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1.
壬基酚是一种具有雌激素效应的内分泌干扰物,同时具有致癌作用。壬基酚在水环境中广泛存在,但是目前对其有效去除的技术有限。本文研究并比较了海藻酸钠包埋固定的三角褐指藻与悬浮自由藻对海水中壬基酚的去除和降解能力,实验设置了2个壬基酚浓度组,分别为低浓度组(1μg/L)和高浓度组(10μg/L)。结果表明:在2个浓度组中固定化藻细胞和自由藻细胞的细胞密度和叶绿素a浓度在168h的处理时间内均呈现类似的增长趋势;168h后,固定化藻细胞和自由藻细胞对壬基酚的去除率和降解率均达到95%左右。由于固定化藻珠具有易收获、可生产生物能源等优点,因此固定化三角褐指藻更适合于海水中壬基酚的去除。  相似文献   

2.
西瓦湖中壬基酚和双酚A的污染特征   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
本文研究了西瓦湖内外各环境介质 ,包括表层水体、悬浮物、间隙水和沉积物中的壬基酚和双酚 A的浓度分布。结果表明 ,湖内上述介质中的壬基酚浓度分别为 1 7.4~ 1 1 3.4 ng/ L ,1 5 .6~ 2 8.6 ng/ L,2 4 0~ 3890 ng/ L和 5 .6~ 1 6 2 9ng/ g,西瓦湖外的壬基酚浓度则相对较低。表层水体与其他介质中的壬基酚浓度之间存在显著性相关关系。双酚 A的分布特征与壬基酚相似 ,但前者的浓度较低 ,在上述介质中的浓度分别为 1 3.0~ 5 0 .4 ng/ L,3.2~ 8.5 ng/ L,85~ 2 80 ng/ L和 1 .3~1 1 .2 ng/ g。本文还讨论了西瓦湖中的壬基酚和双酚 A污染对当地生物的潜在危害  相似文献   

3.
壬基酚(Nonylphenol,NP)是一种典型的环境内分泌干扰物,具有高亲脂性、难降解性、生物蓄积性和高毒性,其广泛应用引起的环境污染问题越发严重。本研究选取长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)为研究对象,关注壬基酚暴露后长牡蛎免疫相关基因的转录表达变化,以探索壬基酚暴露对海洋贝类免疫系统的影响。实验结果表明:长牡蛎的抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT和GPX)、热休克蛋白(Heat shock proteins,HSP)以及NF-κB蛋白家族有关基因在壬基酚刺激后的表达显著提高。实验初步证明了壬基酚刺激可显著影响长牡蛎免疫相关基因的表达,为以后结合病原刺激实验解析贝类大规模死亡原因打下基础;另一方面,也可为明晰海洋贝类壬基酚胁迫响应机制提供参考。  相似文献   

4.
为分析青岛胶州湾及其邻近河流中的壬基酚(NP)及其短链氧乙烯醚母体化合物、壬基酚单氧乙烯醚(NP1EO)和壬基酚二氧乙烯醚(NP2EO)的污染状况和分布特征,在研究区域内设置了17个站位分别采集了海水和沉积物样品,样品经萃取、浓缩、净化后采用气质联用仪测定各污染物的浓度。胶州湾水体中的NP、NP1EO和NP2EO的浓度分别为20.2-268.7、11.2-200.4和4.8-32.5ng/L。胶州湾沉积物中上述3种污染物的浓度分别为3.6-299.3、3.8-25.2和4.9-103.2ng/g。胶州湾邻近河流中的污染物浓度远远高于湾内,其中墨水河的污染最严重,水体和沉积物中NP的浓度分别达到28656ng/L和31704ng/g。与世界其他海湾NP等污染物的浓度相比,胶州湾属于严重污染地区之一,已经超出了其生物效应临界浓度。研究区域内50%的站位中NP浓度已经超过导致扇贝苗死亡的临界浓度,10%的站位已经超过引起雄性鱼类雌性化的临界浓度。  相似文献   

5.
壬基酚对栉孔扇贝组织抗氧化酶活性的影响   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
研究不同浓度的壬基酚(0.05,0.10,0.20,0.40,0.80,1.60mg/L)对扇贝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响。试验进行6h,24h和48h后,分别测定扇贝鳃和消化盲囊组织中2种酶的活性。结果显示:①鳃组织中,0.05,0.10和0.20mg/L处理组中的SOD和CAT活性在试验6h后被轻度激活,24h和48h后出现抑制;0.40,0.80和1.60mg/L处理组的酶活性在整个试验过程中均被抑制。②消化盲囊中,0.05和0.10mg/L处理组中的SOD和CAT活性在试验6h后被轻度激活,24h和48h后被抑制;0.40,0.80和1.60mg/L处理组在整个试验过程中均被抑制。③扇贝消化盲囊组织中的SOD和CAT活性均高于鳃组织,对壬基酚的敏感性也高于后者。④扇贝消化盲囊和鳃组织中的SOD和CAT活性对壬基酚的反应变化趋势相似,二者结合,可以作为壬基酚污染的生物标志物。  相似文献   

6.
黄河入海口壬基酚污染分布特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
黄河口表、底层水体和沉积物中壬基酚的浓度分布特征研究结果表明,表层水体中壬基酚浓度为15.7~148.6 ng/L,平均值为47.5 ng/L;底层水体中壬基酚浓度为15.8~52.7ng/L,平均值为31.0 ng/L;表层沉积物中壬基酚浓度为2.31~5.47 ng/g,平均浓度为3.87ng/g。黄河口水体中壬基酚浓度呈现由河道向出海口外逐渐降低的趋势;河道中表层沉积物壬基酚含量高于出海口外。黄河口水体中壬基酚浓度低于文献中报道的海河口水体中的浓度,表层沉积物中壬基酚含量低于珠江口文献报道值。水体中壬基酚浓度超过抑制藤壶附着浓度(10 ng/L),河道最上游的站点水体中的浓度超过影响太平洋牡蛎幼苗的发育并增加幼苗死亡率的浓度(100 ng/L)。  相似文献   

7.
本文简述了壬基酚(NP)的来源以及污染现状,综述了各类NP降解菌在不同条件下对NP的降解特性及其代谢产物,归纳了壬基酚可能的生物转化路径和降解机理。研究表明:不同环境中分离出的NP降解菌不同,其对NP的降解性各异,所得到的代谢产物及降解机理也各不同。最后分析了目前研究中存在的问题以及对以后工作的展望。  相似文献   

8.
酚类污染物对金鱼卵黄蛋白原诱导的雌激素效应研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以雌二醇为阳性对照,通过雄性金鱼卵黄蛋白原的诱导实验研究壬基酚、辛基酚、双酚A和2,4-二氯酚4种酚类污染物的雌激素活性,同时探讨金鱼作为实验生物的敏感性。不同浓度梯度的酚类污染物暴露14d后,以酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定金鱼血浆中的卵黄蛋白原含量,同时测定肝脏指数。结果表明,4种酚类污染物均可诱导金鱼体内卵黄蛋白原的合成并且提高其肝脏指数。雌二醇、壬基酚、辛基酚和双酚A诱导雄性金鱼卵黄蛋白原合成的最低可见效应浓度分别为0.005,15,5,10μg/L,且诱导量随暴露浓度的升高呈明显的剂量-效应关系,可以采用Weibull函数进行非线性拟合,其半效应浓度EC50分别为0.078,255.7,79.6和113.4μg/L。2,4-二氯酚诱导能力较弱,最大诱导量比阳性对照组低4个数量级,4种酚类化合物的雌激素活性强弱顺序为辛基酚双酚A壬基酚2,4-二氯酚。可见金鱼可以作为类雌激素化合物筛选和检测的敏感实验生物。  相似文献   

9.
壬基酚、辛基酚、二氯酚和双酚A是水环境中普遍存在的酚类污染物,由于其内分泌干扰活性和致癌性近年来受到广泛的关注.本研究以菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)为受试生物,研究4种典型酚类污染物暴露对其内脏组织和鳃组织中抗氧化酶包括超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)以及解毒酶谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)活性的影响.研究结果表明:壬基酚低浓度处理组(0.05~0.2 mg/L)3种酶活性无显著变化,高浓度处理组(0.4 mg/L),SOD、CAT和GST 3种酶活性均受到显著抑制,抑制率分别为56.6%,59.0%和35.5%.在实验浓度范围(0.05~0.4 mg/L)内,二氯酚能够显著抑制内脏组织CAT活性,双酚A能够显著抑制鳃组织GST活性.3种酶活性变化对于酚类污染物的响应呈现较好的规律性,因此可以作为生物标志物联合指示水体中的酚类污染.  相似文献   

10.
采用换水式毒性试验法研究了壬基酚(nonylphenol)对奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromisniloticus×O.aureus)的急性毒性、遗传毒性效应和对鱼体的器官损伤。结果表明,壬基酚对奥尼罗非鱼的24、48、72和96h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为413.4、351.5、311.2和264.6μg/L,属剧毒物质。与空白对照相比,奥尼罗非鱼血红细胞的核异常率在最低处理浓度(150.0μg/L)下有显著意义的增加,微核率在≥337.5μg/L时也开始具有显著意义的增加。不同的暴露时间和剂量对血细胞微核率和总核异常率具有不同程度的影响。壬基酚对奥尼罗非鱼的鳃、肾脏、脾、肝均造成不同程度的病理损伤。  相似文献   

11.
Abstract. Samples of Mytilus galloprovincialis and Mullus barbatus were collected in eight coastal sites along the South Adriatic and Ionic coasts of Italy in spring 2000 for a survey of coastal pollution in the Mediterranean basin. Specimens were analysed using an integrated approach based on residue analysis of common aquatic pollutants like organochlorines such as hexachlorobenzene (HCB), DDTs and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heavy metals and nonylphenols (NPnE) and biomarker responses such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and the two specific P450 activities benzo(a)pyrene monooxygenase (BPMO) and 7-ethoxyre-sorufin-(9-deethylase (EROD). Biological and morphological parameters like somatic liver index (SLI), gonadosomatic index (GSI) and gonadal and gamete histology (eggs and sperms) were also evaluated in red mullet samples. A contamination gradient in which several hot spots occur were revealed in this study. The hot spots account for high levels of organochlorines in both species near incinerators and of PAHs in harbour areas. Levels of both NPnE and AChE activity were highest in two protected marine areas and were within detectable limits in others. This finding was confirmed by P450 activities, in which maximum levels were detected in harbours and protected marine areas. No morphological alterations of male and female gonads were observed on the histological level.  相似文献   

12.
海草污染生态学研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文对国外近20年来在海草污染生态学方面的研究成果进行了综述。这些成果主要包括重金属、农药和石油对海草的影响。重全属时海草影响的研究重点.是重金属对海草生理功能的影响,以及海草对重金属的富集等方面;农药对海草的影响研究.集中于其对海草的生理学和形态学方面的影响。以及海草对农药的耐性等;而石油对海草的影响研究.主要是事故性石油污染和石油分散剂对海草的影响。最后,本文展望了该领域今后的研究重点与方向。  相似文献   

13.
The semicircular breakwater (SBW) is a composite breakwater consisting of a semicircular caisson resting on a rubble mound. The SBW function as a barrier dissipates the incident wave energy and creates tranquillity on its leeside. The dynamic pressures due to regular waves exerted on seaside perforated SBWs with 7 and 11% of exposed surface area with perforations were measured. The measured pressures are compared with those exerted on impermeable SBWs. In addition, the forces exerted on the caisson alone are measured. The reflection coefficient, measured total forces on the caisson of the models, and the pressures are presented as functions of relative water depth. The effect of the water depth and the percentage of perforations on the above stated variables are examined, details of which are reported in this paper.  相似文献   

14.
In marine cycloidal propeller (MCP), the inflow velocity vector to the propeller blade continuously changes at different blade orbit angle. Earlier marine cycloidal propellers were installed on ships that mainly performed towing operations. Recently marine cycloidal propellers are being installed on large naval vessels, which spend lot of their operating hours in cruising. Therefore, the hydrodynamic loading on the blades both during cruising maneuvers need to be investigated. The flow characteristics around the propeller blade are computed numerically by panel method. Viscous effects on the flow are then estimated by boundary layer technique. The effect of rotating disc on viscous fluid is also investigated. The corrected flow characteristics are then used for estimating the hydrodynamic loading. The operating conditions that are critical for the loading of the blade and the support structure and some aspects of the maneuvering simulation at cruising speed are investigated.  相似文献   

15.
1.IntroductionVertical breakwaters are widely used for harbor and coastline protection in coastal engineering.Recently,perforated breakwaters have been often used in practice as they can effectively reduce thewaveforces actingon,the wave reflectionfromand…  相似文献   

16.
In a wave tank test with vertical tube array arranged transverse to the wave direction, forces on two 1 ft instrumented sections as well as on the tubes are measured. The effect of the spacing of the tubes upon the forces on the tubes are investigated. The mass and drag coefficients are determined from the forces on the instrumented sections of the tubes. They are presented as functions of the Keulegan-Carpenter number (or the period parameter) and the tube spacing. The total forces on the tubes are computed based on the mean values of the hydrodynamic coefficients. The correlation between these calculated values and the measured forces is found to be good.  相似文献   

17.
The achievement progresses of investigation and studies on marine hazardous geology are summarized and presentsd in the late 20 century in China. The importance, research value and presentday studies of marine hazardous geology, a newly developing branch of geoscience, are well expatiated.Several often confused concepts and theories are explained and redefined here. The comment on the means of investigations, assessment of marine hazardous geology, as well as its evolution, innovation,existing questions and future tasks are also introduced and presented. The concepts of “hazard geology“,“geohazard“, “map of marine hazard geology“, “integrated evaluaton on seafloor stablity“ are respectively discussed, including their definition, research objects, methods and contents. The types and classification of marine hazardous geology, principles and methods of marine hazardous geology map compilation, the assessment methods and models of marine hazardous geology environment and seafloor stability and so on are also discussed.  相似文献   

18.
孙青  陈士荫 《海岸工程》1996,15(3):7-14
立波作用下的底沙运动关系到港口的规划和建筑物的安全。本文以实验为基础,综合前人研究成果,得到立波作用下床面形态及冲刷类型。对较粗颗粒底沙在立波作用上进行受力分析,得到了一周期内沙粒累计推移距离,净输沙率及冲刷强度。认为冲刷形态的不同与近底速度和加速度的分布密切相连。  相似文献   

19.
适于模拟不规则水域波浪的缓坡方程两种数值模型比较   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
本文分析比较了适于不规则水域波浪模拟的椭圆型缓坡方程两种数值模型。两种数值模型均采用有限体积法离散,分别基于四叉树网格和非结构化三角形网格建立。首先结合近岸缓坡地形上波浪传播的经典物理模型实验对两种数值模型分别进行了验证,并结合计算结果对比分析了两种模型的计算精度和效率。计算结果表明,两种数值模型均可有效地模拟近岸波浪的传播变形;相对非结构化三角形网格下的模型,基于四叉树网格建立的数值模型在数值离散和求解过程中无需引入形函数、不产生复杂的交叉项,离散简单,易于程序实现,且节约计算存储空间,计算效率高。  相似文献   

20.
饵料对花尾胡椒鲷仔稚鱼存活和生长的影响   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
采用6种饵料分别投喂花尾胡椒鲷15日龄的仔鱼,15d后测定其成活率、全长、体重和捕苗操作后1d的死亡率。结果表明,投喂经自制的乳化鱼肝油强化的卤虫无节幼体或经自制的乳化鱼肝油强化的卤虫无节幼体加轮虫,花尾胡椒鲷仔稚鱼的成活率最高(86%~98%),生长快,捕苗操作后的死亡率低(0%~2.7%);投喂轮虫,花尾胡椒鲷仔稚鱼的成活率也较高(86%~88%),但捕苗操作后的死亡率较高(5.9%~9.1%),而生长最慢;投喂未经营养强化的卤虫无节幼体,仔稚鱼成活率最低(68%~78%),捕苗操作后的死亡率最高(48.3%~542%);投喂桡足类或桡足类加轮虫,成活率较高(78%~90%),捕苗操作后未发现死亡,但生长较慢。龙尾胡椒鲷15日龄仔鱼在停止投饵的情况下,4d即全部死亡。可以认为,经营养强化的卤虫无节幼体是花尾胡椒鲷仔稚鱼的最佳饵料,桡足类也是花尾胡椒鲷仔稚鱼的优质饵料。  相似文献   

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