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对我国沿海的朝鲜鳞带石鳖Lepidozona coreanica,花斑锉石鳖Ischnochiton comptus,函馆锉石鳖Ischnochition hakodadensis,红条毛肤石鳖Acanthochiton rubrolineatus,异毛肤石鳖Acanthochiton dissimilis,平濑锦石鳖Onithochitonhirasei,日本花棘石鳖Liolophura japonica,网纹鬃毛石鳖Mopalia retifera,史氏宽板石鳖Placiphorella stimpsoni等9种石鳖贝壳的结构进行了观察。研究发现:9种石鳖中,除史氏宽板石鳖外,其它种的贝壳总长占体长比例都在80%以上;除2种毛肤石鳖外,壳板宽与体宽之比都达60%以上。红条毛肤石鳖壳板最窄,其壳板宽度只占体宽的45%;石鳖的头板、中间板和尾板中,嵌入片上的齿裂数具有种间差异,以头板区别最大;除朝鲜鳞带石鳖、花斑锉石鳖和函馆锉石鳖较多之外,其它6种石鳖的尾板嵌入片上齿裂数均少于3个;除函馆锉石鳖外,其它8种石鳖的中间板嵌入片上的齿裂均不超过2个;史氏宽板石鳖的中间板和尾板嵌入片上没有齿裂。另外,壳表面上的各种壳饰,壳板上的嵌入片、缝合片等结构特征也具有种间差异。 相似文献
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从软体动物中的腹足纲、双壳纲以及节肢动物中的甲壳纲分别选取了3种中国沿海常见的品种——东风螺、弯竹蛏、斑节对虾,提取并分析它们的壳基质蛋白。利用液相色谱串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）技术对蛋白质组学进行分析发现特定的蛋白质具有明显的种属差异：①N66蛋白（一种碳酸酐酶）通常存在于弯竹蛏中,但不存在于东风螺和斑节对虾中,揭示N66蛋白质具有特异性,在未来的物种鉴定中可能具有重要的参考意义;②角质层蛋白AM1199和CP14.6存在于斑节对虾的表皮结构中,在东风螺和弯竹蛏中未检测到;③血蓝蛋白同时在3种动物外壳的基质蛋白中被鉴定出来,揭示了其在不同物种的外壳形成与发育过程中的重要作用。该研究为壳基质蛋白在软体动物或节肢动物外壳中的鉴定提供了基础,也为探索不同物种的生物矿化过程提供了重要参考。 相似文献
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在2019年昌黎黄金海岸国家级自然保护区海域双壳纲软体动物调查的基础上,对该海域双壳纲软体动物含碳量进行了估算,同时分析了该保护区碳汇潜力与发展前景,以期为其他保护区海域碳储量估算提供参考依据.结果 表明,2019年昌黎自然保护区海域双壳纲软体动物含碳量约为391.79～ 414.54 t,等同于吸收了总量为1436.57～ 1520.00 t/a的CO2.年碳汇能力相当于21.80 ～ 23.07 ha的天然林地或23.47 ～ 24.83 ha的人工林地.按照2019年7个碳汇交易试点城市的平均交易价格计算,该保护区海域双壳纲软体动物每年产生的碳汇经济价值约为146677.6～155179.6元.今后应重点研究该保护区青岛文昌鱼及食物网其他层级含碳量及碳汇途径. 相似文献
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软体动物线粒体基因组在大小、结构和功能存在巨大变异,不同组装策略往往会得到差异的结果,明确适合软体动物的线粒体基因组组装策略对开展基于线粒体基因组的相关研究具有重要意义。通过基因组浅层测序技术获取了软体动物主要类群(双壳纲、腹足纲、多板纲、头足纲)代表种类的基因组数据,应用目前主流的线粒体基因组组装软件(NOVOPlasty、Ray、MitoZ、SPAdes、GetOrganelle和MEANGS)在相同条件下进行组装并比较各个软件的组装效果[运行时间、基因组覆盖度、准确性、线粒体重叠群(Contigs)数目、结果文件存储空间占用],探讨线粒体基因组的组装策略。结果表明,基于不同组装策略的线粒体基因组组装软件的组装效果与物种的生物学分类无关,而与线粒体基因组大小有关。基于参考序列组装策略的NOVOPlasty和基于从头组装策略的MEANGS、GetOrganelle和MitoZ更适用于组装有着常见线粒体基因组大小的软体动物类群, MEANGS、Ray和SPAdes更适用于组装线粒体基因组偏大的软体动物类群,MitoZ可以一次性完成线粒体基因组的组装、注释以及可视化工作。研究结果提示不同... 相似文献
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贝类动物因具贝壳而得名,又因身体柔软被称为软体动物。如果把化石种类计入在内,全世界共有贝类动物14.5万多种,是动物界中仅次于节肢动物的第二大门,包括无板纲、单板纲、多板纲、瓣鳃纲、腹足纲、掘足纲和头足纲等七大类。除瓣鳃纲有淡水种类和腹足纲有淡水、陆栖种类外,这七大纲的贝类都生活在海洋中。 相似文献
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本文研究了舟山沿岸四种藤壶（三角藤壶Ｂａｌａｎｕｓｔｒｉｇｏｎｕｓ，纹藤壶Ｂ．ａｍｐｈｉｔｒｉｔｅａｍｇｈｉｔｒｉｔｅ，白脊藤壶Ｂ．ａｌｂｉｃｏｓｔａｔｕｓ及日本笠藤壶Ｔｅｔｒａｃｌｉｔａｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ）壳板的亚显微结构。结果表明，壳板表面的亚显微结构主要有生长脊（包括毛脊、大脊、微脊）和放射脊。其中，大脊和放射脊系本文首次报道。大脊于蔡壶蜕皮后毛脊（刚毛）形成的同时或其后形成，与蜕度周期有关。放射脊的形成可增加壳板的坚固度。各种生长脊的数量及强弱变化反映了藤壶的生理代谢状况及环境对藤壶成长的影响。本文比较了四种藤壶之间壳板表面的亚显微结构，发现它们有很大的差异。通过比较四种藤壶成体和幼体之间壳板表面的亚显微结构，发现藤壶壳板表面结构与年龄有密切关系，尤以生活于潮间带中上区的白脊藤壶和日本笠藤壶为显著。环境，尤其是潮区，对藤壶壳板的生长有很大影响。日本笠藤壶、白脊藤壶、纹藤壶壳板结构明显受其生活的潮区影响。 相似文献
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软体动物腹足纲分类学研究进展——从近海到深海 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着科学技术的不断进步和研究的不断深入,我国关于海洋的研究已由浅海逐步向深海发展,不断取得新的发现和认知。自2014年4月起,中国科学院海洋研究所依托先进的"科学"号海洋科学综合考察船,搭载"发现"号水下机器人（remotelyoperated vehicle,ROV）,先后对冲绳海槽热液区、南海冷泉区、雅浦海山区以及马努斯热液区等深海区域进行了综合性科学考查,采集到了大量深海腹足纲（Gastropoda）标本,其中有一些为未经发现和描述的新种,极大地推动了我国关于深海软体动物物种多样性研究,实现了深海环境和软体动物资源的新认知。本文对近年来从深海采集到的腹足类标本进行了整理分类,对其中的11属13种进行描述,并对深海特殊环境中腹足纲物种多样性进行了总结,对中国软体动物腹足纲从近海至深海的分类现状进行研究论述。 相似文献
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采用X射线衍射技术,初步研究了网纹藤壶(Balanus reticulates Utinomi)壳板矿化结构特征,并采用钙黄绿素法、钙-羧酸指示剂法和铬黑T指示剂三种方法测量了来自不同海域藤壶壳板的碳酸钙含量。实验发现,网纹藤壶壳板中的矿化组织主要由方解石构成,碳酸钙微晶体排列有一定的取向,较为复杂。海口和陵水两地藤壶壳板中碳酸钙含量没有显著差异(P<0.05),最大值为93.87%,最小值90.77%。尽管三种碳酸钙含量测量法的结果没有显著性差异(P<0.05),但进一步综合分析发现钙黄绿素法测定结果最为稳定,且简单易操作,可作为首选方法。 相似文献
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This study presents the flow-resistance characteristics of conventional exhalation valves used in underwater diving regulators. Evaluation of such characteristics is essential to quantifying the effect of the main design parameters of these valves on the diver's exhalation effort.Plain, tapered as well as tapered supported valves of different materials have been considered in this study.Valves seats of different geometrical configurations which varied from the simple multi-circular hole seats to the more imaginative Posiden-like seats have been studied. Triangular, multi-quadrant as well as full diaphragm exhalation valves have also been tested in details.New designs of exhalation valves have also been developed and tested in an attempt to define the optimum configuration as well as the best combination of the valve and its seat that would reduce the exhalation effort to a minimum. Among the considered new designs are the vortex and nozzle-assisted exhaust valves.The obtained results show that full diaphragm exhalation valves offer the least breathing resistance followed by the 13-hole Posiden-like exhalation valve, the nozzle-assisted valves and the vortex-assisted valves. Nonetheless, the 2.9-cm diameter plain, unsupported and untapered valve on the six-triangle seat exhibits flow characteristics that are not too far from the most fancy designs.The obtained results presents design guides, for improving the breathing characteristics of the exhalation valves, which can be extremely important to the designers and manufacturers of diving regulators. 相似文献
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D. A. Burns 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):387-406
Tintinnids from the surface plankton of New Zealand coastal waters are illustrated with scanning electron micrographs. Brief notes are given on their taxonomy, and their use of silica grains, diatom valves, and coccoliths in construction of the lorica is discussed. Distributional data are given for each species and these are related to the hydrological regime. 相似文献
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Abstract. When simultaneously presented with equal numbers of four sizes of clumped Mytilus californianus (20, 35, 55 and 85 mm shell length), Pisaster ochraceus (arm length of 70-110mm R) showed a preference for the medium sizes (35 and 55mm length). Prey-size preference was positively correlated with predator size. Mean prey-digestion times (insertion of the stomach, opening of the valves and digestive period) decreased significantly following fiiing of an artificial gape between the valves of mussels. When presented with different sizes of clumped filed mussels, starfish still chose medium mussels, indicating that stomach insertion, valve opening, and digestion rate may not be important constraints determining size selective predation. Measurements of the force required to dislodge mussels from the substratum and conspecifics showed an increasing exponential relationship with mussel size. Size selective feeding may be an energy maximizing and time minimizing strategy, where energy gained from choosing larger mussels is balanced against disproportionately increased costs in energy and time of removing large mussels from the substratum. 相似文献
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Dynamic analysis of wave energy converter by incorporating the effect of hydraulic transmission lines 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A heaving-buoy wave energy converter equipped with hydraulic power take-off is studied in this paper. This wave energy converter system is divided into five subsystems: a heaving buoy, hydraulic pump, pipelines, non-return check valves and a hydraulic motor combined with an electric generator. A dynamic model was developed by considering the interactions between the subsystems in a state space form. The transient pressures caused by starting/stopping the buoy or closing/opening the check valves were predicted numerically using the established model. The simulation results show that transmission line dynamics play a dominant role in the studied wave energy converter system. The length of the pipeline will not only affect the amplitude of the transient pressures but also affect the converted power. The variation of the time-averaged converted electric power with the pipeline length is estimated using the simulation method for the buoy exposed to one irregular sea state. Finally, it is suggested how reduced power efficiency due to the pipelines may be ameliorated. 相似文献
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渤海湾西北岸中全新世埋藏牡蛎礁的硅藻记录及古环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对渤海湾西北岸大吴庄牡蛎礁壳体内部的泥质填充物中硅藻组合的研究,试图探讨该区沉积硅藻组合变化指示的礁体古气候环境变化.分析结果表明,在 7 200～5 600 cal. a BP 整个礁体建造期间,沿岸种 Cyclotella stylorum 是含量最丰富的硅藻种类,其与海水种 Thalassionema nitzschioides 的含量变化指示了礁体生长区河流径流与海水相互作用的强弱波动,主要包括三个阶段:7 200～6 500 cal. a BP,礁体建造初期,礁体受海水影响显著;6 500～5 720 cal. a BP,礁体建造中期,礁体生长区的盐度降低,海水作用减弱,淡水作用增强;5 720～5 600 cal.a BP,礁体建造结束期,礁体生长区的盐度显著降低,礁体受海水影响进一步减弱. 相似文献
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Parameters of community structure (species composition and relative abundance, number of taxa, diversity, evenness, and cell density) were measured for a mudflat diatom community in the Avon‐Heathcote estuary, New Zealand. Fifty three diatom species were identified: 25 taxa (species and varieties) are new New Zealand records. The Shannon‐Wiener information index (H') was 3.46, indicating high diversity. Evenness (J') ranged from 0.57–0.67. The association between the biomass of the pulmonate gastropod, Amphibola crenata, and benthic diatom community structure was studied using large open enclosures (4.0 m2) to manipulate snail biomass. Community structure was compared at 0, 5 (natural biomass), and 10 g A. crenata dry weight per m. A similarity index (SIMI=0.88–0.95), as well as H’ and J’ indicated close similarity between the diatom assemblages within all enclosures, but number of taxa increased from 33 to 49 with increasing snail biomass. Cell densities were significantly lower at high snail biomass (6088 valves per mm2) compared to enclosures with no snails (10 110 valves per mm ). A. crenata had a higher ratio of diatom fragments to whole diatom valves in its faeces (2.42) than in its crop (0.55), indicating that it is capable of fragmenting diatoms. 相似文献
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F.P. Veitch 《Marine Chemistry》1974,2(1):65-68
This paper describes a method for producing a fistula in oysters by means of which materials may be administered, and samples of pallial fluid removed, without the stress to the animal attendant to forcible opening of the valves or boring of temporary holes. 相似文献
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Franz E. Anderson 《Marine Geology》1973,14(2):101-116
In order to examine sedimentary processes acting on tidal flats, eighteen foot valves were “plumbed” into a small tidal cove in southern New Hampshire. Transport of suspended sediment was determined by comparing concentrations (determined by filtering) at 15 and 30 cm above the tidal flats throughout a tidal cycle. In general, sediment resuspension occurs more readily on the flood tide than the ebb. The concentration of suspended sediment follows the water mass distribution and is affected to a lesser degree by tidal currents and small amplitude waves. Deposition occurs during slack water shortly after high tide primarily in the bottom regime (15 cm); it is probably related to coarser particle sedimentation. The water mass distribution was not a simple rise and fall perpendicular to the bottom contours, but rather followed a slow clockwise gyre. The net effect on the suspended sediments was to impart a “longshore” component of drift to the suspended load during the tidal cycle. 相似文献