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1.
利用平板涂布法从南海海绵生物样品中分离海绵共栖细菌,以枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌及酿酒酵母作为实验用指示菌对海绵共栖细菌进行了抗菌活性筛选。利用气相质谱联用仪(GC-MS)建立了群体感应信号分子酰基高丝氨酸内酯类化合物(AHLs)的检测方法,分析了活性菌株粗提液中信号分子的产生及种类。同时采用16S rDNA同源性和系统发育分析对活性菌株进行种属鉴定和系统发生学研究。结果表明,在分离到的94株海绵共栖细菌中18株(占19.1%)细菌具有抗菌活性。通过GC-MS检测确定大多数活性菌株都含有AHLs,因此提出了海绵共栖细菌抗菌活性与群体感应之间可能存在必然联系的推测。通过细菌分类鉴定,结果显示具有抗菌活性的细菌大部分属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)。 相似文献
2.
利用平板涂布法从南海海绵生物样品中分离海绵共栖细菌,以枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌及酿酒酵母作为实验用指示菌对海绵共栖细菌进行了抗菌活性筛选。利用气相质谱联用仪(GC-MS)建立了群体感应信号分子酰基高丝氨酸内酯类化合物(AHLs)的检测方法,分析了活性菌株粗提液中信号分子的产生及种类。同时采用16S rDNA同源性和系统发育分析对活性菌株进行种属鉴定和系统发生学研究。结果表明,在分离到的94株海绵共栖细菌中18株(占19.1%)细菌具有抗菌活性。通过GC-MS检测确定大多数活性菌株都含有AHLs,因此提出了海绵共栖细菌抗菌活性与群体感应之间可能存在必然联系的推测。通过细菌分类鉴定,结果显示具有抗菌活性的细菌大部分属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)。 相似文献
3.
海洋生物共栖细菌抑藻活性的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对我国常见赤潮藻种赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)及海洋原甲藻(Prorocentrum micans),通过细胞活体荧光测定方法,研究了15株海洋生物共栖细菌对微藻生长的抑制作用,同时,对它们进行了分子生物学鉴定,分析了其系统发生学关系。结果表明,7株细菌的代谢产物对2种微藻的生长具有不同程度的抑制作用,并表现出一定的选择性,其中3株海洋细菌NJ6-3-2,QD1-2,ATCI02-4的代谢产物对2种赤潮微藻的生长都具有抑制作用。系统发生学分析显示,具有抑藻活性的海洋细菌中有4株(NJ6-3-1,QD1-2,SSN-6,SS6-4)属于-γproteobac-teria分支,另外3株(NJ5-7-1,NJ6-3-2,ATCI02-4)属于Gram 细菌。 相似文献
4.
对实验室培养的两株海洋微藻海洋卡盾藻和中肋骨条藻的可培养细菌进行了分离鉴定，分别在海洋卡盾藻和硅藻中肋骨条藻不同生长时期分离得到48株和34株可培养细菌，去除重复序列后得到12株不同的菌株。这些菌株分属α-变形杆菌纲、γ-变形杆菌纲、拟杆菌和放线菌。α-变形杆菌纲在两种藻的藻际环境中占据优势，其中红杆菌科是最为常见的科，中肋骨条藻的藻际细菌比海洋卡盾藻更为多样化。海洋卡盾藻生长后期细菌密度大幅度上升，可能导致了藻细胞的衰亡。中肋骨条藻相关细菌中有一株对旋链角毛藻的生长具有明显抑制作用，而大部分海洋卡盾藻相关细菌对角毛藻的生长具有抑制作用。本研究结果说明海洋卡盾藻的藻际细菌也许对其与硅藻的种间竞争中具有一定作用。 相似文献
5.
群体感应是一种细菌细胞间的通讯过程, 细菌通过测量细胞外自诱导剂浓度从而感知群体细胞密度变化。群体感应使细菌能够在两种基因表达模式下转换: 在低细胞密度时有利于个体发展, 而在高细胞密度时则有利于群体发展。目前主要有7种群体感应通路, 分别以oligopeptides、AHL(Acylated Homoserine Lactones)、AI-2(Autoinducer-2)、CAI-1(Cholera Autoinducer-1)、PQS(Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal)、AI-3(Autoinducer-3)以及DSF(Diffusible Signal Factor)作为各群体感应通路的信号分子; 其中oligopeptides存在于革兰氏阳性细菌中, 其余6种信号分子存在于革兰氏阴性细菌中。弧菌是导致人类感染和水产品污染的主要病原菌, 传统的抗生素治疗弧菌感染具有很强的选择压力, 导致越来越多耐药弧菌出现。面对愈发严峻的弧菌耐药性问题, 目前群体感应淬灭被认为是治疗弧菌感染的重要替代手段之一, 因而有必要调查弧菌属细菌不同群体感应通路的分布情况, 为针对弧菌的群体感应淬灭剂研发提供重要参考信息。通过比较基因组学分析, 发现全基因组测序的46株弧菌存在AHL、AI-2以及CAI-1这3种信号分子通路, 其中5株弧菌均含有上述3种信号分子通路, 共有30株弧菌只含有AI-2和CAI-1两种信号分子通路; 而46株弧菌都不存在PQS、AI-3以及DSF群体感应通路。此外, 弧菌群体感应通路的分布与物种进化有关, 含有同种群体感应信号分子通路的弧菌, 其亲缘关系较近, 说明该通路的基因进化自它们的共同祖先。本研究表明开发针对弧菌的群体感应淬灭剂应以AI-2和CAI-1两种信号分子介导的通路作为靶点。 相似文献
6.
几种海洋溶藻菌溶藻效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择海南三亚红沙港易发赤潮--塔马亚历山大藻(Alexandriumtamarense)和中肋骨条藻(Skeletonemacostatum)做为实验藻类,从三亚红沙港海域筛选的海洋细菌中分离出一株溶藻细菌,编号为B7和已发现具有抑藻作用的:恶臭假单胞菌、铜绿假单胞菌、巨大芽孢杆菌作为实验材料与两种藻共同培养表现的牛态关系的差异性.结果表明:在实验室条件下,分别在藻细胞生长的延滞期和指数期加入细菌过滤液,发现4种海洋细菌的过滤液对两种藻生长有不同的抑制作用效果.同时文中对海洋细菌抑藻作用机理、赤潮的生物防治可能性进行了讨论. 相似文献
7.
用L-高丝氨酸内酯的氢溴酸盐与酰氯在Schotten-Baumann条件下反应,合成了6种N-酰基-L-高丝氨酸内酯类(AHLs)信号分子:N-丁酰基-L-高丝氨酸内酯、N-己酰基-L-高丝氨酸内酯、N-辛酰基-L-高丝氨酸内酯、N-癸酰基-L-高丝氨酸内酯、N-十二酰基-L-高丝氨酸内酯和N-十四酰基-L-高丝氨酸内酯,通过红外、核磁共振仪、气相-质谱联用仪对所有化合物进行了结构表征和纯度分析。同时检测合成的6种化合物对污损硅藻-柱鞘藻(Cylindrothecasp.)生长的影响,结果表明:合成的信号分子除侧链最短的N-丁酰基-L-高丝氨酸内酯外,其它在高浓度下均能抑制柱鞘藻的生长,其中C12-HSL和C14-HSL在较低浓度下对柱鞘藻的生长也具有明显的抑制效应。 相似文献
8.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(11)
小球藻是一种重要的资源微藻,在水产养殖、生物能源和功能型保健食品等领域都有广泛的应用。小球藻藻际共栖细菌产生的群感信号分子N-酰基-高丝氨酸内酯类化合物(N-acyl-homoserine lactones,AHLs)不仅可以调控细菌的生物学功能,还能影响藻类的生命活动,常会引起小球藻高密度培养系统崩溃,因此研究AHLs对小球藻生理代谢的影响和机理具有重要的现实意义。本研究采用批次培养的方法,研究了100、200、400mmol/L C10-HSL(N-癸酰-L-高丝氨酸内酯)对普通海水小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)PSⅡ光化学活性与生化指标(SOD、CAT、GPx和Mg2+-ATPase)的影响。结果显示:在C10-HSL作用下,小球藻PSⅡ光化学活性指标——最大光能转化效率Fv/Fm、实际光能转化效率Yeild及表观光合电子传递效率ETR均明显下降,而且C10-HSL对Yeild的影响强于对Fv/Fm的作用;小球藻SOD、CAT、GPx和Mg2+-ATPase活性均大致呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,但峰值出现时间不同,C10-HSL对生化指标的影响均未表现随时间规律变化的剂量-效应关系。本研究阐明了AHLs对小球藻光合生理、抗氧化酶系统和能量代谢的影响规律,暗示AHLs引发的氧化损伤以及能量代谢紊乱可能是造成小球藻培养体系崩溃的重要原因,实验结果为小球藻无菌化健康培养与养殖体系优化提供了一定的依据。 相似文献
9.
不同适温海洋富油微藻在富碳培养条件下的油脂积累特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本实验分别针对3株低温藻株:微拟球藻Nannochloropsis sp.ZL-12、四爿藻Tetraselmis chui ZL-33和小球藻Chlorellasp.ZL-45,3株中温藻株:球等鞭金藻Isochrysis galbana CCMM5001、等鞭金藻Isochrysis sp.CCMM5002和微拟球藻Nannochloropsis sp.CCMM7001,3株高温藻株:微拟球藻Nannochloropsis sp.JN1、绿色巴夫藻Pavlova viridis JN2和海洋小球藻Chlorellasp.JN3,研究了在通入0.03%(空气)、5%、10%3个CO2浓度梯度条件下的生长特性,同时考察了其总酯及中性脂的累积情况。结果显示,富碳培养有利于不同温度条件下9株藻株的生长,除微拟球藻Nannochloropsis sp.CCMM7001最适生长的CO2浓度为5%外,其余8株藻株最适生长的CO2浓度均为10%。在低温和高温条件下,6株海洋富油微藻在通入10%CO2时具有最大生物量产率,在中温条件下球等鞭金藻和等鞭金藻在通入10%CO2时获得最大生物量产率,而微拟球藻在通入5%时获得最大生物量产率,随着CO2浓度的增加,9株藻株的总脂含量和中性脂含量有明显提高。低温和中温藻株的总脂含量高于高温藻株的总脂含量,从中性脂的累积规律来看,9株藻株均在平台期的累积达到最大值,GC-MS分析结果表明,9株微藻适合制备生物柴油的C14~C18系脂肪酸相对含量在不同CO2条件下基本保持不变,维持在90%左右。实验结果显示,所研究的藻株作为富油高固碳优良藻株,具备用于海洋生物质能耦合CO2减排开发的潜力。 相似文献
10.
分子印迹技术用于海洋微生物生物碱活性成分的发现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以harmine为模板分子,并以甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,合成分子印迹聚合物(molecularly imprinted polymer,MIP).将其作为固相萃取材料,对1株海洋共栖细菌Pseudoalteromonas sp. NJ6-3-1次级代谢产物的活性成分进行选择性提取,得到harmine及与harmine结构相似的生物碱.实验结果表明,分子印迹技术是选择性分离提取海洋微生物中活性成分的有效方法. 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
14.
Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
15.
16.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
17.
Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
18.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献
19.
This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35-70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25-40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6-0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1-1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner. 相似文献
20.
Particulate samples were collected from the Changjiang river system during a flood period, in May 1997, and POC, stable isotope and lipids associated with particles were examined. Results showed the decrease (0.84% ～ 1.88%) of organic carbon content from the upper reaches to the estuary.δ13C values of particulate organic carbon was in the range of -24.9×10-3 to -26.6×10-3, which were close to the isotopic signature of continental C3 vegetation. Total particulate n-alkanes concentrations varied from 1.4 to 10.1μg/dm3,or from 23.7 to 107μg/g of total suspended matter. Fatty acids were present in all the samples, from 1.4 to 5.4μg/dm3, with saturated and unsaturated straight-chain and branched compounds in the carbon number range from C12 to C30. Both δ13C and the ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content indicate the predominance of terrestrial inputs (soil organic matter) among the particles. The biomarker approach has been used to identify the relative portion of terrigenous and autochthonous fraction in the particulate samples. The distribution of fatty acids suggests a striking phytoplanktonic and microbial signal in most particle samples. The terrestrial alkanes are used to estimate the contribution of terrestrial inputs along the mainstream. 相似文献