洋台风频数既存在明显的短周期的年际变化也存在明显长周期的年代际变化,是一种短周期与长周期相互作用的多时间尺度的变化.年际变化与ENSO有明显关系,ENSO事件的当年9月到次年8月冷事件年相对与暖事件年会有更多的台风生成和登陆.在年代际尺度上,106年的台风活动可以分为几个明显的活跃期和不活跃期,这种年代际的变化可能与海气耦合的经向模态调制有关系. 相似文献
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西北太平洋热带气旋发生的时空变化特征 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
利用中国气象局整编的1949-1988年的《台风年鉴》和1989-2000年的《热带气旋年鉴》资料，统计分析了西北太平洋热带气旋的主要发生源地、各强度等级热带气旋发生的经纬度变化特征、各强度等级热带气旋发生源地和发生频率的季节变化特征。结果表明：西北太平洋有三个热带气旋的主要发生地，分别是南海中北部偏东洋面、菲律宾以东至加罗林群岛之间的洋面、加罗林群岛一带洋面；热带气旋强度越强，发生位置越偏南、偏东；热带气旋平均发生源地存在明显的季节变化特征，冬季平均发生源地偏南偏东，以后逐渐向北向西偏移，夏季以后又向南向东偏移；各强度等级热带气旋2月平均发生频率最小，8月平均发生频率最大，全年TC较集中地发生在7～10月期间。 相似文献
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西北太平洋超强台风活动特征及其与ENSO的关系 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用1965～2005年西北太平洋热带气旋(TC)资料,对发生在西北太平洋的超强台风(STY)进行统计,总结了超强台风的活动范围及季节演变特征。结合海表面温度(SST)分析了超强台风活动与ENSO现象的关系以及ENSO现象对超强台风活动的影响机制。结果表明:超强台风的数量占全部热带气旋总数的1/5,在7～11月间活动最为频繁,且11月达到超强台风的比例最高,出现频率最高的区域是菲律宾以东洋面上。在El Nio年,由于海温和季风槽的共同作用,热带气旋生成的位置比较偏东,再加上弱垂直风切变的影响,超强台风数量会比较多,La Nia年热带气旋生成的位置比较偏西,超强台风活动区域垂直风切变比较强,超强台风数量会比较少。 相似文献
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1997年影响南海的热带气旋异常活动特征及成因分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
统计分析了近30年(1976-2005)来影响南海的热带气旋特征,对1997年影响南海的热带气旋异常活动的成因作了进一步的分析.结果表明,El Nino发生后,西北太平洋生成的热带气旋以偏少为主,强度偏强,且热带气旋生成位置偏东,热带低压加强成为热带风暴的平均位置也较多年平均位置偏东;副热带高压强度和Nino 3.4区SST变化趋势基本一致,但副热带高压强度变化落后SST变化6个月左右.由于El Nino事件多发生于上半年,赤道中东太平洋Nino 3.4区SST偏高,当年冬季或次年春夏季往往副热带高压异常偏强;El Nino发生年的次年,暖水向西回涌,西太平洋海温逐渐恢复正常,副高强度偏强. 相似文献
8.
《海洋气象学报》2018,(4)
秋季是西北太平洋热带气旋平均强度最强的季节,热带气旋累积能量(accumulated cyclone energy,ACE)是热带气旋平均强度的表征指标,基于1979—2015年日本气象厅最佳路径热带气旋数据集,以及美国冰雪中心海冰数据和哈得来环流中心海温数据,利用回归分析和多元逐步回归等方法,对秋季西北太平洋ACE指数进行了分析和预报。研究表明:秋季西北太平洋ACE指数具有显著的年际变化特征,与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)有关,最大和最小值分别出现在1991年的厄尔尼诺年和1999年的拉尼娜年,在厄尔尼诺发展年的秋季ACE一般较强,而在拉尼娜衰减年的秋季热带气旋强度则较弱; ACE指数变化受来自北极海冰变化强迫中纬度异常波列的影响及其受到厄尔尼诺海温模态的调制;由于海冰在波弗特海的异常增多,强迫对流层高层夏季出现类似北半球环球遥相关型异常波列,波列正压下传,使得夏秋季西北太平洋副热带高压东退北移;副热带高压活动的变化和太平洋海温的异常分布影响了局地的环流,热带气旋生成源地弱的垂直风切变区域偏东和涡度显著增大有利于热带气旋在暖海洋上发展强盛。最后进行建模预报,预报效果为0.69。若单独使用海温或海冰作为唯一要素来预报,预报效果将大大降低。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献