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1.
21世纪以来底拖网渔业的快速发展给脆弱海洋生态系统（VME）带来极大威胁,导致公海深海渔业发展不可持续以及海洋生物多样性降低。为更好地实现养护海洋渔业资源和保护海洋生物多样性的目标,同时为我国在保护VME以及管理公海深海渔业方面提供参考,文章分析八大区域渔业管理组织（RFMO）针对VME保护采取的系列措施及其保护VME的可行性,针对存在的问题提出对策建议,并对我国在RFMO中保护VME进行展望。研究结果表明：《公海深海渔业管理国际准则》在RFMO保护VME的实践中发挥重要的指导作用;RFMO采取的措施限制深海渔业活动,但为保护VME和养护海洋渔业资源提供重要基础和保障;未来RFMO应加强信息共享和技术合作,发展VME分布预测技术,同时在保护海洋生物多样性方面积极开展双边和多边合作;我国应进一步研究和实践基于生态系统的渔业管理方法,平衡保护与开发利用的关系,积极参与国际渔业管理和VME保护并促进合作,加强南极海域海洋保护区综合治理。 相似文献
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随着近海渔业资源的枯竭及近海养护政策的进一步实施,发展远洋渔业成为增加海水产品供给、改善居民膳食结构、实现我国渔业可持续发展的战略选择。文章回顾了新中国成立以来我国远洋渔业的发展历程:按照产量、产值、作业海域、远洋渔业产业结构等指标对其进行阶段划分,依次分为空白期(1949—1971年)、积极筹备期(1972—1984年)、起步期(1985—1990年)、快速发展期(1991—1997年)、调整期(1998—2006年)、优化期(2007年至今)6个阶段,并分析其阶段特征;发现国际渔业合作、远洋技术革新、近海渔业政策和政府补贴引导构成了远洋渔业不同阶段的演进动因。结合当前我国远洋渔业所处阶段的特征和国内外渔业环境,对我国远洋渔业的发展趋势进行预测,即我国远洋渔业发展趋势体现在如下三大转变,(1)由渔业资源依附型转变为科技资源驱动型;(2)资源消耗型转变成资源创造型,推进海外"蓝色粮仓"建设;(3)资源破坏型转变为资源养护型,树立负责任远洋渔业大国的形象。 相似文献
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金枪鱼渔业作为远洋渔业和海洋经济的重要组成部分,其发展受到各远洋渔业大国的高度重视和大力扶持。文章基于SCP分析范式,从市场结构、市场行为及市场绩效3个范畴研究金枪鱼渔业产业组织的结构特征,分析影响金枪鱼渔业市场结构的因素,探究市场结构、市场行为和市场绩效三者的关系。研究发现:金枪鱼国际生产和贸易垄断集中程度降低,市场竞争的有效性不断加强;金枪鱼的市场结构受到市场集中度、产品差别化,进入和退出壁垒的影响;金枪鱼渔业市场结构、市场行为和市场绩效之间存在相互影响关系。文章最后为我国发展金枪鱼渔业,提升国际竞争力提出了发挥渔业管理组织牵头作用,共同维护金枪鱼市场有效竞争;积极促进企业发展,提高生产研发能力,立足国际市场;创造良好国际环境,切实为金枪鱼渔业发展保驾护航等建议。 相似文献
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本文分析了《联合国海洋法公约》中与渔业有关条款对世界和我国渔业的影响及各国执行公约的情况.指出今后的渔业管理制度将有利于沿海国,远洋渔业国家只有履行公约规定的义务,才能确保渔业的可持续发展.本文讨论了公约对我国渔业产生的影响,并就此提出了几点建议. 相似文献
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日本曾以渔业大国称雄于世,特别是其远洋渔业非常成功,足迹遍及全球各大洋。然而,至本世纪80年代中期,世界大洋新秩序的建立,各沿岸国纷纷建立了200海里经济水域制度,对外国渔船实行驱逐政策,以保护自己近海渔业资源。因而使得日本的远洋渔业受到严重影响。传统的渔业政策已不再适用新的环境。面对捕鱼量减少、船只裁减、就业机会紧张,作业费用上涨等一系列问题,日本采取了新的对策:更换传统的国际合作伙伴;从最初的捕捞作业进入到深加工和销售领域;谋求国际贸易机会,寻找海外代理集团进行间接的质量控制,延用渔业外交政策等。文章就日本远洋渔业的历史、现状及其政策的演变予以评介。 相似文献
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优质的渔业水域环境是我国渔业可持续发展的重要保障,目前,我国渔业水域环境面临着较为严峻的污染问题,污染事故时有发生,严重影响了渔业的持续稳定发展。为了保护渔业水域环境、防治渔业水域污染事故,我国在《中华人民共和国渔业法》《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》等法律中均规定了相关内容,基本形成了渔业水域污染事故的法律规制模式,但仍然存在许多法律问题,如法律规定缺乏实施细则,可行性较低;相关定义模糊不清;事故损害调查方式不够合理等。在此背景下,文章分析了目前渔业水域污染事故对应的民事法律责任、行政法律责任和刑事法律责任,并提出建议,为渔业水域污染事故的处理和归责提供参考。 相似文献
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为全面提升辽宁省渔船管理水平和推动渔船管理体系化建设,自1995年起,辽宁省人大常委会相继出台了《辽宁省实施〈中华人民共和国渔业法〉办法》《辽宁省渔船管理条例》《辽宁省渔业船舶监督检验条例》和《辽宁省海洋渔业安全管理条例》等地方法规,辽宁省各级渔业行政主管部门也相应出台了实施细则、标准等规范性文件。虽然立法和执法部门一直致力于渔船管理制度的建设,但仍面临着渔业生产和渔船管理中出现的新情况和新问题,包括渔船的登记检验、生产作业、建造修理、安全救援以及与此相关的行政处罚标准等。这些问题贯穿于渔船管理活动的始终,因此应增加渔业船舶检验、渔具管理等的法律规定,加大对"三无"船舶的行政处罚力度,严格规范相关管理制度。 相似文献
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《渔业法》颁布实施20年来,我国海洋和渔业法治建设已取得很大成就,但这一法规体系尚存在多方面问题。文章从海洋环境保护和渔业资源养护立法、海洋与渔业自然保护区立法、渔业保险立法、渔船管理立法、《防治海洋工程建设项目污染损害海洋环境管理条例》配套法规等五个方面,提出了进一步完善我国海洋和渔业法规的建议。 相似文献
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为促进我国远洋渔业的可持续发展以及提高我国在国际渔业事务中的影响力,文章根据远洋渔业产业竞争力影响因素的作用机理,采用组态定性比较分析方法分析全球价值链视角下我国远洋渔业产业竞争力的影响因素,并提出策略建议。研究结果表明:我国远洋渔业产业竞争力的影响因素包括全产业链程度、生产要素、资源综合利用实力、挑战应对能力以及政府公共服务和自身政策需求;其中,挑战应对能力是高产业竞争力组态的必备条件,全产业链程度与政府公共服务和自身政策需求是具有同步性的高产业竞争力组合驱动因素,全产业链程度是非高产业竞争力组态的核心条件;我国远洋渔业的发展应积极嵌入全球价值链和构建全产业链、加强政府主导作用、化挑战为机遇、提高资源综合利用实力以及通过“龙头”企业提高远洋渔业企业整体实力。 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2016
Social research can aid in understanding the behaviour of the general public or stakeholders towards natural resources. In the case of recreational fishing, social research aids in integrating anglers' knowledge and attitudes into management frameworks to increase the likelihood of the uptake of new management regulations. Tournament anglers were surveyed at game fishing competitions throughout New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia between February 2012 and May 2013 to investigate their general beliefs around sharks and their behaviours when targeting pelagic sharks. Over half (55%) of the anglers interviewed practised catch and release of pelagic sharks. Of those, almost all (98%) asserted that they attempt to release sharks in good condition, but a large percentage of anglers (48%) did not use circle hooks that have been shown to increase post-release survival. Results showing some concordance between angler's beliefs and behaviours when targeting pelagic sharks suggest that anglers are cognisant of the functional role of sharks in the ecosystem and would be open to recommendations ensuring the long-term sustainability of recreational fisheries targeting pelagic sharks. 相似文献
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To understand small-scale fisheries in Mexico, the spatial and temporal distribution of the landed catch of several species was analyzed, including abalone, clams, snails, octopus, squids, lobsters, shrimps, blue crabs, sharks, rays and finfish along the 349 km of the Gulf of Ulloa coast. Data reported by fishers from 1998 to 2009 on catch volume and value per group of species and per fishing locality, together with the number of landing events, were used to define fishing zones and the relative importance of each fishery. Finfish turned out the primary fishery in the region, but the other fisheries showed relevant spatial changes that should be considered when establishing management goals and fishing regulations according to resource availability, fleet efficiency, processing capacity, commercialization of fishing products and profit distribution. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
Brazil currently ranks as the 11th producer and 1st importer of shark meat around the world. Data available from the FAO software FishStatJ along with data from regional sources, such as governmental bulletins, scientific papers, gray literature and internet were revisited to identify the main issues surrounding pelagic shark fisheries, trade and consumption in the largest country in South America. Among the main findings, it was noted that Brazil has not properly collected fishery statistics since 2007, that many species of threatened sharks are freely landed and traded even though it is prohibited by local legislation and/or international recommendations (regional fisheries management organizations). The blue shark (Prionace glauca) is the most frequently recorded shark in the official bulletins and is currently a locally targeted species. Additionally, the significant imports of this species from 23 other countries that also provide fins for Asia has drawn attention in recent decades. Regarding consumption, shark is considered to be low-value seafood compared to more common fish, such as groupers and snappers, and most Brazilians actually do not know that they are eating sharks. At present, the proportion of threatened elasmobranchs (in which sharks are included) in Brazil (33%, of 145 species) exceeds the global rate identified for the group (25%), and, until the present moment, no measure related to the management of species has been implemented. As advice, Brazil urgently needs to restructure its fishery information collection systems, management strategies and to tighten sanitary and labeling regulations for the marketing of fish. 相似文献
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Internationally, shark conservation is now being recognized as a major environmental challenge, but management efforts to halt the overexploitation of sharks have lagged behind. This review examines the state of knowledge for shark species in Canadian waters and analyzes the role of existing management and legislation in ensuring shark conservation. Despite Canada's early leadership, the present management framework reveals major shortcomings with regard to legal protection, bycatch and finning regulations. These problems are not unique to Canada but illustrate broader issues pertaining to the global management of endangered fish species. To strengthen the conservation and management of sharks, this paper recommends a set of key policies and management priorities, which exemplify proper precautionary management of endangered shark species in Canada and could serve as a blueprint for improving conservation efforts internationally. A structured approach for grading progress in shark conservation efforts against best practices is also presented and could be used as a goalpost elsewhere. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2014
China is the world's largest country in terms of fish production, yet its fisheries management is comparatively unknown outside the country. This article gives an overview of the current management system and highlights some of its challenges. In the past 30 years, the Department of Fishery Administration has formulated and organized a series of conservation and management regimes and measures. The most important tools are minimum mesh size regulation and a range of input control measures, including seasonal closures and attempts to control fishing capacity through licensing and limiting total engine power. However, fisheries output is only controlled through a nation-wide total catch limit. Certain progress has been achieved, but there are still problems as the resource situation is poor. While the existing measures could, in principle, improve sustainability, their enforcement is insufficient, and they do not limit fishing effort in a way that would allow recovery. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2013
Tropical small-scale fisheries are highly heterogeneous with respect to a wide range of fisheries characteristics, but that heterogeneity has generally not been adequately studied or considered in management. This study investigated fisheries heterogeneity and the extent to which it is accounted for in management regulations in eight small-scale fishing communities located in floodplain ecosystems of the Amazon basin. Analyses of 29,844 fishery landing interview data revealed that fisheries heterogeneity with respect to gear, habitat, species composition, and total catch and fishing effort was high across all communities, but low over the years in the same communities, indicating that each community must be considered as a distinct management unit. Data analyses also revealed that many important community fisheries characteristics were not accounted for by government- and community-based management regulations. Total catch and fishing effort were largely unregulated; there were no size or closed season limits for one-third of the most important fishery species; and the nursery habitats used by most fishery species were not protected in any fashion. Clearly, increased attention to cross-community fisheries heterogeneity can improve the design and implementation of management regulations. The management problems created by the heterogeneity of small-scale fisheries are discussed, and the potential of the “barefoot ecologist” concept to address them is considered. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2013
Karimunjawa National Park (KNP) was among the first maritime areas recognized in Indonesia as being important for the conservation of marine biodiversity. Economic incentives in the KNP aim to decrease community dependency on wild-captured natural resources and achieve biodiversity and development objectives. Various participatory mechanisms facilitate community involvement in governance, whilst other incentives promoting awareness and support for fishery regulations are being delivered. Monitoring programs have demonstrated some ecological improvements and reductions in destructive fishing in the park over the past five years. The findings demonstrate that MPA policies and regulations can improve the social well-being and political power of fishing communities, particularly when appropriate economic, legal and participatory incentives are provided. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
The fishing industry has been facing problems related to catch yields, predatory competition and economic collapse. Management should be based on substantial scientific studies and the state's ability to implement these. In Brazil, the surface longline fishery has been in existence since the 1950s, and remains of great economic importance. This study analyzes 179 legal instruments (1934–2014), divided into restrictive, administrative and promotional, comparing with catches landed (1996–2011). The results show that there was a complete disrespect for the regulations, wherein fleets continued landing prohibited or size limited species, such as Kajikia albida, Makaira nigricans, Alopias superciliosus, A. vulpinus, Carcharhinus longimanus, Galeorhinus galeus and Xiphias gladius. Furthermore, divergent regulatory provisions have hindered understanding/implementation of regulations by all those involved. Being a country of continental proportions and with different longline fisheries along the coast, conducting scientific studies and the development of normative approaches becomes a huge challenge. In a dynamic activity such as fishing, the constant review of these regulations will allow fisheries management to become more accurate and in accordance with the aspirations of the different interests involved. Despite the surface longline fishery having operated for 60 years in Brazil, the existence of incongruous laws makes the management and control of this activity incompatible with the conservation of species. The lack of regulations governing this fishery creates a "gap", increasing the risk of extinction of species (target and bycatch) and the future collapse of this activity. 相似文献