共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 390 毫秒
1.
Mahmut Okyar Sedat Yılmaz Devrim Tezcan Hakan Çavaş 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2013,34(2):127-136
No detailed information has previously been available on the geological and geophysical characteristics of the sea floor and the underlying strata of Mersin Harbour, Northeastern Mediterranean Sea (Turkey). Continuous resistivity profiling (CRP) and borehole data from Mersin Harbour were used to interpret geoelectric stratigraphy of Neogene-Quaternary sediments in the area. This represents one of few such detailed case studies that have applied these valuable CRP techniques for the purpose of marine stratigraphic imaging. It was found that the Neogene-Quaternary sedimentary succession in the area consists of three geoelectric units (GU1, GU2, and GU3 from base to top). The lowest unit, GU1, has a resistivity value of greater than 20.0 ohm-m and consists of Miocene aged limestone and marl. The middle unit, GU2, is characterized by resistivity values ranging from 3.0 to 20.0 ohm-m. Its thickness is greater than 90 m, with the upper section being composed of stiff clay sequences which are Plio-Pleistocene in age. The uppermost unit, GU3, has resistivity values varying from 1.0 to 3.0 ohm-m. This unit displays a maximum thickness of 15 m, and is composed of Holocene muds together with gravel, sand, silt and clay (sometimes incorporating shells) materials of the Plio-Pleistocene age and their various mixtures, silty/clay limestone, and conglomerate sandstone. Comparisons of the geoelectric units with the depositional sequences interpreted from the available seismic data outwith, but close to, Mersin Harbour reveal that the geoelectric unit GU3 corresponds to the depositional sequences C (mainly Holocene) and B (mainly Plio-Pleistocene). The geoelectric unit GU2 partly correlates with the depositional sequence B which appears to be Plio-Pleistocene in age. The geoelectric unit GU1, which has not been encountered in previous seismic surveys, is a new discovery within Mersin Harbour. Limited correlation between the seismic and resistivity structures in the study area is attributed to differences in the acoustic impedance and resistivity contrasts of sub-bottom layers, as well as the penetration versus resolution performance of the systems. 相似文献
2.
S. García-Gil E. de Blas N. Martínez-Carreño J. Iglesias R. Rial-Otero J. Simal-Gándara A.G. Judd 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011
Ría de Vigo is a river valley flooded by the sea, with a bay (San Simón Bay) at its innermost part. The accumulation of Holocene sediment in San Simón Bay has been studied by the integration of 1) large scale high resolution seismic data, and 2) detailed geochemical analysis of a gravity core. In San Simón Bay the majority of the seismic records are obscured by acoustic turbidity which represents gassy sediments, but on records from Rande Strait it is possible to distinguish two Quaternary seismic sequences; an Upper Pleistocene sequence (SQ1) and a Holocene sequence (SQ2). Only SQ2 is recognized in San Simón Bay where it is comprised of two seismic units; the upper unit represents the HST sediment, i.e. the period of highest sea level. A gravity core taken within the gassy zone at 10 m water depth provided 3.55 m of fine-grained sediments (muds) from the youngest seismic unit (4 m thick). Geochemical analysis show high values (4 to 10%) of TOC. Sediment and porewater analyses indicate a distinct sulphate–methane transition zone (SMTZ) between 60 and 80 cm where sulphate is depleted (to <1.7 mM) and methane increases (to >0.4 mM). The top of the acoustic turbidity (the gas front) at 80 cm corresponds to the lower limit of the SMTZ. The methane cannot have been derived from the underlying metamorphic and granitic rocks, but was probably derived by microbial degradation of the organic matter in the Holocene sediments. We estimate that the sediments of the Bay contain approximately 1.8 × 106 m3 of organic carbon and 275 ton of methane. 相似文献
3.
High-resolution shallow seismic-reflection profiles obtained from the western Mersin Bay have revealed the existence of the two distinct depositional sequences (C and B) lying on a narrow and relatively steeply-sloping continental shelf which mainly receives its sediments from the ephemeral rivers. The upper Holocene sedimentary sequence (C) is characterized by stratified (simple to complex) to chaotic reflection configurations produced by the development of a prograding wedge of terrigenous sediment. Particular occurrences of slope- and front-fill facies and the lack of a sharp boundary, which has, however, been observed on the western shelf of this bay, between the Early Holocene and latest Pleistocene deposits are related to possible movement of underlying deposits due to local gravity mass movements or synsedimentary tectonics due to adjustment of the underlying evaporites in adjacent basin. The maximum thickness of the topmost sequence C is associated with the Tarsus–Seyhan delta, which lies to the northeast of the area and is prograding along the shelf. Other variations in thickness (5–40 m) of this topmost sequence are related to the variable sediment discharge along the coast, and the distance from the coast. It is at a maximum (40 m) in the nearshore area just west of the Lamas river mouth and at a minimum (5–15 m) in the offshore area.
The lower depositional pre-Holocene sequence (B) is characterized by continuous to wavy reflection configurations and how some cyclicity, suggesting coarse, heterogeneous sediments deposited under high energy conditions (fan-deltas) of Plio-Pleistocene age.
The combined interpretation of seismic reflection profiles with the available bore-hole data reveals the existence of a widespread Miocene acoustic basement (A) off the Susanoğlu–Tırtar coasts and Karapınar–Gilindirez rivers mouths. Unusual features in some profiles suggest the escape of coastal freshwater into the accumulating sediment. 相似文献
4.
Reinhardt L. Kudrass H.-R. Lückge A. Wiedicke M. Wunderlich J. Wendt G. 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2002,23(4):335-351
About 6000 km of both bathymetric and high-resolution acoustic profiles were acquired on the shelf and upper slope offshore Peru between 9° S and 14° S. Two new sediment echosounder systems – SEL-96 and SES-2000DS – provided details of the sedimentary structures of the Quaternary sequences within the Sechura-Salaverry, Huacho and Pisco Basins. To a great extent, the poleward undercurrent determines the distribution of sediments. The undercurrent has generated numerous erosional unconformities, it has winnowed hardgrounds and has created mudwaves common between 250 m and 400 m water depth. Distinct subbottom reflectors within sedimentary units represent hiatuses due to periods of intensified winnowing or non-deposition. Erosional unconformities usually marked by pronounced reflectors suggest shifts of the undercurrent system related to climatic changes and eustatic variations of sea level. On a larger scale, the stacked prograding depositional sequences reflect the sea-level cycles of the Middle Pleistocene to the Holocene. Based on the stratigraphy of our piston cores and that of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 680, the depositional sequences limited by extended unconformities were assigned to oxygen isotope stages 1 to 7. Other sedimentary structures are small straight channels that were conduits for downslope sediment transport. Deformed sediments associated with synsedimentary normal faults result from creep movements indicating beginning slope failure. 相似文献
5.
莱州湾东部滨海水域第四纪沉积及古地理特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文通过对６个钻孔和４６１ｋｍ浅层地震剖机测量获得的测年、微古、孢粉、藻类、古地磁以及岩持征和地震反射界面等资料的综合分析，将本区第四系划分为中更新统、上更新统和全新统，对各时期的沉积进行了较详细的阐述，并对不同时期的沉积相特征和古地理环境的变化进行了初步地揭示。 相似文献
6.
Mustafa Ergin Nizamettin Kazanci Baki Varol
zden Ileri Levent Karadenizli 《Marine Geology》1997,140(3-4):391-403
Petrographic data obtained from 182 surface sediment samples together with the available bathymetric data are used to investigate the effects of the last major sea-level changes on shelf evolution in the southern Sea of Marmara. Grain-size analysis reveals the presence of at least three belts or zones which are rich in coarse-grained (sand and gravel) sediments. These coarse-grained belts which are up to 45 km long, 15 km wide, show up to 20 m of relief and are presently found at 40–80 m (average 60 m) water depths. Based on microscopic examination and residual analysis, the sediments from these belts are interpreted as indicators of high-energy shallow waters where detrital siliciclastics, with some benthic contribution, accumulated. The presence of a 62–65 m deep sill in the Çanakkale Strait and the consideration of sea-level curves would suggest that the Marmara shelves must have been subaerially exposed down to −65 m water depths for about 10,000 yrs (22,000–12,000 yrs B.P.), sufficient time to modify former shelf topographies and form such bottom relief. While difficult to date, we believe that coarse-grained belts found on the southern Marmara shelf must be relict (i.e., former shorelines, beaches) and their formation is largely related to low stands of sea-level during the Late Pleistocene regression and early Holocene transgression. However, the available high-resolution seismic profiling data suggest that the neotectonism in this seismically active Sea of Marmara plays an important role to explain the raise of these older shorelines to their present levels on the sea-floor. 相似文献
7.
Side-scan sonar investigations in the eastern part of the macrotidal Bay of Seine have revealed the presence of numerous rippled scour depressions (RSDs) at water depths of 5–9 m. The sediments in these depressions consist essentially of coarse-grained shell hash derived from underlying Holocene sediments dated at roughly 6,500 years BP, and arranged in large wave-generated ripples. The shallow marine area where these features occur consists of a wave-generated ravinement surface produced during the marine flooding of the late Holocene transgression. It can be shown that, during the last 20 years at least, erosion of the muddy sand and sandy seabed has exposed underlying relict sediments. These consist of stiff clays, silts and a layer of shell debris which, when exposed, cover the bottom of large scour depressions which appear to be in equilibrium with the local hydrodynamic regime. Morphological and hydrodynamic data suggest that the RSDs are generated by strong cross-shore bottom currents flowing parallel to the features in the direction of the prevailing waves, and probably associated with storm-induced downwelling events. 相似文献
8.
《Marine Geology》2005,214(4):389-409
The innermost shelf of the eastern Korea Strait is a ria-type coastal sea comprising islands, intervening passageways and embayments. A detailed analysis of high-resolution (1−10 kHz) subbottom profiles and core sediments from this area reveals complicated depositional and distributional patterns of the Holocene mud deposits related to complex topography with varying supply of the adjacent Nakdong riverine sediments. Sediments from the Nakdong River were bifurcated around Gadeok Island, forming two proximal systems: Nakdong and western Gadeok systems. These proximal systems prograded offshore (southward) by active sediment supply from the Nakdong River in the early stage. Suspended sediments passing through the Nakdong system formed the distal (Gadeok Waterway and eastern Geoje) systems in the area between the northern Geoje and Gadeok islands. These distal systems show a northwestward (onshore) prograding tendency to Jinhae Bay, the biggest bay in the vicinity of the Nakdong estuary in which the Jinhae Bay system developed. In the late stage, a remarkable decrease of sediment supply from the Nakdong River has caused retrograding geometry of the two proximal systems. However, the most distal (Jinhae Bay) system has continuously prograded bayward due to the persistent supply of sediments resuspended by strong tidal currents from nearby distal (Gadeok Waterway and eastern Geoje) systems. These complex depositional features indicate that topography has an important influence on depositional developments of the Holocene mud deposits by controlling path and intensity of sediment dispersal and resuspension processes. 相似文献
9.
The Upper Quaternary seismic stratigraphy and active faults of the Gulf of İzmit were investigated by means of high-resolution
shallow seismic profiling data in the source region of 1999 İzmit earthquake. High-resolution seismic reflection data correlated
with borehole data indicate that the stratigraphy of İzmit Bay consists of three distinct depositional sequences formed in
response to middle Pleistocene-Holocene sea-level changes. Reflector R, separating the pre-Holocene sequences (1 and 2) from
the Holocene sequence (3), represents an erosional unconformity produced by the subaerial fluvial erosion of the continental
shelves at the time of the last glacial maximum. Occasional, anomalous reflections (acoustic turbidity) observed within the
Holocene sequence are interpreted as gas accumulations. The maximum thickness of the Holocene sediments is found to be about
25 m. The isopach map of Holocene sediment implies that the thickness of the Holocene decreases from the east towards the
central and western basins of İzmit Bay. Two distinct fault systems are interpreted in İzmit Bay. The main fault system extending
roughly in an E-W direction along the Gulf of İzmit is an active right lateral strike slip fault with a normal component.
The secondary faults are normal faults striking in different directions and these are identified as being both active and
inactive. In addition, prominent compressive features are identified in the seismic cross-sections of some profiles acquired
to the east of Hersek Peninsula where the focal mechanisms of the aftershocks of the 1999 İzmit earthquake also reveal predominantly
reverse faulting mechanisms, as identified by a local dense seismic network. 相似文献
10.
Kh. M. Saidova 《Oceanology》2010,50(4):542-548
The compositional changes and frequency variations in the foraminiferal communities through the sediment section across Dvina
Bay allow us to identify 14 ecological-stratigraphic zones. Based on the 14C dates for the foraminiferal tests, the distinguished ecozones correspond to the appropriate Holocene stages and substages.
Because most of the foraminiferal species identified in the Holocene sediments are abundant and diverse in the modern oceans,
they provide a powerful tool for the reconstruction of the paleoenvironmental changes during the Holocene. 相似文献
11.
The geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of pre-Holocene core sediments from Haenam Bay, southwest coast of Korea,
were examined for post-depositional diagenetic changes and used to assess the provenance of fine-grained sediments in the
region. The geochemical and mineralogical compositions of the sediments vary very little with core depth (Holocene to pre-Holocene
age), except for the upper part of the pre-Holocene sedimentary layer. In this case, smectite and chlorite are depleted, presumably
due to intensive subaerial weathering and low pH conditions. Highly mobile elements (Ca, Mg, Na and K) were likely removed
with the breakdown of labile minerals, such as carbonate minerals, feldspar, and clay minerals, during subaerial exposure
of this layer, resulting in low weathering indices. In particular, the low smectite content (<5%) and low V/Al ratio (<13)
suggest that the Holocene and pre-Holocene sediments along the southwestern coast of Korea did not originate from mainland
China but rather mostly from the Korean Peninsula. This aspect has been a subject of debate since the mid-1970s. 相似文献
12.
The geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of pre-Holocene core sediments from Haenam Bay, southwest coast of Korea, were examined for post-depositional diagenetic changes and used to assess the provenance of fine-grained sediments in the region. The geochemical and mineralogical compositions of the sediments vary very little with core depth (Holocene to pre-Holocene age), except for the upper part of the pre-Holocene sedimentary layer. In this case, smectite and chlorite are depleted, presumably due to intensive subaerial weathering and low pH conditions. Highly mobile elements (Ca, Mg, Na and K) were likely removed with the breakdown of labile minerals, such as carbonate minerals, feldspar, and clay minerals, during subaerial exposure of this layer, resulting in low weathering indices. In particular, the low smectite content (<5%) and low V/Al ratio (<13) suggest that the Holocene and pre-Holocene sediments along the southwestern coast of Korea did not originate from mainland China but rather mostly from the Korean Peninsula. This aspect has been a subject of debate since the mid-1970s. 相似文献
13.
D. Mallinson S. Locker M. Hafen D. Naar A. Hine D. Lavoie S. Schock 《Geo-Marine Letters》1997,17(4):237-245
Geophysical surveys and ground truth data are compared from a site in the Dry Tortugas, Florida. Seismic data reveal six
depositional sequences bounded by high-amplitude reflectors interpreted as subaerial unconformities. Chirp sonar data reveal
structure within the Holocene depositional sequence that is correlated to ground truth data. Sedimentary units within the
Holocene sequence record a transition from a low-energy, lagoonal environment, to a high-energy, shallow marine environment,
to a moderate-energy, slightly deeper marine environment. Forward modeling and impedance inversion reveal good agreement between
sediment physical properties, acoustic properties measured by the electric logger, and the chirp sonar data. 相似文献
14.
A regional study of the Holocene sequence onlapping the west-central Florida Platform was undertaken to merge our understanding of the barrier-island system with that of the depositional history of the adjacent inner continental shelf. Key objectives were to better understand the sedimentary processes, sediment accumulation patterns, and the history of coastal evolution during the post-glacial sea-level rise. In the subsurface, deformed limestone bedrock is attributed to mid-Cenozoic karstic processes. This stratigraphic interval is truncated by an erosional surface, commonly exposed, that regionally forms the base of the Holocene section. The Holocene section is thin and discontinuous and, north or south of the Tampa Bay area, is dominated by low-relief sand-ridge morphologies. Depositional geometries tend to be more sheet-like nearshore, and mounded or ridge-like offshore. Sand ridges exhibit 0.5–4 m of relief, with ridge widths on the order of 1 km and ridge spacing of a few kilometers. The central portion of the study area is dominated nearshore by a contiguous sand sheet associated with the Tampa Bay ebb-tidal delta. Sedimentary facies in this system consist mostly of redistributed siliciclastics, local carbonate production, and residual sediments derived from erosion of older strata. Hardground exposures are common throughout the study area. Regional trends in Holocene sediment thickness patterns are strongly correlated to antecedent topographic control. Both the present barrier-island system and thicker sediment accumulations offshore correlate with steeper slope gradients of the basal Holocene transgressive surface. Proposed models for coastal evolution during the Holocene transgression suggest a spatial and temporal combination of back-stepping barrier-island systems combined with open-marine, low-energy coastal environments. The present distribution of sand resources reflects the reworking of these earlier deposits by the late Holocene inner-shelf hydraulic regime. 相似文献
15.
李善为 《海洋学报(英文版)》1984,3(3):398-408
Bated on the paleogcomagnetum ot the sediments derived from drilling cores in the Jiao-zhou Bay and the 14C-dating, combined with the analyses of the paleomicrobiology, spore-pollen, grain size and ainino acid, the following results are obtained: (i) Structural fractures formed the framework for the Jiaozhou Bay. (ii) jiaozhou Bay was a continental basin during the low tea level of the glacial period in 20000-11000 yr BP. (iii) Sea level rose again, thus forming the initial Jiaozhou Bay during the poit-glacial period since 11000 yr BP. (iv} Distribution of the sub-marinf relief of the Jiaozhou Bay was finally formed due to the reconstruction of As tidal current and the fluvial hydrodynamical actions, (v) It can be estimated that the Holocene of the jiaozhou Bay began at 11000 yr BP on the basis of the comparison between the sedirnental characteristics of the Jiaozhou Bay and that of the Huaoghai Sea. 相似文献
16.
17.
通过分析伶仃洋东岸sz17QZ-20-3钻孔硅藻分布特征,结合测年、岩性和粒度,重建了该地区晚更新世以来的古环境演化。依据沉积物岩性粒度变化判断,晚更新世时期在23.6~11.0 m层段发育了一套河床相-溺古湾相-岸滩相-冲积相的垂向沉积序列,在花斑黏土层中有海水种Ethmodiscus rex碎片的存在,指示晚更新世海侵海退旋回。早全新世海侵在9000 cal.aBP左右到达研究区,海水种硅藻含量开始迅速增加,发育滨海平原相沉积;在8000 cal.aBP左右达到最高海平面,海水种硅藻含量最高;随后研究区处于海平面停滞状态,并缓慢下降,发育浅海相沉积;中晚全新世4.2~0 m层段为海退时期,发育河口湾相沉积。中全新世4.4~4.2 m层位海水种含量突然增加和4.4~4.6 m层位贝壳碎屑层指示可能有风暴潮事件发生;晚全新世0.3~0 m层段表层沉积物中硅藻丰度异常偏高,受人类活动影响较大。 相似文献
18.
探地雷达在确定全新世海侵线方面的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对全新世大暖期古海岸线位置的不确定性问题,提出了一种利用探地雷达进行最大海侵位置追踪的方法,在探地雷达可获得连续沉积地层图像的理论基础上,在具有丰富研究资料的莱州湾东岸开展了实验研究。结果表明,利用Mala RAMAC100MHz天线结合相应的图像处理手段,能够识别区域10 m以内浅地层中海陆相沉积物分界面,与已有钻孔和现场探挖浅孔剖面对比,具有较好的一致性。证实了利用探地雷达追踪全新世海侵时期古地层、将海相层尖灭点处确定为最大海侵线位置,进一步恢复古环境是可行的。本文为研究古海岸线位置提供的方法,即通过探地雷达探测地层,得到高清的可视化图像,这使得古海岸线位置确定更精确、更直观。 相似文献
19.
Tove Nielsen Troels Laier Antoon Kuijpers Tine L. Rasmussen Naja E. Mikkelsen Niels Nørgård-Pedersen 《Geo-Marine Letters》2014,34(6):511-523
The present study is the first to directly address the issue of gas hydrates offshore West Greenland, where numerous occurrences of shallow hydrocarbons have been documented in the vicinity of Disko Bugt (Bay). Furthermore, decomposing gas hydrate has been implied to explain seabed features in this climate-sensitive area. The study is based on archive data and new (2011, 2012) shallow seismic and sediment core data. Archive seismic records crossing an elongated depression (20×35 km large, 575 m deep) on the inner shelf west of Disko Bugt (Bay) show a bottom simulating reflector (BSR) within faulted Mesozoic strata, consistent with the occurrence of gas hydrates. Moreover, the more recently acquired shallow seismic data reveal gas/fluid-related features in the overlying sediments, and geochemical data point to methane migration from a deeper-lying petroleum system. By contrast, hydrocarbon signatures within faulted Mesozoic strata below the strait known as the Vaigat can be inferred on archive seismics, but no BSR was visible. New seismic data provide evidence of various gas/fluid-releasing features in the overlying sediments. Flares were detected by the echo-sounder in July 2012, and cores contained ikaite and showed gas-releasing cracks and bubbles, all pointing to ongoing methane seepage in the strait. Observed seabed mounds also sustain gas seepages. For areas where crystalline bedrock is covered only by Pleistocene–Holocene deposits, methane was found only in the Egedesminde Dyb (Trough). There was a strong increase in methane concentration with depth, but no free gas. This is likely due to the formation of gas hydrate and the limited thickness of the sediment infill. Seabed depressions off Ilulissat Isfjord (Icefjord) previously inferred to express ongoing gas release from decomposing gas hydrate show no evidence of gas seepage, and are more likely a result of neo-tectonism. 相似文献
20.
A. Bahr H. K. Wong W. W.-S. Yim G. Huang T. Lüdmann L. S. Chan W. N. Ridley Thomas 《Geo-Marine Letters》2005,25(1):20-33
High-resolution boomer profiles from Tai O Bay, Hong Kong SAR, were ground-truthed using ten discontinuously sampled boreholes penetrating bedrock with a maximum length of 82.1 m. The relationship between depth below seabed and seismic profiles was established through the measurement of two borehole compressional-wave velocity profiles. In departure from previous interpretations, nine Quaternary seismic units were identified, which can be divided into eight systems tracts formed by cycles of fourth-order sea-level fluctuations dating back at least to marine isotope stage (MIS) 7 (ca. 190–245 ka). These consist of two lowstand systems tracts, two transgressive systems tracts, and four highstand systems tracts. Secondary unconformities within the highstand deposits are interpreted to document fifth-order sea-level fluctuations. Lowstand deposits are less common because, as soon as the sea level drops by a few metres, Tai O Bay becomes sub-aerially exposed, leading to widespread non-deposition or erosion. At the same time, extensive fluvial erosion and channel incision take place. Filling of the fluvial channels occurs during rising sea level. Lowstand sediments (if present) are generally landslide deposits laid down on a basal alluvial plain. Uncorrected accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates of mollusc shells show that the depositional environment was marine since 6.2 ka, becoming gradually more brackish as a result of progradation of the Pearl River delta. The computed average sedimentation rate for the period 6.2–4.1 ka is 4.4 m/1,000 year, and approximately 1 m/1,000 year since 4.1 ka. 相似文献