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原子吸收光谱法和等离子光谱法分别研究了潮滩盐沼植物翅碱蓬(Suaedaheterop-tera)根际与非根际(根上部和根下部)沉积物中Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的总量和化学形态。结果表明,从总量来看,不同潮滩沉积物中4种重金属次序均为Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd,但同一元素随潮滩位置变化明显,尤以中潮滩差异最显著,重金属总量明显大于其他两个潮滩(低潮滩和高潮滩),特别是根际沉积物中的重金属总量远高于非根际沉积物总量,其比值分别为Cu3·4—4·2倍,Zn2·2—2·7倍,Pb3·2—3·3倍。同一潮滩均表现为根际沉积物>根上部>根下部。Cd含量相对较低,其变化不明显。从化学形态看,沉积物重金属表现为环境直接影响态(交换态和有机结合态)、环境间接影响态(碳酸盐态和铁锰氧化物态)和稳定态(残渣态)。与非根际沉积物相比,根际沉积物中重金属的化学形态发生了显著的变化,Cu和Pb以稳定态为主,其次为环境间接影响态,环境直接影响态最低;Zn与上述2种金属不同,以环境直接影响态含量最高(可交换态是有机结合态的7倍),其次分别为环境间接影响态(主要是碳酸盐结合态)和稳定态。实验结果表明,由于特异根圈效应,一方面该植物使可迁移形态的Cu和Pb在根际逐步得到矿化,使其生物可利用性降低;另一方面使Zn的生物可利用性提高,促进了植物对Zn的吸收利用。 相似文献
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用Zeeman－5000型原子吸收分光光度计火焰法测定了上海滨岸潮滩沉积物中Cu、Pb、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cr的总量及其5种地球化学形态含量，发现根际沉积物中的重金属含量一般低于表层沉积物，但在重金属含量水平上，均为Fe＞＞Mn＞Zn＞Cu，Pb，Cr；单因子方差分析表明重金属在根限沉积物中存在显著的季节变化（p＜0.05＝，Cu、Pb、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cr在高潮滩芦苇根限沉积物中的含量均在夏、秋季出现最低值或次低值，在中潮滩海三棱Biao草根际沉积物中的季节含量随采样地点不同而变化，但与同一地点表层沉积物中的含量相关性很好，除Cr（r＝0．18）外，相关系数（r）分别达到0．77、0．74、0．65、0．84、0．77；Cu、Fe、Zn、Cr在沉积物中均以残渣态含量为主，Pb、Mn的碳酸盐结合态含量较高，秋季各重金属元素的碳酸盐结合态与铁锰氧化物结合态之间发生形态上的迁移与转化。 相似文献
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采用野外连续调查和实验分析方法，连续3年研究了海三菱藨草根际沉积物重金属（Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd）生物有效性的主要影响因素（生长季节、pH、P、Eh和DO等）。结果表明，植物不同生长季节的变化影响根际沉积物生物有效性的季节变化。具体表现为：Cu和Pb均在春、夏季可交换态含量较高，生物有效性较高，而秋、冬季可交换态较低，生物有效性较低，但碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化态二者之和也比较高，具有一定的潜在生物有效性；Zn在任何季节的可交换态比例均不高，以有机结合态和残渣态的形态为主，生物有效性较低；Cd一般以残渣态为主，基本不具有生物有效性。pH值下降，春、夏季可交换态和铁锰氧化物结合态增加，而有机结合态和碳酸盐结合态减少，提高了生物有效性，而秋、冬季正好相反；磷对重金属生物有效具有直接影响的为无机磷，春、夏季随着无机磷的减少，pH值下降，提高了生物有效性。春、夏季根际Eh和溶解氧含量增加，降低了其生物有效性。 相似文献
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应用等离子光谱仪(ICP)与高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)分别对海三棱藨草根际沉积物中重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd)不同化学形态含量和植物根系分泌物中常见低分子量有机酸进行了季节跟踪测定,分析了有机酸(柠檬酸、草酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、甲酸和乳酸)含量与重金属化学形态(可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、有机结合态和残渣态)的季节相关性。结果表明,柠檬酸、草酸和苹果酸含量与Cu和Pb的除残渣态外的其它4种形态含量呈正相关性,表明其能提高Cu和Pb生物有效性,与Zn的所有形态含量呈负相关性,降低了生物有效性;酒石酸、甲酸和乳酸含量与Cu和Pb的可交换态含量呈负相关性,而与其它形态含量相关性不明显,降低了生物有效性。与Zn的除残渣态外的其它4种形态含量呈正相关性,提高其生物有效性。而上述所有有机酸与Cd的各种化学形态相关性不明显。表明其对Cd的生物有效性影响不大。 相似文献
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厦门西海域沉积物中重金属的赋存状态及潜在迁移性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以厦门西海域沉积物为研究对象,利用改良BCR连续提取法分析了沉积物样品中Zn、Mn、Cr、Cu、Cd和Pb的赋存状态,并通过潜在迁移指数（PMI）探讨了沉积物中重金属的潜在迁移风险.结果表明：6种重金属总量在厦门西海域沉积物中由大到小的顺序为：Mn〉Zn〉Cr〉Pb〉Cu〉Cd,其中Mn和Zn的含量达到了1 471 mg/kg和231 mg/kg.与沉积物质量标准对比,沉积物样品中Zn、Cr、Cu和Pb的含量较高.改良BCR连续提取表明6种金属中Zn、Cr和Cu主要以残渣态存在,Mn和Cd主要以酸溶态存在,Pb则以可还原态为主.厦门西海域沉积物中6种重金属的潜在迁移指数大到小的顺序为：Mn〉Cd〉Zn〉Cu〉Pb〉Cr,其中Mn和Cd的潜在迁移危险最大. 相似文献
6.
以连云港市对虾养殖池表层沉积物为研究对象,采用Tessier连续萃取法,研究了表层沉积物中重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Mn)的赋存形态和酶(脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、转化酶)活性的相关性。结果表明,重金属Cu和Zn以有机-硫化物结合态为主要的赋存形态,Pb以铁锰氧化物态为主要的赋存形态,Cd以可交换态(平均33.47%)和碳酸盐结合态(平均31.16%)为主要存在形态,Cr和As主要以残渣态存在,Mn的铁锰氧化物态比例最高。脲酶的活性范围为0.45—8.96mg/(g·24h),碱性磷酸酶活性范围为2.45—6.69mg/(g·24h),过氧化氢酶活性范围为0.14—2.36m L/(g·min),转化酶活性范围为0.45—10.45mg/(g·24h)。脲酶活性与Cd、As的可交换态、Cd的碳酸盐结合态、Cu、As的铁锰氧化物态、Zn、Pb、Cd、Mn的有机硫化物态之间显著相关;碱性磷酸酶活性与Zn、Cd的铁锰氧化物态显著相关;过氧化氢酶活性与Cd的可交换态、碳酸盐结合态及残渣态、Cu、Cd、As的铁锰氧化物态、Zn、Pb、Cd、Mn的有机硫结合态之间显著相关;转化酶活性与Cu、Cd、As的可交换态、Cd的碳酸盐结合态、Cu、Cd、As的铁锰氧化物态、Zn、Pb、Cd、Mn的有机硫化物态、Cd、As的残渣态之间显著相关。酶活性可以用来指示海水养殖池沉积物中重金属的形态转化过程。 相似文献
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8.
季节变化和个体大小对河蚬积累重金属的影响 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
以长江河口湿地生态系统一种习见的大型底栖动物河蚬Corbicula fluminea为研究对象，分析了季节变化和个体大小对河蚬积累Zn，Cu，Pb，Cd和Cr的影响。结果表明。季节变化对河蚬积累重金属没柯显著的影响，春季和秋季河蚬体内的重金属含量较为接近。河蚬体内Cu的积累量在不同大小个体间存在着显著的差异，大个体体内的Cu含量明显高于小个体，但Zn，Cd，Cr和Pb的含量在不同大小个体间的差异不显著。总体上看，季节变化和个体大小对河蚬积累重金属的影响均不是很显著。 相似文献
9.
渤海中部表层沉积物中重金属赋存相态及来源 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
近年来由于环渤海经济圈的快速发展,渤海接受了来自周边河流、沿岸排污及海上油气开采所产生的大量的重金属等污染物质,使得渤海的生态环境系统面临前所未有的压力。本文采用电感耦合等离子质谱仪（ICP-MS）对采自渤海中部的25个表层沉积物样品中的Cu、Co、Ni、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd等重金属元素的含量和赋存相态进行了分析,探讨了重金属分布规律、污染状况及来源。研究结果表明,Cu、Co、Ni、Zn、Cr在渤海湾的近岸区域和渤海中部泥质区有较高的含量,而Pb和Cd则在整个研究区的含量都较高;表层沉积物中Cu、Co、Ni、Zn、Cr主要以残渣态形式存在,而Pb和Cd则具有较高的非残渣态含量;生态风险评价结果表明该区表层沉积物未受到Co、Ni、Cr的污染,Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd则为未污染-中等程度污染。重金属元素Co、Ni、Cr以自然来源为主,在沉积物中的分布主要受沉积物物质组成的影响,而Cu、Zn、Pb,尤其是Cd,则受到了人类活动的显著影响。黄河沉积物是研究区表层沉积物中重金属的主要来源,影响范围涵盖了本区大部分区域,但在研究区的北端受到滦河来源物质的影响,渤海湾和研究区中部则受到海河物质和大气沉降来源重金属的一定影响。 相似文献
10.
研究了珠江口贫氧区表层沉积物中Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Fe和Mn含量的相互关系;探讨它们在迁移和固-液平衡过程相互作用的特征;研究了沉积物的环境因素和重要组分对其沉积-溶解作用的影响;研究了表层沉积物对它们的富集作用。结果发现,沉积物对Cu,Pb,Zn和Cd的富集系数(K)排列次序为K_(Cd)>K_(Pb)>K_(Cu)>K_(Zn)。K_(Cd)大于对照区和长江口的相应值。此结果说明,上述区域的表层沉积物中可能有自生的CdS。且贫氧水的表层沉积物中Fe,Mn,Cu,Pb和Cd的地球化学特性尚未有显著的改变。 相似文献
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Speciation, distribution, and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in Xiamen Bay surface sediment 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Based on the survey of surface sediment in Xiamen Bay in October 2011, the speciation, distribution, and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals （Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cr） in this area were studied us-ing the sequential extraction method and ecological risk assessment method. The results indicated：（1） the total concentrations of these heavy metals were influenced by runoff, industrial wastewater, and sewage, and were all higher in the coastal area than the offshore area while the highest area of Pb was a little far-ther away from the coastal water due to atmosphere deposition;（2） sequential extractions suggested that Cu was mainly composed with residual and Fe/Mn-oxide bound fractions, Pb was bound to Fe/Mn-oxide, Zn and Cr were dominated by residual, and Cd bound to exchangeable and carbonate fractions; （3） the order of migration and transformation sequence was Cd＆gt;Pb＆gt;Cu＆gt;Zn＆gt;Cr and the degree of pollution was Cd＆gt;Pb＆gt;Cu＆gt;Zn＆gt;Cr;and （4） the ratios of the secondary and primary phases showed that Zn and Cr were both clean, Cu may be polluted, Pb was moderately polluted, while Cd was heavily polluted. 相似文献
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Experimental data on anoxic freshwater sediments from the Hamburg harbor indicate that commonly performed storage and pretreatment methods including aeration by drying strongly change the original associations of heavy metals with different sediment components. Oven-drying as well as freeze-drying under ‘vacuum’ affects metals originally bound to carbonate (Fe, Mn) and to the sulfidic/organic fraction (Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb), as indicated by sequential chemical extractions. While the easily oxidizable Cu and Pb portions are transferred mainly into the moderately reducible fraction, those of Zn and especially Cd are found in easily reducible and labile exchangeable fractions upon aeration of the sediment. Metals from only the latter fractions are potentially mobilizable via pore-water fluxes. Useful information on solid speciation influencing the mobility of contaminants in biogeochemically reactive sediments by the chemical leaching approach requires, therefore, proper and careful handling of the anoxic sediment samples. 相似文献
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Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metals and Grain Size of Sediments from Hailing Bay, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Introduction Hailing Bay located in western Guangdong province is an important marine aquaculture base and a famous scenic spot. Moyang River which flows across Yangjiang is the major runoff and polluted source in the sea area of Hailing Bay. Hailing Bank ( approximately 5 000 m ) which was built to connect Hailing Island and the continent in 1964 has blocked the natural circulation of suspended sand and pollutants in seawater. Water flux through the Yangjiang harbor extensively decreases … 相似文献
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Metal accumulation by Juncus maritimus and the effect this plant might have on the physico-chemical composition of sediments, from Douro river estuary (NW Portugal), were investigated through one year of plant's life. The contents of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined (by atomic absorption spectrophotometry) in sediments, rhizosediments (those among plant roots and rhizomes) and different tissues of J. maritimus. Two estuarine sites with different characteristics were studied, one a sandy sediment with relatively low organic matter content, the other a muddy site. The role of the plant seemed to be markedly dependent on the sediment composition. At the sandy site, significant variations throughout the year (a decrease from winter to summer and an increase in autumn) either in rhizosediment and sediment or in J. maritimus roots were only observed in Cd and Cu levels. These variations were the same in both compartments, probably caused by tidal water movements and the activity of the plant. At the muddy site, variations throughout the year were observed for all studied elements but Pb. Changes in the Cd and Zn contents of roots were opposite to those in the rhizosediment (uptake of Cd and Zn by J. maritimus roots in summer may have caused a decrease in rhizosediment levels). Fe and Mn showed similar patterns of variation in both roots and rhizosediment (contents significantly increasing in summer). Higher contents of Fe and Mn in roots in summer could be related to changes in mass, higher availability of the elements, or accumulation at the surface of the root in (hydr)oxides forms. For the remaining elements no significant correlations between rhizosediment and roots variations were observed, indicating that their uptake and release by roots were not based on single exchanges with the sediment. J. maritimus showed capacity to accumulate Cu, Zn and particularly Cd, thus appearing to be useful for the phytostabilization of these metals. 相似文献
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莱州湾滨海湿地沉积物重金属的空间分布 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过研究莱州湾河口区滨海湿地沉积物重金属Pb,Zn,Cd,Cu的含量变化,分析表层沉积物及柱状沉积物,以期了解莱州湾河口区滨海湿地重金属含量的区域性变化,并从柱状沉积物剖面了解沉积物重金属累积的历史变化。研究结果表明,莱州湾河口区与邻近海域沉积物重金属含量在空间分布上与垂直分布上均呈现一定幅度的变化,且高浓度重金属显示区域内重金属呈现污染状况;在沉积物柱状剖面中,发现重金属含量在上层有大幅度增加之现象。另外,利用围隔式生态实验装置研究了该滨海湿地区域污染沉积物中重金属Pb,Zn,Cd,Cu在海水环境中的行为。结果表明,海水中的还原环境能抑制污染沉积物中重金属的释放,有助于体系中原有的重金属清除出水,而低生产力条件下,Pb,Zn表现出释放行为;高生产力和高悬浮物含量条件下,Pb和Zn表现出先释放后迁移,而Cd和Cu则呈现出相反的现象。 相似文献
16.
The release and removal behaviour of Cd, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb and Zn from the sediment of Xiamen Harbour to sea water have been studied under ultra-clean laboratory condition within 168 b. Initial rapid increases in dissolved Cu, Pb, Zn and Co were observed in the first six hours and twelve hours respectively after addition of various amounts of sediment. Then Pb and Co decreased to background values, while Zn decreased to less than the background value and Cu remained unchanged. Cd and Ni did not increase during the experiment. The results indicated that the weakly bound heavy metals were released from the sediment through desorption or exchange. Simultaneously, they might form complexes or be adsorbed in colloids or particles. The two processes existed simultaneously, changing with time and conditions. 相似文献