共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Formulas for the evaluation of temperature and humidity of air, wind speed, and sensible and latent heat fluxes on the ocean
surface according to the satellite data on the sea-surface temperature and cloudiness are deduced on the basis of the analysis
of many-year radiosonde, meteorological, shipborne, and satellite data. The proposed formulas can also be used for the interpretation
of the results of remote sensing of the ocean and atmosphere by radiometers in the visible, infrared, and microwave regions.
The transformations of radiation and sensible and latent heat fluxes are described depending on the sea-surface temperature
for various cloudiness conditions. The computed values of the amount of water in the atmosphere agree with the radiosonde
data obtained throughout the Earth, including the data of research vessels and stationary weather ships, as well as the data
obtained in the ATEP test ranges and in the Arctic.
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Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 2, pp. 56–70, March–April, 2007. 相似文献
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基于MODIS热红外数据的渤海海冰厚度反演 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Level ice thickness distribution pattern in the Bohai Sea in the winter of 2009–2010 was investigated in this paper using MODIS night-time thermal infrared imagery.The cloud cover in the imagery was masked out manually.Level ice thickness was calculated using MODIS ice surface temperature and an ice surface heat balance equation.Weather forcing data was from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) analyses.The retrieved ice thickness agreed reasonable well with in situ observations from two off-shore oil platforms.The overall bias and the root mean square error of the MODIS ice thickness are –1.4 cm and 3.9 cm,respectively.The MODIS results under cold conditions(air temperature –10°C) also agree with the estimated ice growth from Lebedev and Zubov models.The MODIS ice thickness is sensitive to the changes of the sea ice and air temperature,in particular when the sea ice is relatively thin.It is less sensitive to the wind speed.Our method is feasible for the Bohai Sea operational ice thickness analyses during cold freezing seasons. 相似文献
4.
V. N. Belokopytov 《Physical Oceanography》2011,20(5):347-355
On the basis of the archival hydrological data, recently accumulated data of buoy profilometers, and the array of satellite
data on sea-surface temperature, we estimate the interannual variability of the renewal of waters of the cold intermediate
layer in the Black Sea for the last two decades. We propose a procedure of estimation of the intensity of renewal of waters
for this layer according to the data on sea-surface temperature in the winter period without taking into account the vertical
profiles of temperature. It is indicated that the last 50 yr are characterized by the alternation of periods with different
intensities of ventilation of the upper layer of the sea. We analyze the correlations between the temperature of waters of
the cold intermediate layer and the winter temperature of air (according to the data of meteorological stations located on
the north coast of the Black Sea) and the level of salinity in the surface layer of the sea. The role played by the last factor
is emphasized. 相似文献
5.
A. P. Shevyrnogov M. Yu. Chernetskiy G. S. Vysotskaya 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2013,49(9):1047-1056
It is found that the nonlinear positive Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) trend of mountain taiga in the south of Krasnoyarsk Krai has been negative since 1999–2000. A comparison with the boreal belt of northern Eurasia showed that, though still nonnegative, the positive trend has distinctly decreased to nearly a plateau. A trend analysis of radiation temperature of the surface revealed that the temperature shows a decreasing trend for the selected region of mountainous taiga and an increasing trend for northern Eurasia. We compared air-temperature data from the Yermakovskoe meteorological station to eliminate a preliminary data-processing error. Regression analysis demonstrated a fairly high degree of correlation. Also, we found a quite high degree of correlation between time series and trends of air temperature and NDVI. Trends in air temperature in northern Eurasia according to NCEP-DOE Reanalysis 2 data also confirm the trend found on the basis of satellite data. 相似文献
6.
Atmospheric correction of Landsat data for the retrieval of sea surface temperature in coastal waters 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1IntroductionRemote sensingis an effective approach for esti-mation of the sea surface temperature(SST),andadvanced very high resolution radiometer(AVHRR)and moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS)thermal infared(TIR)data are widelyused in th… 相似文献
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V. A. Alexeev V. V. Ivanov I. A. Repina O. Yu. Lavrova S. V. Stanichny 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2016,52(9):1064-1077
We discuss the possibility of detecting deep convection in the Lofoten Basin of the Norwegian Sea based on the eddy structures revealed from the satellite data. Satellite altimetry, SAR imagery, and MODIS satellite spectral radiometer sea-surface temperature (SST) data are used in the analysis, along with the data of oceanographic Argo floats. It is shown that the eddies identified from the satellite data correspond to the convective cells in the same region according to the data of the Argo floats. We consider several examples of the summer eddy and one winter eddy and the corresponding structures in the ocean measured by the Argo floats when they were located close to the identified eddies. As this method develops and improves, it can be used for the analysis of the dynamic of oceanic eddies in the region of the Lofoten Basin, and possibly in other regions with active deep convection. 相似文献
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为了获取海洋连续稳定的气象和水文数据,作者设计了基于Linux的气象水文浮标采集系统,多线程同时测量海面的气象参数（温度、湿度、气压和风速、风向）和海下的水文参数（不同深度的水温和盐度）,监控浮标的电压、漏水和开舱状态,测量和监控原始数据自动备份到系统的数据库,通过CDMA/GPRS或卫星与岸站接收系统通信,实现采集数据实时回传、自动备份和数据补发功能。目前已经在近海和远海各布放2套,气象数据和水文数据采集与接收正常。实验结果表明,该方案解决了近海和远海的海洋气象数据和水文数据的同时采集与传输,具有高度的可扩展性,获取的海洋气象和水文数据连续稳定可靠。 相似文献
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随着遥感技术的迅猛发展,可用于观测海洋内波的数据源越来越丰富。本文基于静止轨道气象卫星连续观测的优势,开展了FY-4A气象卫星海洋内波观测研究。首先计算得到了FY-4A遥感影像耀斑区位置,并基于遥感影像对结果进行了验证;然后,以此为依据选择了适用于内波观测的FY-4A数据,对比了FY-4A与MODIS遥感影像成像的差异,表明了在一定条件下FY-4A遥感影像可观测到海洋内波;最后本文利用FY-4A遥感影像计算了内波的传播速度。本研究表明随着遥感器空间分辨率的提高,静止轨道气象卫星在海洋内波观测方面越来越体现出其优势,为海洋内波的研究提供跟踪观测数据。 相似文献
11.
MODIS (Aqua and Terra) space images of the northwest part of the Pacific Ocean at instants of considerable tsunamis in 2009–2011 have been analyzed. Periodic cloud structures typical for internal gravity waves (IGWs) in the atmosphere have been revealed in the region of the Kuril Islands in five cases. It has been shown that the meteorological conditions observed during those events favored the appearance of such phenomena. The continuous oceanic upwelling in the region of the Kuril–Kamchatka Trench is a favorable factor for IGW generation due to the creation of temperature contrasts observed both in warm and cold seasons between the ground layer of the atmosphere and ocean surface. The estimate of the structure of cloud manifestations of atmospheric waves by satellite images testifies also to the influence of the Kuril Ridge orography on their appearance and propagation over the water area under study. The increase in amplitudes and duration of oscillations caused by the tsunami in the shelf zone can be an auxiliary factor for the IGW generation over coastal territories. 相似文献
12.
根据一套客观分析潜热通量、基于绕岛理论诊断的南海贯穿流(LST)、南海热含量等月平均资料,分析南海表层潜热通量的年际和年代际变化特征。南海地区的潜热通量冬季强,春季的潜热通量弱;在秋冬季节,南海北部的潜热通量远大于南部;夏季南海潜热通量南部高于北部;从20世纪80年代初潜热通量逐渐增加。使用EOF经验正交分解,M-K检验方法分析南海潜热通量的多时间尺度变化,前3个模态的方差贡献率分别为:53.01%(主要为长期趋势)、17.4%(年代际变化)、6.71%(年际变化)。分析表明在年际尺度上南海贯穿流(LST)减少导致南海海表温度(SST)增温幅度上升,海气温差比湿差减小,从而导致潜热释放减少,潜热通量呈负异常;反之LST进入南海增多,海气温差比湿差变大,导致南海潜热损失减少,潜热通量呈正异常。 相似文献
13.
南海潜热交换年际与年代际变化的分析探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据一套客观分析潜热通量、基于绕岛理论诊断的南海贯穿流(LST)、南海热含量等月平均资料,分析南海表层潜热通量的年际和年代际变化特征。南海地区的潜热通量冬季强,春季的潜热通量弱;在秋冬季节,南海北部的潜热通量远大于南部;夏季南海潜热通量南部高于北部;从20世纪80年代初潜热通量逐渐增加。使用EOF经验正交分解,M-K检验方法分析南海潜热通量的多时间尺度变化,前3个模态的方差贡献率分别为:53.01%(主要为长期趋势)、17.4%(年代际变化)、6.71%(年际变化)。分析表明在年际尺度上南海贯穿流(LST)减少导致南海海表温度(SST)增温幅度上升,海气温差比湿差减小,从而导致潜热释放减少,潜热通量呈负异常;反之LST进入南海增多,海气温差比湿差变大,导致南海潜热损失减少,潜热通量呈正异常。 相似文献
14.
On the basis of observational data on daily mean surface air temperature (SAT) and sea ice concentration (SIC) in the Barents Sea (BS), the characteristics of strong positive and negative winter SAT anomalies in Moscow have been studied in comparison with BS SIC data obtained in 1949–2016. An analysis of surface backward trajectories of air-particle motions has revealed the most probable paths of both cold and warm air invasions into Moscow and located regions that mostly affect strong winter SAT anomalies in Moscow. Atmospheric circulation anomalies that cause strong winter SAT anomalies in Moscow have been revealed. Changes in the ways of both cold and warm air invasions have been found, as well as an increase in the frequency of blocking anticyclones in 2005–2016 when compared to 1970–1999. The results suggest that a winter SIC decrease in the BS in 2005–2016 affects strong winter SAT anomalies in Moscow due to an increase in the frequency of occurrence of blocking anticyclones to the south of and over the BS. 相似文献
15.
A new 0.1° gridded daily sea surface temperature(SST) data product is presented covering the years 2003–2015. It is created by fusing satellite SST data retrievals from four microwave(Wind Sat, AMSR-E, ASMR2 and HY-2 A RM)and two infrared(MODIS and AVHRR) radiometers(RMs) based on the optimum interpolation(OI) method. The effect of including HY-2 A RM SST data in the fusion product is studied, and the accuracy of the new SST product is determined by various comparisons with moored and drifting buoy measurements. An evaluation using global tropical moored buoy measurements shows that the root mean square error(RMSE) of the new gridded SST product is generally less than 0.5℃. A comparison with US National Data Buoy Center meteorological and oceanographic moored buoy observations shows that the RMSE of the new product is generally less than 0.8℃. A comparison with measurements from drifting buoys shows an RMSE of 0.52–0.69℃. Furthermore, the consistency of the new gridded SST dataset and the Remote Sensing Systems microwave-infrared SST dataset is evaluated, and the result shows that no significant inconsistency exists between these two products. 相似文献
16.
K. A. Rogachev 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2012,48(9):993-998
Eddies with diameters of 4–40 km are formed near headlands running out into the sea in bays of the Shantar Archipelago. Such eddies play an important part in the dispersion of ice and plankton. The formation of these eddies is studied based on satellite and marine observations. To construct velocity vectors, images from the Aqua and Terra satellites were used (the data of channel 1 of the MODIS radiometer with a spatial resolution of 250 m). The measurements of currents were made by sequential satellite images with an interval of about 100 min. Large ice floes were chosen to determine currents by satellite data. Vectors of ice displacement were constructed and their velocities were calculated for each pair of images. The flow convergence is estimated using these data. The marine observations include direct observations of currents and CTD data. The observations of currents were obtained with electromagnetic meters mounted on anchored buoys. The results of direct observations point to tidal currents as the main mechanism for the formation of short-lived but regular convergence regions associated with headland eddies. 相似文献
17.
Effects of surface waves and sea spray on air–sea fluxes during the passage of Typhoon Hagupit 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Air–sea exchange plays a vital role in the development and maintenance of tropical cyclones(TCs). Although studies have suggested the dependence of air–sea fluxes on surface waves and sea spray, how these processes modify those fluxes under TC conditions have not been sufficiently investigated based on in-situ observations.Using continuous meteorological and surface wave data from a moored buoy in the northern South China Sea,this study examines the effects of surface waves and sea spray on air–sea fluxes during the passage of Typhoon Hagupit. The mooring was within about 40 km of the center of Hagupit. Surface waves could increase momentum flux to the ocean by about 15%, and sea spray enhanced both sensible and latent heat fluxes to the atmosphere,causing Hagupit to absorb 500 W/m~2 more heat flux from the ocean. These results have powerful implications for understanding TC–ocean interaction and improving TC intensity forecasting. 相似文献
18.
介绍了一种将大气效应考虑在内、利用Landsat TM、ETM+热红外数据进行近海岸海表水温反演的单窗算法.在该算法中,将地表气温、相对湿度等常规气象资料作为初始参数,根据对流层中大气温度随高度呈线性降低、水汽随高度呈指数衰减的规律,建立了估算平均大气温度及水汽含量的通用模式.通过与实测数据及MODIS Terra海表水温产品比较发现,该算法能够提高运用TM/ETM+TIR单波段数据进行近岸海表水温(SST)反演的精度:一方面,反演所得结果更接近于海表实际水温;另一方面,它在一定程度上剔除大气中的水汽对SST反演的影响,进而提高海表水温的温度对比度.该提出的大气校正算法只需地表大气温度及相对湿度资料,该算法也无需进行大气模式的界定. 相似文献
19.
Impact of the winter cooling on the variability of the thermohaline characteristics of the active layer in the Black Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The influence of the winter atmospheric forcing on the interannual variability of the Black Sea’s active layer’s thermohaline
structure during 1982–2008 is investigated. The results are based on the combined analysis of the hydrological measurements
from a ship, satellite measurements of the sea’s surface temperature (SST), and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data for the surface
air temperature (SAT). A high correlation between the variability of the winter mean SST/SAT and the thermohaline characteristics
of the active layer during the following warm season was found. It is shown that the winter atmospheric forcing significantly
affects the variability of the temperature, salinity, and density down to the 150–200 m depth, and this has to be considered
in the analysis of the interannual and long-term variability of the Black Sea’s active layer. 相似文献
20.
南海东北部冬季表面环流的卫星红外遥感观测研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据 1 989～ 1 993年美国 NOAA系列卫星 (NOAA- 1 1、 1 2 )经过南海上空时所获取的数幅较完整的 AVHRR传感器映像资料 ,并结合 1 992年 3月 8日～ 2 7日在南海东北部海域现场观测所获的 CTD资料 ,揭示并讨论了发生在该海域的一些物理海洋学现象。结果表明 ,利用卫星映像和现场观测资料来分析和研究南海中的物理海洋学问题有着较好的互补性。卫星映像产生的海面温度场的分布基本上反映了现场观测的结果。通过对两者的综合分析 ,给出了一幅南海东北部冬季表面环流的形势图 相似文献