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由量纲分析导出海面粗糙度与波龄及海面涌浪的状况有关,并对与波龄和波陡有关的两种海面粗糙度模型方案进行了敏感性测试,得出利用波龄模型方案计算粗糙度的误差比利用波陡模型方案小。基于国际上6个不同水深、风区和海况条件的海气交换试验资料,将其分为两组,一组是纯风海或以风海为主海况条件,另一组是以涌浪为主海况条件,测试波龄、波陡模型海面粗糙度方案在不同试验条件下的适用性。结果得出:在各种海况条件下,波龄模型粗糙度方案比波陡模型具有更好的普适性。在纯风海或以风海为主海况条件下,PS07,DGHQ03方案计算的粗糙度长度与实测资料计算结果最接近,GW06方案次之,O02方案计算结果明显偏高;涌浪为主海况条件下两种模型方案计算的粗糙度长度均偏低,O02方案计算的粗糙度长度误差相对较小,TY01方案误差最大。 相似文献
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黄河口潮滩以其悬浮沉积物浓度高而闻名。但是，目前对其高浓度悬浮沉积物的控制因素和来源的了解尚不清晰。因此，本文基于黄河口潮滩上为期7天的水动力(水深，波高和水流速度)和悬浮沉积物浓度观测，对黄河口潮滩不同海况下悬浮沉积物的控制因素和来源进行分析。数据显示，在大部分时间里，黄河口潮滩处于1级海况下(波高小于0.1m)，SSC的变化范围为0.1-3.5 g/L，潮流的沉积物输运为悬浮沉积物的主要来源。但是，当水动力作用增强并且导致海底发生大规模侵蚀时，再悬浮沉积物成为了悬浮沉积物的主要来源，水体中的悬浮沉积物浓度可达到17.3 g/L。我们发现悬浮泥沙通量主要受平流输运的控制，而波浪引起的切应力也可通过影响悬浮泥沙浓度影响悬浮泥沙通量的变化。在观测期间， 1级海况下，流致再悬浮沉积物浓度(RSC)大于波致RSC。与此相反，在2级海况下，波致RSC大于流致RSC，例如，在观测期间出现的单个波浪事件导致6小时内海床被侵蚀了11.8 cm。该研究揭示了河控河流三角洲潮滩附近高悬浮沉积物浓度的不同控制因素，并有助于我们更好地了解三角洲的沉积和侵蚀机制。 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2016,(3)
通过实时观测黄河口洪季(9月)潮滩潮周期内悬沙浓度和波潮流等水动力因素的变化,并结合边界层悬浮物剖面测量仪(ASM-4)数据,讨论了悬沙浓度在潮周期内的变化及其影响因素,计算了再悬浮通量、分析了悬沙浓度的垂向分布特征。结果表明,一级海况下海流对再悬浮的贡献较大,二级海况下波浪对再悬浮的贡献较大。观测点悬沙浓度多以浓度峰的形式出现,既有潮流冲刷床面所引起的悬沙浓度峰,也存在由波致再悬浮和潮流输运所引起的悬沙浓度峰。 相似文献
4.
海气热通量算法的改进及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
COARE模型是国际上常用的计算海气热通量的算法,其风速适用范围可达20m/s,但未包含飞沫等高风速下的影响因子,将其直接扩展到20m/s以上风速的海况存在不合理性。本文提出了适合各种风速条件下的包含飞沫影响的海面动力粗糙度长度参数化方案,并利用该方案改进了COARE 3.0模型。利用南海浮标的观测数据,根据改进的COARE 3.0模型计算了海气热通量,分析了飞沫对海气热通量的影响。结果表明,在0～20m/s风速范围内,感热通量与潜热通量主要由海气温差和海气湿差决定,与波龄的相关性很小,飞沫对热通量无显著影响。当风速大于20m/s,感热通量和潜热通量与海气温差和海气湿差的相关性减小,与波龄的相关性增加,潜热通量与波龄呈现负相关。考虑飞沫的效应后,总热通量明显增加,飞沫所增加的感热通量平均可占界面感热通量的38.89%,飞沫所增加的潜热通量平均占界面潜热通量的39.19%。 相似文献
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海洋-大气二氧化碳通量的观测技术 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
大范围稳定地获取海洋-大气系统中二氧化碳的精确数据,是海洋科学、大气科学以及全球变化科学和可持续发展科学计划中的重要任务.准确评估海-气CO2通量需要对海洋和大气中相关参数的同步精确连续观测,需要发展和建立海-气CO2通量的立体观测平台.该观测平台包括岸基、船基、航空、卫星和浮标等系统,主要技术包括走航大气和海水观测技术、浮标海-气CO2通量观测技术、极区海洋-大气CO2通量的观测技术和遥感海洋-大气CO2通量观测和评估技术. 相似文献
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Truss Spar平台垂荡响应频域分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
利用已有水动力试验和数值模拟结果及Morison方程,简化估计了Truss Spar平台垂荡方向水动力贡献,快速有效地预报了平台极端海况下的垂荡响应.在频域内分别采用数值迭代计算和粘滞阻尼线性化方法得到了平台在不同数量垂荡板配置下的垂荡响应幅值算子.在墨西哥湾、西非和中国南海等3种不同地区极端海况以及墨西哥湾工作状态海况下计算了平台的响应极值,分析发现平台波频垂荡响应对入射波浪周期非常敏感.采用JONSWAP波能谱得到了Truss Spar平台垂荡响应谱.通过比较和参数分析,验证了平台在设计上的合理性与实际海况下良好的垂荡运动性能. 相似文献
9.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(7)
采用姿态校正法、滤波法、改进滤波法以及耗散法等方法,分析了北黄海冬季船载涡动相关资料,并结合协谱分析研究了不同方法对海气通量观测结果的校正效果。结果显示,船体运动对动量通量观测结果有明显影响,对感热、潜热等通量观测结果的影响很小。关于动量通量,对定点观测资料采用姿态校正法与耗散法可以得到比较合理的结果,而对走航观测资料各种校正方法的处理结果均存在一定的不确定性。滤波法在校正船体运动影响的同时,也去除了海洋大气中存在的与船体运动同频率的真实湍流脉动,改进滤波法可以在一定程度上修正滤波法对协谱的低估,但对湍流通量的估计仍有一定误差。耗散法可以得到比较合理的动量通量,但对感热和潜热通量的估计明显偏大。 相似文献
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海-气CO2通量估算模型中参数的可靠性是决定模型可靠性的重要因素, 也决定了模型估算结果的可靠性, 因此开展海-气CO2通量计算模型中误差传递规律与敏感性分析, 对模型参数端元因子的误差控制, 提高模型预测精度和降低不确定性十分重要。但由于模型中参数众多, 且各种参数间彼此相互影响, 使得误差传递过程与敏感性分析十分复杂困难。本文在海-气界面CO2通量观测建模过程详细分析的基础上, 以海-气界面CO2分压差的经典通量计算模型为基础, 以实测数据通量计算过程为例, 针对模型中的参数变量, 在假设参数变量的误差正态分布的前提下, 利用Monte Carlo手段分析各参数变量的误差在模型中的传递规律, 并将单因子扰动试验法用于海-气界面CO2通量建模的参数敏感性分析。模拟和分析结果表明:CO2通量计算过程中误差经模型传递后的分布规律存在正态分布、指数分布等多种形式;气体交换系数对通量计算结果的敏感性最大, 通量估算中的风速和表层海水温度是必须进行精度控制的关键参数。 相似文献
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Avan N. Antia Bodo von Bodungen Rolf Peinert 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》1999,46(12):501
Results are presented from particle flux studies using sediment trap and current meter moorings along a transect at the European continental margin at 49°N within the EU-funded Ocean Margin Exchange (OMEX) project. Two moorings were placed, at the mid- and outer slope in water depths of 1500 and 3660 m, with traps at 600 and 1050 m and at 580, 1440 and 3220 m, respectively. Residual currents at the mid-slope follow the slope contour, whereas seasonal off-slope flow was registered at the outer slope. At 600 m on the slope fluxes are similar to those in the abyssal North Atlantic. The flux of all components (bulk dry weight, particulate organic and inorganic carbon, lithogenic matter and opal) increased with water depth. Highest fluxes were recorded at 1440 m at the outer slope, where off-slope residual currents mediate particle export. The injection of biogenic and lithogenic particles below the depth of winter mixing results in the export of particles from shallower waters. Calculated lateral fluxes of particulate organic carbon exceed the primary flux by over a factor of 2 at 1440 m on the outer slope. Estimated lateral fluxes of suspended particulate matter in the water column and intermediate nepheloid layers at the outer slope are potentially large compared to sinking fluxes measured by sediment traps. A comparison is made of particle flux at three continental margin sites and two sites in the adjacent open North Atlantic, from which it is seen that bulk and organic matter flux increases exponentially with proximity to the shelf break. The percentage contribution of particulate organic carbon to biogenic fluxes increases from a mean of 5.7% in the abyssal N. Atlantic to 13.9% at the continental margins. 相似文献
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The present paper reports on a study of the interaction of a current-free monochromatic surface wave field with a wave-free uniform current field in a three-dimensional flow frame. The wave and the current fields are not necessarily collinear with each other. The formulation of the wave-current field is done under the assumption of irrotational and inviscid flow. We have developed the three dimensional expressions describing the characteristics of the combined flow in terms of mass, momentum and energy transport conservation. These equations are found efficient to describe the sought-for combined wave-current field. The parameters describing the wave-current field after the interaction are the surface disturbance amplitude and length, mean water depth, mean current-like parameter and direction of the combined flow, which would be calculated from a set of equations that satisfy conservation of mean mass, momentum and energy flux and a dispersion relation on the free surface before and after the interaction. The results are shown in terms of relative changes in wave heights and lengths, current-like parameters and final directions obtained for the combined wave-current field with respect to current-free wave and wave-free current pre-interaction parameters. 相似文献
14.
太平洋海域海气热通量地理分布和时间变化的研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
应用美国宇航局Goddard地球观测系统四维资料同化系统计算和分析了太平洋海域感热通量和潜热通量随时间的变化规律和地理分布特征.研究结果表明,太平洋西北部海域热通量有明显的季节性变化,其余海域这种现象不明显.在太平洋海域总是存在潜热通量最高值区域,而感热通量除冬季20°N以北海域数值稍高外,其余海域数值都很小,没有出现最高值区域.纬度不同热通量随经度的变化规律不同,经度不同,热通量随纬度的分布规律也不同,同时各断面热通量随纬度的分布趋势随季节而改变. 相似文献
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西太平洋暖池区海—气通量计算分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用J.Launiaimen和T.Vihma提出的近地面层湍流通量计算方法,对我国在1992年11月至1993年2月TOGA—COARE—IOP实验中所获资料计算处理。得出所在站位的海一气间显效、潜热及动量通量。指出西大平洋暖池海区游热通量与显效通量之比为10.14:1;风速大于8m/s后各通量随风速的变化率明显增加;动量与热量的块体通量系数Cd和Ce,h随风速变化有相似的规律;Monin—Obukhov大气稳定度参数Z/L与△T/U_(10)之间有较好的统计关系。 相似文献
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I~IOXThe bulk tranSfer method, direct measurement or gradient measurement method are usuallyused for the flux observation and calculation. These methods provide the flux values only in thelOCation where the measurements are carried out. In recent years scientists began to use medelcombined with remote sensing data for the calculation of heat flux. Its main poverty is tO obtainthe flux distribution over the wide ocean area simultaneously. Li Shiming et al. (1997) analyzedthe sensible and la… 相似文献
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Cindy Lee Michael L. Peterson Stuart G. Wakeham Robert A. Armstrong J. Kirk Cochran Juan Carlos Miquel Scott W. Fowler David Hirschberg Aaron Beck Jianhong Xue 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2009,56(18):1420-1436
Prompted by recent data analyses suggesting that the flux of particulate organic carbon sinking into deep waters is determined by fluxes of mineral ballasts, we undertook a study of the relationships among organic matter (OM), calcium carbonate, opal, lithogenic material, and excess aluminum fluxes as part of the MedFlux project. We measured fluxes of particulate components during Spring and Summer of 2003, and Spring of 2005, using a swimmer-excluding sediment trap design capable of measuring fluxes both in a time-series (TS) mode and in a configuration for obtaining particle settling velocity (SV) profiles. On the basis of these studies, we suggest that distinct OM–ballast associations observed in particles sinking at a depth of 200 m imply that the mechanistic basis of the organic matter–ballast association is set in the upper water column above the Twilight Zone, and that the importance of different ballast types follows the seasonal succession of phytoplankton. As in other studies, carbonate appears to enhance the flux of organic matter over opal. Particles must be at least half organic matter before their settling velocity is affected by ballast concentration. This lack of change in ballast composition with SV in particles with <40% OM content suggests that particle SV reaches a maximum because of the increasing importance of inertial drag. Relative amounts of OM and opal decrease with depth due to decomposition and dissolution; carbonates and lithogenic material contribute about the same amount to total mass, or increase slightly, throughout the water column. The high proportion of excess Al cannot be explained by its incorporation into diatom opal or reverse weathering, so Al is most likely adsorbed to particulate oxides. On shorter time scales, dust appears to increase particle flux through its role in aggregation rather than by nutrient inputs enhancing productivity. We suggest that the role of dust as a catalyst in particle formation may be a central mechanism in flux formation in this region, particularly when zooplankton fecal pellet production is low. 相似文献
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Masahisa Kubota Naoto Iwasaka Shoichi Kizu Masanori Konda Kunio Kutsuwada 《Journal of Oceanography》2002,58(1):213-225
We have constructed ocean surface data sets using mainly satellite data and called them Japanese Ocean Flux data sets with
Use of Remote sensing Observations (J-OFURO). The data sets include shortwave radiation, longwave radiation, latent heat flux,
sensible heat flux, and momentum flux etc. This article introduces J-OFURO and compares it with other global flux data sets
such as European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) and National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)
reanalysis data and da Silva et al. (1994). The usual ECMWF data are used for comparison of zonal wind. The comparison is carried out for a meridional profile
along the dateline for January and July 1993. Although the overall spatial variation is common for all the products, there
is a large difference between them in places. J-OFURO shortwave radiation in July shows larger meridional contrast than other
data sets. On the other hand, J-OFURO underestimates longwave radiation flux at low- and mid-latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere.
J-OFURO latent heat flux in January overestimates at 10°N–20°N and underestimates at 25°N–40°N. Finally, J-OFURO shows a larger
oceanic net heat loss at 10°N–20°N and a smaller loss north of 20°N in January. The data of da Silva et al. in July show small net heat loss around 20°S and large gain around 20°N, while the NCEP reanalysis (NRA) data show the opposite.
The da Silva et al. zonal wind speed overestimates at low-latitudes in January, while ECMWF wind data seem to underestimate the easterlies.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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本文讨论Bowen数的意义、功能和计算法。同时,依据多年水文气象实测资料作统计,计算出东中国海的Bo值。其结果绘制成1月至12月的月平均分布图,从而对本海域的Bo分布特点作详细分析介绍。 相似文献
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ZHAI Shikui WANG Xingtao YU Zenghui 《海洋学报(英文版)》2006,25(6):43-51
Research on heat and mass flux yielded by modern seafloor hydrothermal activity is very important, because it is involved not only in the base of ocean environment research, but also in the historical evolution of seawater properties. Currently, estimating heat flux is based on the observation data of hydrothermal smokers, low-temperature diffusive flow and mid-ocean ridge mainly. But there are some faults, for example, there is lack of a concurrent conductive item in estimating the heat flux by smokers and the error between the half-space cooling model and the observation data is too large. So, three kinds of methods are applied to re-estimating the heat flux of hydrothermal activity resepectively, corresponding estimation is 97. 359 GW by hydrothermal smoker and diffusive flow, 84.895 GW by hydrothermal plume, and 4. 11 TW by exponential attenuation method put forward by this paper. Research on mass flux estimation is relatively rare, the main reason for this is insufficient field observation data. Mass fluxes of different elements are calculated using hydrothermal vent fluid data from the TAG hydrothermal area on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge for the first time. Difference of estimations by different methods reflects the researching extent of hydrothermal activity, and systematically in - situ observation will help to estimate the contribution of hydrothermal activity to ocean chemical environment, ocean circulation and global climate precisely. 相似文献