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1.
海州湾是南黄海赤潮高发区之一。为研究浮游细菌与赤潮及环境因子的关系,于2020年11月在海州湾赤潮期间进行了现场调查,采集了8个站位的浮游细菌、浮游植物样品,获取了温度、盐度、叶绿素a以及氮、磷、硅营养盐浓度等环境因子信息,分析了赤潮原因种及浮游细菌群落结构情况。结果显示,此次赤潮原因种为三叶原甲藻(Prorocentrum triestinum)、赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)及塔胞藻(Pyramimonas sp.),发生赤潮时水温、盐度较低,盐度与赤潮异弯藻的分布有一定的联系。使用16SrRNA高通量测序方法分析调查海域的浮游细菌情况,结果显示赤潮发生站位的浮游细菌多样性略低于其他非赤潮发生站位,优势细菌与其他站位有明显不同,以假单胞菌目(Pseudomonadales)、红杆菌目(Rhodobacterales)和黄杆菌目(Flavobacteriales)为主。赤潮发生站位的浮游细菌群落结构也存在一定的差异,不同站位可能处于不同的赤潮阶段,对浮游细菌群落具有不同的影响。相关性分析显示,黄杆菌目与叶绿素a显著正相关,表明黄杆菌目与赤潮发生有一定的关系。 相似文献
2.
长江口海域是我国的一个典型水域,具有很高的浮游植物物种多样性,其中包括很多种赤潮物种,引起赤潮频发。本文总结了过去40年间长江口海域历次航次调查的研究结果,比较分析了52个航次调查鉴定的浮游植物组成,重点探索了赤潮物种的组成,并详细描述了长江口海域的6种典型赤潮物种:中肋骨条藻、东海原甲藻、旋链角毛藻、夜光藻、米氏凯伦藻和尖刺拟菱形藻。在文献报道的657个浮游植物物种(包括571个物种和86个鉴定到属的未定种)中,硅藻(368个物种和55个未定种)和甲藻(149个物种和15未定种)占绝大多数。这些浮游植物中赤潮物种占125个,包括硅藻69种、甲藻49种、金藻2种、隐藻1种和蓝藻3种。本文为比较研究不同海域赤潮物种的生物多样性,探讨生物多样性的起源与演化,为解读宏基因组学及宏条形码分析结果提供了基础。 相似文献
3.
于 2008 年 8 月 10—28 日, 在山东乳山近海赤潮发生海域采用直接采水计数法对浮游植物种类组成进行了 4 次跟踪监测。结果表明, 此次赤潮主要由海洋卡盾藻引起, 面积约 100km2, 平均密度 1.46×106 cells/L, 占浮游植物总数的 91.32%。 从 8 月 19 日开始, 海洋卡盾藻赤潮开始消退, 同时中肋骨条藻和尖刺拟菱形藻密度增高, 到 8 月 28 日本次赤潮完全消失。研究发现, 该海域富营养化、低盐度的理 相似文献
4.
长江口海域浮游植物分布及其与径流的关系 总被引：57，自引：9，他引：48
利用 2 0 0 1— 2 0 0 2年 4个季度月航次调查资料 ,研究了长江口海域浮游植物的分布及其与长江径流的关系 ,共鉴定浮游植物 1 5 4种 (含变种和变型 ) ,其中属硅藻类的有 1 1 3种 ,甲藻类 36种 ,近岸低盐性的中肋骨条藻 (Skeletonemacostatum)是最重要的优势种。夏季浮游植物密集区位于长江口海域的北部及靠近浙江近海的上升流区 ,春季和秋季密集区出现在调查区的南部。浮游植物数量高峰出现在夏季 (平均为 9 2 7× 1 0 6 个 /m3) ;冬季 (枯水期 )数量最少(平均为 2 91× 1 0 5 个 /m3) ,且分布相对较均匀 ,显示出该海域浮游植物种类组成与数量的季节变化同长江径流量有明显的关系。由于大量营养盐被长江径流携带入海 ,造成河口区严重富营养化 ,这为赤潮生物大量孳生提供了适宜的环境条件 ,长江口海域已成为我国沿海赤潮多发区之一。 相似文献
5.
Zhang Shuijin 《海洋学报(英文版)》1995,14(1):73-83
ＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｆｅａｔｕｒｅｓｏｆｐｈｙｔｏｐｌａｎｋｔｏｎｉｎｒｅｄｔｉｄｅｏｕｔｂｕｒｓｔａｒｅａｉｎｔｈｅＸｉａｍｅｎＨａｒｂｏｒ￥ＺｈａｎｇＳｈｕｉｊｉｎ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＪｕｎｅ２０，１９９４；ａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄＳｅｐｔｅｍｂｅｒ２，１... 相似文献
6.
Young Baek Son Joji Ishizaka Jong-Chul Jeong Hyun-Choel Kim Taehee Lee 《Ocean Science Journal》2011,46(4):239-263
To distinguish true red tide water (particularly Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms) from non-red tide water (false satellite high chlorophyll water) in the South Sea of Korea, we developed a systematic
classification method using spectral information from MODIS level products and applied it to five different harmful algal
bloom events. Red tide and nonred tide waters were classified based on four different criteria. The first step revealed that
the radiance peaks of potential red tide water occurred at 555 and 678 nm. The second step separated optically different waters
that were influenced by relatively low and high contributions of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) (including detritus)
to chlorophyll. The third and fourth steps discriminated red tide water from non-red tide water based on the blue-to-green
ratio in areas with lower and higher contributions of CDOM to chlorophyll, respectively. After applying the red tide classification
(using the four criteria), the spectral response of the red tide water, which is influenced by pigment concentration, showed
different slopes for the blue and green bands (lower slope at blue bands and higher slope at green bands). The opposite result
was found for non-red tide water, due to decreasing phytoplankton absorption and increasing detritus/CDOM absorption at blue
bands. The results were well matched with the discoloration of water (blue to dark red/brown) and delineated the areal coverage
of C. polykrikoides blooms, revealing the nature of spatial and temporal variations in red tides. This simple spectral classification method
led to increase user accuracy for C. polykrikoides and non-red tide blooms (>46% and >97%) and provided a more reliable and robust identification of red tides over a wide range
of oceanic environments than was possible using chlorophyll a concentration, chlorophyll anomaly, fluorescence analysis, or proposed red tide detection algorithms. 相似文献
7.
近年来应用微型围隔生态实验探讨了浮游植物多样性与表观增氧量(AOI)的关系及其在赤潮预警与评价中的应用。结果显示,在赤潮发生过程中,浮游植物多样性与生物量(以AOI计)存在显著的相关关系。多样性指数H'与AOI呈密切的负相关关系,优势度D2呈密切的指数正相关关系。该研究以赤潮预警与评价的AOI参考指标为依据,利用H'和D2与AOI的相关模式,提出了赤潮预警与评价的H'和D2的指标值,赤潮预警的H'和D2指标分别为0.72和0.36,赤潮判别的H'和D2指标分别为0.66和0.51。 相似文献
8.
Hiroaki Sasaki Akihiko Tanaka Mitsunori Iwataki Yasuharu Touke Eko Siswanto Chun Knee Tan Joji Ishizaka 《Journal of Oceanography》2008,64(4):511-523
Remote sensing reflectance [R
rs(λ)] and absorption coefficients of red tides were measured in Isahaya Bay, southwestern Japan, to investigate differences in
the optical properties of red tide and non-red tide waters. We defined colored areas of the sea surface, visualized from shipboard,
as “red tides”. Peaks of the R
rs(λ) spectra of non-red tide waters were at 565 nm, while those of red tides shifted to longer wavelengths (589 nm). The spectral
shape of R
rs(λ) was close to that of the reciprocal of the total absorption coefficient [1/a(λ)], implying that the R
rs(λ) peak is determined by absorption. Absorption coefficients of phytoplankton [a
ph(λ)], non-pigment particles and colored dissolved organic matter increased with increasing chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a), and those coefficients were correlated with Chl a for both red tide and non-red tide waters. Using these relationships between absorption coefficients and Chl a, variation in the spectrum of 1/a(λ) as a function of Chl a was calculated. The peak of 1/a(λ) shifted to longer wavelengths with increasing Chl a. Furthermore, the relative contribution of a
ph(λ) to the total absorption in red tide water was significantly higher than in non-red tide water in the wavelength range 550–600
nm, including the peak. Our results show that the variation of a
ph(λ) with Chl a dominates the behavior of the R
rs(λ) peak, and utilization of R
rs(λ) peaks at 589 and 565 nm may be useful to discriminate between red tide and non-red tide waters by remote sensing. 相似文献
9.
Abu Affan Joon-Baek Lee Jun -Teck Kim Young -Chan Choi Jong -Man Kim Jung -Goo Myoung 《Ocean Science Journal》2007,42(2):117-127
The dynamics of phytoplankton abundance with seasonal variation in physicochemical conditions were investigated monthly at
10 stations around the Chagwi-do off the west coast of Jeju Island, Korea, including inshore, middle shore, and offshore in
the marine ranching area from September 2004 to November 2005. Water temperature varied from 12.1 to 28.9°C (average 18.8°C),
and salinity from 28.9 to 34.9 psu (average 33.7 psu). The chlorophyll a concentration was 0.02-2.05 μg L1 (average 0.70 μg L1), and the maximum concentration occurred in the bottom layer in April. A total of 294 phytoplankton species belonging to
10 families was identified: 182 Bacillariophyceae, 52 Dinophyceae, 9 Chlorophyceae, 12 Cryptophyceae, 6 Chrysophyceae, 4 Dictyophyceae,
13 Euglenophyceae, 6 Prymnesiophyceae, 5 Prasinophyceae, and 5 Raphidophyceae. The standing crop was 2.21-48.69x104 cells L1 (average 9.23x 104 cells L1), and the maximum occurred in the bottom layer in April. Diatoms were most abundant throughout the year, followed by dinoflagellates
and phytoflagellates. A phytoplankton bloom occurred twice: once in spring, peaking in April, and once in autumn, peaking
in November. The spring bloom was represented by fourChaetoceros species andSkeletonema costatum; each contributed 10–20% of the total phytoplankton abundance. The autumn bloom comprised dinoflagellates, diatoms, and phytoflagellates,
of which dinoflagellates were predominant.Gymnodinium conicum, Prorocentrum micans, andP. triestinum each contributed over 10% of the total phytoplankton abundance. 相似文献
10.
人类活动导致臭氧层变薄和混合层变浅，迫使混合层的浮游植物暴露在更高的紫外辐射下。实验以中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）为研究对象，在自然光照条件下，通过在暗盒上方覆盖不同的截止型滤光板，获得不同波段紫外辐射，探讨不同紫外波段对其生理特性的影响。本实验通过在室外培养，模拟赤潮爆发状态，对中肋骨条藻进行7种不同紫外波段的处理（分别使用280、300、320、340、360、380、400 nm截止型滤光板）。实验结果表明：紫外辐射会显著抑制中肋骨条藻的光合固碳速率，随着紫外波段逐步被滤除，光合固碳速率越来越高；>280 nm和>300 nm波段下的比生长率显著低于>400 nm波段处理；280 nm~300 nm波段紫外对叶绿素a有显著的漂白效应，同时也会显著减少类胡萝卜素的含量；这表明紫外辐射对中肋骨条藻的抑制效应主要是紫外辐射B导致的，而紫外辐射A的作用不显著。在估测浮游植物海洋初级生产力的过程中，紫外辐射的作用往往被忽视。 相似文献
11.
有害赤潮对海洋生态环境和沿海经济危害巨大,如何安全、有效地治理有害赤潮非常重要。文章考察了几种常见芽孢杆菌对近海典型赤潮生物——东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)的去除作用,发现解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)对其去除作用最强。进一步考察解淀粉芽孢杆菌对不同赤潮生物的去除作用,发现该芽孢杆菌对米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)和赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)的去除作用高于东海原甲藻。在此基础上,将解淀粉芽孢杆菌与高岭土复合,研究了微生物复合粘土对典型赤潮生物的去除效果。结果表明,解淀粉芽孢杆菌与高岭土复合后,能够有效促进该菌的生长,进而提升了其对赤潮生物的去除能力。文章对芽孢杆菌及其复合粘土去除赤潮生物的机制进行了分析和探讨,为进一步发展和优化改性粘土治理赤潮技术体系提供了重要参考。 相似文献
12.
2014年底,在广西防城港核电厂一期工程1号机组热试期间,核电厂所在的冷源水取水海域钦州湾暴发了球形棕囊藻赤潮,赤潮严重时出现了冷却水系统堵塞现象,严重威胁到核电的安全。本次由藻类引发的威胁核电冷源安全的事件在国内尚属首例,以往人们更多关注核电的温排水对附近海域生物的影响,而反过来,生物对核电正常运行的潜在影响相比之下缺少研究。在此背景下,本文通过研究历史调查资料,对潜在影响防城港核电冷源系统的藻类及其暴发特点进行初步分析,以大规模暴发时易成囊、成团、成簇以堵塞核电冷源入水作为筛选标准,筛选出球形棕囊藻、束毛藻、夜光藻和浒苔几种潜在威胁种,进一步对潜在威胁种的预警监测和防控方法进行初步介绍,以达到早期预防、保障核电冷源系统安全用水的目的,并为其他核电厂提供参考。 相似文献
13.
Yan Wang Yongjian Liu Hao Guo Haibo Zhang Dongmei Li Ziwei Yao Xiaocheng Wang Chuan Jia 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(6):54-67
The concentration and composition of nutrients, such as N, P, and Si, respond to biogeochemical processes and in turn, impact the phytoplanktons’ community structure and primary production. In this study, historical data was systematically analyzed to identify long-term variations in nutrient trends, red tide frequency, phytoplankton community abundance, and dominant species succession in the southern Yellow Sea(SYS). Results showed that N/P concentration ratios dramatically increased as a funct... 相似文献
14.
中国海洋浮游植物和赤潮物种的生物多样性研究进展(二):东海 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
东海海域是我国典型的赤潮频发区,东海沿海的水产养殖业和生态系统等都受到很大影响。本文分析了1958—2019年间东海海域内67个浮游植物调查数据,通过比较东海海域浮游植物物种调查获得的历史数据,重点分析赤潮及赤潮物种的组成,并对相关数据进行剖析和解读。共统计出东海海域浮游植物773种(包括65个变种),其中棕鞭藻门470种(包含42个变种),甲藻门253种(包含23个变种)。这些浮游植物中包括了赤潮物种135个,其中棕鞭藻门73个物种,甲藻门56个物种,定鞭藻门和蓝藻门各3个物种。比较发现该海域硅藻和甲藻的相对物种丰富度并没有发生显著的变化。本文分析结果可为东海海域和其他海域浮游植物和赤潮物种生物多样性的研究提供参考。 相似文献
15.
收集了1990年—2019年长江口及其邻近海域(120°30'E～123°30'E,29°00'N～32°30'N)记载的赤潮事件,基于GIS软件对所有赤潮事件进行整理,分析了赤潮的时空分布规律,并绘制长江口及邻近海域赤潮分布图.结果表明:近30年来,长江口及其邻近海域赤潮经历了先升高后下降的过程,赤潮次数共计144次,赤潮面积>1000 km2有28次.赤潮发生核心区集中在长江口外、花鸟山-嵊泗列岛、岱山岛-中街山列岛、舟山岛-朱家尖岛海域;长江口及邻近海域赤潮多发期为5—8月,5、6、7、8月发生的赤潮次数分别占总数的28.37％、34.75％、17.78和9.29％;东海原甲藻(Prorocenrum donghaiense)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)是长江口及其邻近海域最常见赤潮肇事种,发生次数分别为55次和40次,占统计总次数的38.19％和27.78％,2000年以来,东海原甲藻赤潮发生频率呈上升态势. 相似文献
16.
渤海是我国最大的半封闭型内海,也是重要的海洋生物产卵场、育幼场和索饵场。其陆源径流丰富,环境异质性高,具有很高的浮游植物物种多样性,其中包括大量的赤潮物种。该海域赤潮频发对水产养殖、生态环境、旅游业等造成了很大影响。因此,针对该海域浮游植物物种多样性的研究具有极其重要的意义。本文整理了1957—2019年间46个主要航次的调查资料,比较分析了这些航次中鉴定的浮游植物组成以及相对丰度,并跟踪分析了近20年来渤海的主要赤潮事件,重点描述了赤潮物种多样性,并详细阐述了常见赤潮物种。在航次鉴定的140个赤潮物种中,包括硅藻78种,甲藻52种,定鞭藻5种,绿藻4种和蓝藻1种。本文为比较研究包括渤海海域在内的不同海域浮游植物和赤潮物种的多样性,探索海洋生物多样性的起源和演化规律,解读宏基因组学及宏条形码分析结果提供了基础和参考。 相似文献
17.
Tomotoshi Okaichi 《Journal of Oceanography》1983,39(5):267-278
The cause of red tides appearing in neritic waters in Japan have been discussed by several workers in relation to the development of eutrophication. The author has been engaged in marine environmental studies on outbreaks of red tides, mainly, in the Seto Inland Sea since 1964 using a combination of the following approaches:
- surveys of the red tides that have occurred,
- elucidation of the oceanographical and biological characters of the water areas where red tides occur,
- isolation of the red tide organisms for physiological studies of their growth,
- chemical and biological assays of the growth promoting factors, and
- estimation of the effects of pollutants on the growth of the red tide organisms.
18.
牡蛎的滤食作用不但能控制浮游植物丰度，还能通过摄食选择性影响群落结构。通过在较高营养水体的围隔实验表明，牡蛎养殖在持续磷限制条件下，促使浮游植物群落由甲藻向小型硅藻优势转变。实验结束时对照组中浮游植物群落由扁压原甲藻主导，占总丰度的77%；而牡蛎养殖组新月柱鞘藻丰度占比达到93%。牡蛎养殖组中，甲藻去除速率随养殖密度增长，但是硅藻最终丰度在高密度牡蛎组最高。研究结果说明大量的贝类养殖能够提升小型链状硅藻的优势度，增加此类赤潮发生风险。 相似文献
19.
K. Matsunaga K. Igarashi S. Fukase H. Tsubota 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1984,18(6):615-622
Behaviors of organically-bound iron in an estuary having normal primary production and in a red tide outbreak estuary were investigated. In the former, the iron complex decreases with increasing salinity because of its flocculation. In the latter, the iron complex as well as nutrients except silicate are completely assimilated by phytoplankton. Among nutrients silicate diffuses by only water mixing because the main species of phytoplankton were green colored algae at the river mouth. High nitrite concentration was found at about 15‰ salinity. This means that the decomposition of phytoplankton as well as photosynthesis is also carried out. The iron complex assimilated would be released to seawater with the decomposition of phytoplankton and then red tide outbreaks at the estuary would be continued for a long period. 相似文献
20.
山东半岛濒临渤海和黄海,海岸带复杂,海岸线长,近岸海域赤潮事件频发。然而,由于部分赤潮物种的形态难以识别,或易降解不稳定,加上形态鉴定专业要求高,导致致灾赤潮物种未得到准确鉴定。2021年11月至2022年4月间山东荣成海域海带养殖区暴发严重赤潮事件,面积达1 440 km2,导致海带白化、溃烂,造成严重经济损失。对该海域水样固定样本的观察鉴定到两种致灾赤潮物种,红色赤潮藻(Akashiwo sanguinea)和多纹膝沟藻(Gonyaulax polygramma),二者均为山东近海常见的致灾赤潮物种。该研究通过对赤潮样本中活体单细胞的显微观察和单细胞测序分析,根据藻细胞形态特征与分子标记序列相似性鉴定到三种优势致灾赤潮物种,包括红色赤潮藻、多纹膝沟藻和灰白下沟藻(Katodinium glaucum)。其中灰白下沟藻由于在固定过程中不稳定而较少得到鉴定。对该赤潮海域水样开展宏条形码分析,除了发现上述三种致灾赤潮物种外,还发现了另外一个致灾赤潮物种纺锤环沟藻(Gyrodinium fusiforme)。纺锤环沟藻也由于在固定过程中不稳定而较少得到鉴定。由此可见,... 相似文献