首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 157 毫秒
1.
用原子吸收光谱法(AAS)和原子荧光光度法(AFS)测定了采集于北海银滩镇、厦门海门岛、宁德漳湾镇、乐清西门岛、温岭坞根镇、三门花桥镇等地区自然滩涂以及温岭坞根镇养殖区的可口革囊星虫(Phascolosoma esculentas)及其栖息地的底泥样品中Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe、Cd、Pb、Hg 和As 等8 种重金属含量, 并对检测结果进行了含量特征、生物体与栖息地底泥中重金属含量相关性分析、生物体重金属富集系数分析。结果表明: 不同栖息地可口革囊星虫间的重金属含量差异性显著(P<0.05), 各群体中Pb 含量均超过标准, 厦门海门岛群体中Cd 含量超标; 厦门海门岛、乐清西门岛自然滩涂栖息地和温岭坞根镇养殖区等底泥中重金属含量相对较高, 所有采样点底泥中Cu 含量以及乐清西门岛自然滩涂底泥中Cd 含量达到沉积物质量标准Ⅱ类; 可口革囊星虫对Zn、Cu、Fe 的富集系数均小于1, 对Mn、Cd、Pb、Hg 和As 的富集系数均大于1。Zn、Cu、Fe、Pb 和As 的富集系数在大部分群体间差异性较小; 可口革囊星虫中的Fe 和As 含量与底泥中的Fe 和As 含量高度正相关, Zn 和Hg 含量的相关性次之, 其余重金属元素含量的相关性较差。  相似文献   

2.
为了掌握茎柔鱼体型生长变化及其与栖息环境因子的效应关系, 2017年2—4月和6—8月,在东太平洋赤道海域逐月随机采集了3 628尾茎柔鱼样本,进行体质量、胴长的月间变化分析和胴长与海表温、叶绿素a浓度的效应关系研究。结果显示,雌性个体胴长分布范围为163—468mm,体质量分布范围为123—3034g;雄性个体胴长分布范围为171—475mm,体质量分布范围为145—2 681 g。不同月份之间,雌性、雄性个体的胴长和体质量均存在显著性差异,雌雄性个体胴长、体质量均以2月份的最大, 6—8月份的较小。然而,每个月份雌性、雄性个体的胴长分布均为单峰值区间分布。体质量-胴长幂函数关系显示,2—4月份雌雄性个体多倾向于匀速生长、体征较差,6—8月份个体则以负异速生长为主、体征较为良好。雌性、雄性个体胴长与采样海域海表温、采样纬度呈显著的正效应关系,采样海域叶绿素a浓度对雌性胴长产生正效应影响。研究表明,东太平洋赤道海域茎柔鱼体型的月间差异性显著,体型变化与采样海域海表温、采样纬度关系密切,并且雌性体型与海域叶绿素a浓度呈正效应关系。  相似文献   

3.
为了研究明湖湿地公园湖区内表层底泥中氮、磷营养盐和有机碳污染水平及分布现状,对明湖湿地5个区域26个采样点的表层(0～10 cm)底泥中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和总有机质(TOM)进行了测定、分析,结果表明:表层底泥TN含量介于285～4500 mg/kg间,均值为1779.6 mg/kg,分布趋势为西南(MS)区东南(ME)区东北湖响水河口(HK)湖中心(MC)区西北(MN)区;TOM含量介于17.13～189.30 g/kg间,均值为55.99 g/kg,空间分布与TN相似的格局;TP含量介于261～709 mg/kg间,均值为639 mg/kg,分布与TN、TOM有差异,最大值出现在HK区。TN与TOM二者间呈极显著正相关(r=0.951~*,p0.01),TP与TOM之间关联性不明显(r=0.627)。结合有机指数(OI)和综合污染指数(FF)评价结果知,研究区内表层底泥营养盐已达中度污染水平,其中TN超标率较高,是明湖湿地表层底泥富营养化的主控因子。且湿地南部底泥中氮、磷营养盐及有机质污染属严重级别,污染程度超过最低生态毒性效应级别,存在较高的生态风险。  相似文献   

4.
为了筛选与暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu obscurus)生长相关的分子标记,作者采用SSR结合BSA技术对同龄孵化群体的同池养殖暗纹东方鲀生长差异性状标记进行筛选。利用85对微卫星引物对暗纹东方鲀生长快、慢各30尾个体构建的两个基因池进行分析,共筛选到14个差异位点。然后分析这14个差异微卫星位点在这60个暗纹东方鲀个体中的基因型差异,结果表明:位点TOP03、TOG01、fms15、fms75与生长性状呈现极显著负相关关系(P0.01),fms89与生长性状呈现极显著正相关关系(P0.01)。用另外30个个体(生长快慢各15个)进行验证实验后,结果只有位点fms15、fms75与生长性状显著相关,相关系数分别为–0.411和–0.384。这两个微卫星位点对于暗纹东方鲀生长性状有显著效应,为开展暗纹东方鲀的分子标记辅助育种提供了有价值的参考标记。  相似文献   

5.
为了解世界自然遗产地生态修复的“中国样本”和“鸟类保护的国际地标” ——江苏东台条子泥“720”高潮位候鸟栖息地的生态环境质量，本研究采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法和原子荧光光谱法测定了高潮位候鸟栖息地5个样点及与之毗邻的堤外潮间带4个样点表层沉积物中8种常见重金属元素（Hg、Cd、Cr、As、Pb、Cu、Ni和Zn）的含量，基于地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对两个区域表层沉积物中重金属含量特征和生态风险进行了比较研究。结果表明，候鸟栖息地和堤外潮间带表层沉积物中8种重金属的平均含量均未超过国家海洋沉积物质量一类标准，两个区域表层沉积物的重金属含量具有显著的差异（P<0.05），候鸟栖息地沉积物各重金属平均含量均高于堤外区，两个区域潜在生态风险指数也具有显著差异，候鸟栖息地沉积物重金属潜在生态风险大于堤外区，可能与栖息地建设前的水产养殖活动、候鸟栖息活动、周边农业活动和水动力条件有关；两个区域各采样点的重金属地累积指数均小于0，无明显重金属累积风险；两个区域综合潜在生态风险指数均小于150.00，各采样点单项潜在生态风险指数均小于40.00，均属于低潜在生态风险等级。通过研究区与其他滨海自然湿地中重金属特征对比研究发现，本研究区域中的主要生态风险因子是Hg，其次是Cd，后续需要更多的关注。  相似文献   

6.
应用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)法测定了不同密度铜锈环棱螺生物扰动下沉积物表层微生物群落结构的变化。结果表明,与对照组相比,含螺处理组PLFAs总生物量有了明显的升高,且与底泥总有机碳(TOC)含量变化趋势有很高的相关性(r=0.541)(P<0.05)。实验过程中细菌/真菌值发生显著变化,中密度处理组的细菌/真菌值显著高于其它实验组(P<0.05),说明中密度螺影响下细菌生长较真菌更快,细菌生物量显著升高。主成分分析(PCA)显示,低、高密度螺处理下沉积物的微生物群落结构与对照组相似,而中密度螺处理组(3个螺/培养柱)(相当于196ind/m2)能够使沉积物微生物群落结构产生明显变化。  相似文献   

7.
曼氏血吸虫中间宿主螺藁杆双脐螺和其他3种隶属扁蜷螺科的吸虫及线虫中间宿主螺,其形态极为相似,缺乏分类学资料,比较几种扁蜷螺的形态及生殖系统构造,明确其分类学特征,能为监测及防控部门准确鉴定物种提供依据。电子数显卡尺测量所有样本螺壳参数;解剖4种扁蜷螺生殖系统并绘图;扫描电镜观察齿舌形态。方差分析表明,4种扁蜷螺壳高(H)和直径(D)比值差异显著(F=64.171,P0.01)。4种扁蜷螺齿舌均为中央齿1列,双齿型,但中央齿齿尖形态、侧齿及缘齿列数、齿尖数量及形态等依种类不同均有差异。研究结果表明不同种的齿舌形态是重要鉴别特征之一。生殖系统阴茎复合体构造在属间差异明显,种间较为相似(旋螺属的凸旋螺、小旋螺)。尽管4种扁蜷螺贝壳形态较为相似,但壳高(H)和直径(D)比值、齿舌列数、齿尖以及生殖系统的阴茎复合体构造等特征,对入侵物种藁杆双脐螺和中国几种常见扁蜷螺的准确鉴定有重要价值。  相似文献   

8.
为探究长江口区域最新的泥沙运动特征,于2019年枯季(1月,21个样本)和洪季(8月,58个样本)在长江口南北槽及周边区域现场取样河床表层泥沙样本,测量了样本的中值粒径和级配分布。采用Folk-Ward公式计算了泥沙样本的粒度参数(分选系数、偏度和峰度),并分析了沙样本内磁性物质含量。基于上述泥沙物理参数,进一步对比分析洪枯季研究区域河床表层泥沙的时空分布变化特征。分析结果表明北槽内洪枯季泥沙样本中值粒径空间分布特征一致,南槽中段洪季泥沙样本中值粒径远小于枯季泥沙样本中值粒径,南槽其他区域洪枯季泥沙样本中值粒径空间分布特征一致。同一中值粒径下,不同沙样本(中值粒径大于63μm)各粒度参数之间差异显著,而泥样本(中值粒径小于63μm)粒度参数间差异相对较小。此外,磁性物质含量测量结果表明枯季沙样本磁性物质组成的空间分布存在一定的差异,而洪季沙样本磁性物质的空间分布相对均一。  相似文献   

9.
冼健安  王安利 《海洋科学》2013,37(12):40-46
以不同铜离子添加量(0, 10, 25, 40, 55 和110 mg/kg)的饲料喂养斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)8 周,测定对虾的血细胞总数(THC), 并应用流式细胞术测定血细胞中含颗粒细胞(小颗粒细胞和大颗粒细胞)的比例、血细胞凋亡率、活性氧(ROS)含量和酯酶活性。结果显示, 当铜添加量为10～55 mg/kg 时, 与对照组相比, 对虾的THC、血细胞凋亡率、ROS 含量和酯酶活性均没有显著的变化(P>0.05); 铜添加量为25～110 mg/kg 时, 含颗粒细胞的比例显著提高(P<0.05); 铜添加量为110 mg/kg 时, ROS 含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05), 血细胞凋亡率高于25 和55 mg/kg 组(P<0.05), THC 低于55 mg/kg 组(P<0.05), 酯酶活性低于25mg/kg 组(P<0.05)。这些结果表明, 适宜的饲料铜含量有利于两类颗粒细胞的生成; 铜添加过量(110 mg/kg)会诱导血细胞ROS 的产生, 造成氧化损伤, 从而导致凋亡率上升和THC 下降。综上所述, 在本实验日粮条件下, 针对斑节对虾的血细胞功能, 其饲料中铜适宜添加含量范围为25～55mg/kg。  相似文献   

10.
以过硫酸氢钾、沸石粉和膨润土为主要成分,分别添加0%(对照)、0.5%、1%、2%、4%和8%的过碳酰胺配成6种底质改良剂,分别标记为A、B、C、D、E和F,本实验研究了以上6种不同组分的底质改良剂对刺参生长和底质环境的影响。实验过程中,分别于第0、7、14、28、42和56天测定底泥氧化还原电位和营养盐变化,实验结束后测定刺参特定生长率。结果表明:E组底泥氧化还原电位最高,但与F组间无显著差异(P0.05);底泥中NO_3--N含量同样在E组达到最大值,且与F组间差异不显著(P0.05);底泥NH_(4+)-N、NO_2--N、和TN含量均在D组达到最小值,但与E组和F组间无显著差异(P0.05);D组刺参特定生长率最高,但与E组和F组间无显著差异(P0.05)。综上所述,底质改良剂中添加过碳酰胺能够显著改善底质环境,以特定生长率为评价指标,当添加量为4.8%时最利于刺参的生长。  相似文献   

11.
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of zooplankton, suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM), and sinking particles collected using sediment traps were measured for samples obtained from the southeastern Bering Sea middle and outer shelf during 1997–1999. The quantity of material collected by the middle shelf sediment trap was greater in both spring and late summer and fall than in early and mid-summer. The δ15N of SPOM, sinking material and zooplankton showed greater inter-annual variability at the middle shelf site (M2) than at the outer shelf site (M3). Zooplankton and sinking organic matter collected by M2 sediment traps became more depleted in 15N from 1997 through 1999, associated with a change from unusually warm to unusually cold conditions. Suspended and sinking organic matter and zooplankton collected from M3 decreased only slightly in δ15N from 1998 to 1999. SPOM, zooplankton, and sediment trap samples collected at M2 were usually enriched in δ15N and δ13C over those from M3. However, in 1999 sediment trap samples from the middle shelf were enriched in 13C over M3 material, but the δ15N of samples from the two sites was similar. The geographic pattern could be explained greater productivity over the middle shelf, associated with either isotopically heavy nitrogen being regenerated from sediments, or with utilization of a greater fraction of the available inorganic nitrogen pool during most years.  相似文献   

12.
Seasonal monitoring of the levels of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in two green macroalgae (Ulva and Enteromorpha) was carried out at 22 sampling sites in four embayments (rías) on the northwest coast of Spain. Sediments were also analysed to determine the concentrations of these elements as well as organic matter, organic carbon, iron and texture. In addition, accumulations of Ulva were monitored. Nitrogen levels in algae were similar to those found in comparable studies, whereas carbon concentrations were generally higher and those of phosphorus were lower. As a result the macroalgae were relatively enriched by carbon and nitrogen compared with phosphorus. Seasonal variations in algal tissue nitrogen and phosphorus followed the usual pattern for temperate zones, with minimum levels in summer and maximum levels in winter. Variations in carbon concentrations were much less accentuated. The low levels of P in the algae appear to indicate limitation by this element, however, comparison of the monthly changes in nitrogen and phosphorus in Ulva with the critical concentrations of these elements suggests dual nutrient limitation in this alga in summer. By contrast, the sediments were more enriched by phosphorus; high retention of this element by the sediment may explain the low levels in algae. The highest accumulations of Ulva occurred in spring and summer; hydrodynamic factors appeared to be important in determining the extent of these accumulations.  相似文献   

13.
This study describes the temporal variation of microphytobenthic biomass and its controlling factors, as well as the impact of microphytobenthic activities on coastal shallow sediment in the eastern Seto Inland Sea, Japan. The chlorophyll a (Chl a), phaeopigments and sedimentary biophilic element (C, N, P and Si) contents in surface sediments, as well as nutrient concentrations at the sediment-water interface (overlying water and pore water) were observed monthly during November 2003 to May 2005 at one site in Shido Bay (water depth ca. 7 m) and at one site in Harima-Nada (35 m). No correlation was observed between the sedimentary biophilic elements and other parameters. The maximum chlorophyll a content of 48.2 μg g–1 was found in surface sediments under the photon flux reaching the seafloor of 537 μmol photon m–2 s–1 during the winter period when water transparency was the highest at station S (Shido Bay). Our results suggest that higher chlorophyll a content in surface sediment was due to the fresh microphytobenthic biomass (mainly benthic diatom). We also found a significant negative correlation between Chl a and inorganic nutrients in pore water during the low temperature period, especially silicic acid. This result suggests that the silicic acid was assimilated largely during the increase of microphytobenthic biomass in surface sediment. This study suggests that the microphytobenthic roles may have a great effect on nutrient budgets during the large supply of irradiance (winter periods) for their photosynthetic growth in shallow coastal waters.  相似文献   

14.
基于河口潮间带底栖微藻群落水平的环境质量状态评价   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
The feasibility of community-based bioassessment of environmental quality status was studied using microphytobenthos(MPB) in estuarine intertidal ecosystems.The sediment samples of MPB were collected monthly during a 1-year cycle(September 2006–August 2007) at four sampling stations in the Nakdong River Estuary,Korea.Environmental variables,such as salinity,radiation,grain size of sediment,Si(OH)_4(Si),nitrate(NO_3~–),nitrite(NO_2~–),ammonium(NH_4~+) and phosphates(PO_4~(3–)),were measured synchronously for comparison with biotic parameters.The statistical analyses were carried out for assessment the relationship between biotic and environmental parameters.The results showed that:(1) the MPB community structures were significant differences among four sampling stations;(2) spatial variation in the MPB communities were significantly correlated with environmental variables,especially the nutrient NH_4+ in combination with salinity and grain size;(3) three species(Navicula lacustris,Pleurosigma anglulatum and Fragilaria sp.1) were significantly correlated with nutrients and/or Si;and(4) the species richness and diversity were significantly correlated with the grain size.It is suggested that MPB communities may be used as a potentially robust bioindicator for assessing environmental quality status in estuarine intertidal ecosystems.  相似文献   

15.
Macrofauna, nutrient fluxes, porewater chemistry and sediment characteristics were measured at six intertidal mudflat sites in the Humber Estuary, U.K., during the different seasons. Nereis diversicolor , Macoma balthica and Corophium volutator were found to be the dominant macrofauna. Salinity was the baseline control on macrofauna distribution but this was overprinted by periodic impoverishment due to sediment mobilization. High resolution gel probe porewater samplers provided direct evidence for the impact of burrows on porewater chemistry. The macrofauna modified nutrient fluxes during periods of mud flat stability. Nereis caused a decrease in silicate and phosphate effluxes but enhanced ammonia release and nitrate uptake. Macoma enhanced ammonia and nitrite release. The impact of Corophium was not possible to discern. The Humber is a large, highly dynamic macrotidal estuary in which sediment resuspension has a large impact on porewater profiles, nutrient fluxes and macrofaunal communities. Simple patterns and inter-relationships which are seen in small sheltered estuaries are not observed in the Humber.  相似文献   

16.
In the northern part of the Kattegat, western Sweden, a series of marine depressions remain since the last glaciation. One of these, the well-oxygenated Alkor Deep, is about 3 km long and 800 m wide and with a depth of 138 m. Random depth-stratified sampling was made along four transects on the slopes including benthic macrofauna (0·1 m2grab samples) and sediment profile imaging. A significant positive correlation was found between depth and the faunal variables abundance and biomass. Deposit feeders such as Maldane sarsi, Heteromastus filiformis andAbra alba were among the dominants and may have been supported by down-slope advected organic material. In many images, pockets and extensive burrows were seen in the sediment that appeared to be constructed by the crustaceans Calocaris macandreae and Maera loveni. The ecological significance of their irrigation of the sediment is discussed. Due to the faunal activity deep down in the sediments of the slopes, the mean apparent redox potential discontinuity (RPD) was found as deep as between 8·0 and 11·3 cm depth, and RPD was significantly positively correlated with water depth. On the slopes there appears to be a balance between the input of organic material and the capacity of the benthic organisms to assimilate that carbon.  相似文献   

17.
湖泊沉积物氮磷内源负荷模拟   总被引：75，自引：1，他引：75  
在对骆马湖沉积物及其间隙水物化性质、空间分布等分析基础上 ,在实验室控制的恒温静态条件下 ,模拟了软性富泥区柱状芯样在不同季节温度下的沉积物 水界面氮、磷交换过程。根据模拟不同温度下的柱状沉积物氮、磷释放速率及其代表时段下的物质释放量计算 ,以及应用孔隙水物质扩散模型进行的计算 ,全湖内源氮、磷负荷分别约为 ( 1 1 1 3.2± 71 .3)t/a和 ( 1 2 .5 0± 0 .95 )t/a,分别占骆马湖年氮、磷入湖量的 7.4%和 1 .2 %。沉积物中氮、磷含量差异大及铁含量较高可能是氮释放通量偏高和磷释放通量较小的主要因素。  相似文献   

18.
ABSTRACT

This study investigated the impact of pastoral land use and nutrient and fine sediment inputs on Microcoleus autumnalis and filamentous algae-dominated mats, and benthic chlorophyll-a in streams (lower North Island, New Zealand). Surveying and sampling was undertaken monthly at 61 sites spanning a wide gradient in catchment cover and environmental conditions. Two boosted regression tree models were built. The first models included pastoral land cover and five environmental variables as predictors. In the second model pastoral land cover was replaced by nutrient/sediment data. The abundance of the two mat types and chlorophyll-a increased when pastoral land cover was between 20% and 70% (model 1). Replacement of pastoral land cover by nutrient/sediment data (model 2) slightly improved the model fit for all three periphyton variables. Microcoleus autumnalis-dominant mats increased with dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations up to ca. 0.6?mg?L?1, and in streams with more frequent flushes. In contrast, filamentous algal-dominated mats increased with turbidity, and in streams with less frequent flushes. Chlorophyll-a generally followed the response of the dominant periphyton type. Increased knowledge on responses of specific periphyton types, rather than total biomass, to environmental variables is essential to guide effective management strategies.  相似文献   

19.
为研究缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)生物扰动在养殖废水生态处理系统中对沉积物不同垂直分层的各种磷形态迁移转化的影响,于2016年5—7月在养殖废水处理池的贝藻处理区采集不同缢蛏养殖密度下的实验围隔箱内的底泥,测定不同垂直方向上的磷形态、微生物活性(FDA)以及碱性磷酸酶活性(APA)。结果表明,在底栖动物缢蛏生物扰动作用下,改变了沉积物内部的微环境,促进了微生物的生长,增大了沉积物中总微生物活性以及碱性磷酸酶活性。而沉积物中有机磷(OP)含量显著减少(P0.05);非磷灰石态无机磷(NAIP)、磷灰石态无机磷(AP)和无机磷(IP)含量显著增加(P0.05),这表明在缢蛏的生物扰动下OP可能转变成为AP、NAIP等无机磷成分;总磷含量呈降低趋势。本试验结果表明,缢蛏生物扰动下对于养殖废水生态处理系统沉积物垂直方向上的磷赋存形态具有显著的影响,且高密度组的生物扰动作用对沉积物中磷形态迁移转化的影响强于低密度组。  相似文献   

20.
Nereis diversicolor is generally considered to be a predator and deposit feeder, but have also been found to graze on benthic algae in shallow coastal areas. In this study we investigated the grazing effects on the development and growth of green algae, Ulva spp. Algal growth was studied in an experiment including two levels of sediment thickness; 100 mm sediment including macrofauna and 5 mm sediment without macrofauna, and three treatments of varying algal biomass; sediment with propagules, sediment with low algal biomass (120 g dry weight (dwt) m− 2) and sediment with high algal biomass (240 g dwt m− 2). In the 100 mm sediment, with a natural population of macrofauna, N. diversicolor was the dominating (60% of total biomass) species. After three weeks of experimentation the result showed that N. diversicolor was able to prevent initial algal growth, affect growth capacity and also partly reduce full-grown algal mats. The weight of N. diversicolor was significantly higher for polychaetes in treatments with algae added compared to non-algal treatments. There were also indications that a rich nutrient supply per algae biomass counteracted the grazing capacity of N. diversicolor.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号