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大河河口的动力沉积过程一直是陆海相互作用研究的核心内容,其中水体泥沙的垂向交换是河口动力-沉积机制分析中的关键环节。基于2011年12月对长江河口及其邻近海湾采集的大范围、高密度的近底层悬沙、海床表层1~2cm(表层沉积物)和垂向向下约2~10cm的沉积物(次表层沉积物)同步3组303个样品,利用经验正交函数方法,对河口地区的悬沙和沉积物交换过程进行研究。结果表明:近底层水体悬沙的空间分布模式主要以粉砂粒级为主,空间分布差异性不大;表层及次表层沉积物的空间分布模式相似,但较近底层水体悬沙的分布复杂,存在明显的区域性特征,其中南汇边滩水域中部辐散区的沉积物表现为粗粉砂-细砂模式,其他区域由粉砂组分模式组成。近底层水体悬沙、表层和次表层沉积物的第一模态主要反映了粒径较细的泥沙运动,第二模态主要反映了粒径较粗的泥沙运动。在近底层水体悬沙与表层沉积物的垂向交换中,主要交换粒级为粉砂组分粒级。在表层沉积物与次表层沉积物的垂向交换中,南汇边滩中部辐散区的主要交换粒级为粗粉砂-细砂组分粒级,其他区域主要为粉砂组分粒级。 相似文献
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杭州湾口南汇咀近岸水域水沙特征与通量 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
南汇咀近岸水域是长江口与杭州湾交汇以及近岸水沙交换的重要地带。根据杭州湾口北部南汇咀-崎岖列岛断面上6个测站1999年1～2月大、中、小潮海流与悬沙含量的现场同步观测资料，阐述了该断面上潮流和悬沙浓度的分布变化特征，并通过断面进出潮通量和悬沙通量的计算，得出该断面以出水出沙为主要特征，与余流方向一致。分析表明，长江口与杭州湾的水沙交换是复杂的，而间接交换是其主要的方式。 相似文献
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长江河口南汇潮滩泥沙输移规律探讨 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
南汇潮滩位于长江口与杭州湾落潮合流和涨潮分流的缓流区,滩面宽阔,滩坡平缓,平面形态呈犁头型.潮滩两侧潮位有显著差别,导致潮滩泥沙纵向输移.不同滩面高程水沙条件各异,潮间带涨潮流速、含沙量均大于落潮,呈涨潮流优势,净输沙向陆,大量泥沙在浅滩上落淤.深水区呈落潮流优势,净输沙向海.浅滩与附近深水部分存在二组平面输沙环流系统,导致滩槽之间、长江口和杭州湾之间的泥沙交换.向岸大风浪掀沙明显,引起滩面增长,横断面形成垂向输沙环流系统,加速潮滩的塑造过程. 相似文献
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2012年1月在长江口北港、北槽和南槽水域纵断面开展枯季多船准同步观测,将获得的大小潮悬浮泥沙和盐度数据与1982年12月同水域调查结果进行对比分析。结果表明:2012年长江口最大浑浊带枯季悬沙浓度比1982年减小了约50%;北港、北槽、南槽相近测点的大潮垂向平均悬沙浓度相较于1982年分别减小了43%、60%和40%,2012年长江口表层平均悬沙浓度与1982年相比减少了约53%。北港断面浑浊带核心与1982年浑浊带核心位置相近;北槽浑浊带核心向内迁移;南槽浑浊带核心位置向外迁移。2012年与1982年枯季遥感反演的长江口同水域表层悬浮泥沙浓度也明显降低。在30年来入海泥沙持续减少背景下,长江口3条入海主汊的最大浑浊带特征依旧显著,径流与潮流的此消彼长、径流的季节分配不同以及口内汊道分流分沙比的变化影响了长江口最大浑浊带核心的移动,浑浊带悬沙浓度最高的地段也是盐度梯度最高的地区。 相似文献
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最大浑浊带水体悬沙时空变化过程是河口沉积动力学研究的核心内容之一。利用2013年6月16—24日在长江口南槽最大浑浊带自小潮至大潮连续9天的逐时定点水文及悬沙观测资料，分析南槽最大浑浊带悬沙垂向变化特征及影响机制，由此加深对长江口最大浑浊带形成及变化的理解。主要结果包括：(1)南槽最大浑浊带悬沙平均粒径为3.52～18.84μm。从小潮到大潮、从表层水体到底层水体，悬沙粒径逐渐增大，水体含沙量逐渐增大，含沙量为0.12～2.29 g/L。(2)水体流速呈现自下而上、自小潮到大潮逐渐增大的态势，与悬沙粒径的关联度较好；而水体盐度呈现自上而下、自小潮到大潮逐渐增大的态势，与悬沙含量的关联度较好。(3)南槽最大浑浊带水体悬沙垂向变化涵括两种控制机制：涨落潮作用引起的底沙再悬浮控制水体悬沙约7 h的周期性变化；涨潮流挟带的口外泥沙絮凝形成的絮团在涨潮流和重力作用的影响下引起水体悬沙出现约14 h的周期性变化特征。 相似文献
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长江河口最大浑浊带的悬沙输移特征 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
根据１９８８年洪、枯季在和长江口南、北槽进行的最大浑浊带专项水文观测的资料，对悬沙输移的分项因子进行研究。结果表明，长江口最大浑浊带的悬沙输移过程存在明显的潮泵效应及强烈的悬沙、底沙双向交换；长江口南、北槽之间存在一个大尺度的平面环向悬沙输移，同时南、北槽自身还有次一级尺度的槽内平面环向悬沙输移。本文还探讨了最大浑浊带与拦门浅滩相互影响、彼此制约的关系。 相似文献
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本文根据实测资料,通过悬沙浓度ρ、流速v和水深H的对应分析,得出了三门湾的悬沙浓度分布遵循着ρ∝f(v~2/H)的规律;同时发现湾外海域有着良好的将悬沙输移入湾的动力条件,是三门湾悬沙来源的主要场所;经全潮单宽净输沙量计算表明:进出海域的悬沙净输移量不大,全湾的悬沙输移具有深槽输向边滩、南进北出的趋势,与口外海域的泥沙存在着活跃的交换。通过摩阻流速计算得到三门湾变化的总趋势是:深槽略受冲刷,滩涂缓慢淤涨,入湾通道处于动态平衡中。 相似文献
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根据2015年1月与2017年5月两期大潮期27小时海流连续同步观测及悬浮泥沙资料,利用Morlet小波分析与单宽悬沙通量机制分解法,结合潮流场特征,分析了龙口湾海域悬浮泥沙的时空分布特征,研究了潮流作用下的悬沙输运机制。结果表明,平面上,悬沙浓度在龙口湾内较低,湾口、湾外海域的的悬沙浓度相对较高;垂向上,研究区整体表现为悬沙浓度由底层向表层递减。潮周期尺度上,悬浮泥沙浓度峰值较流速峰值存在0.5～2 h的时间滞后;悬浮泥沙浓度在时间上的变化以12～16 h尺度为主要周期。季节尺度上,1月悬沙浓度远远大于5月。研究区内单宽输沙通量为1.21～239.77 g·s-1·m-1,整体上悬沙通量呈现出湾口最高、湾外开阔海域其次、湾内最低的分布格局。平流输运项(T1+T2)在悬沙输移中占绝对优势,潮致余流在悬沙输运起主要作用。季节上,1月份单宽输沙通量远远高于5月份,整体呈现出夏季落淤储沙而冬季再悬浮输沙的季节性输运特征。湾外海域悬浮泥沙大致向SW、S向输运,屺坶岛以北海域沿W、SW向屺坶岛头输运,进入湾内后,悬浮泥沙的输运沿人工岛北侧和西侧分为两支。研究区内,在海流、地形等的综合作用下,整体表现为由渤海向莱州湾的净输沙趋势。 相似文献
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1994年11月24-25日（枯季），在长江口南部水域内，对2个定点，2个段面（24个站位）进行了水流流速，盐度及悬沙浓度观测，而后，分别绘制出：（1）水流流速、盐度和悬沙浓度沿水深，时间变化过程组；（2）各层水流流速、流向随时间变化过程图。结果表明：1）实测水流流速、盐度及悬沙浓度垂向，水平分布具不连续性，表明了次级羽状锋的存在；2）在枯季，相对于径流、波浪而言，外海潮流对长江口次级羽状锋的影响占主导作用；3）次级羽状锋可能使得悬沙在南汇东滩附近大量淤积；4）次级羽状锋在长江口与杭州湾之间的水沙交换中起着一定作用。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献