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钢桩式码头以其独特的优越性,在我国得到越来越广泛的应用。但是随之而来的则是其潮差段的防腐维护问题。这个问题现在已受到国内研究单位和专家们的关注。众所周知,水下钢结构物潮差段的腐蚀是十分严重的,即使在技术发达的国家,也从未停止过对其防护对策的研究。以往国外普遍采用各种包复法,如蒙乃尔合金包复法、硫化橡胶包复等,但由于其施工工艺性差,费用高,防腐效果不够理想等原因,近十几年来已逐步以水下涂料维护法取而代之,并取得了十分明显的效果。显然,水下涂料法是建立在水下涂料的防腐性能的可靠性和在水下施工工艺上的可行性的基础上的。 相似文献
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为确保钻井平台常年处于海上作业的安全,各国船级社都规定了对平台水下部分定期检验的要求。平均每隔两年进行一次水下部分的检验,每隔四年进行一次特别检验,且延期最长不得超过12个月。对自升式海上钻井平台来说,“水下部分”指的是水下部分的桩腿和桩靴,特别是桩靴,在海底插桩作业时易受损坏。而桩腿与桩靴连结处,更是验船师最为注意的地方。因此,如何使桩靴“出水”(升出水面)或“不出水”而能为验船师提供 相似文献
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为了分析带支腿浮式结构水下桩腿处于不同的长度时振动固有频率的变化情况,采用有限元方法和三维线性水弹性理论对一理想的带支腿浮式结构进行研究,分工况计算了3种弹性模态的干、湿固有频率。结果表明对于同一阶弹性模态来说,结构主体平台振型是决定水动力系数大小的主要因素,桩腿水下长度是次要因素,而振型又受到桩腿长度的制约;桩腿水下长度的改变对带支腿浮式结构的干模态固有频率以及湿固有频率都有较明显地调制作用。对于干模态固有频率来说,桩腿关于船身越趋于对称分布时结构的共振频率越高;对于湿固有频率来说,水下桩腿长度地增加有迫使共振频率趋向低频方向移动趋势。 相似文献
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本文结合蛇口工业区三定堤码头所用卢森堡AREED的Pu32型钢板桩在四种锁口联结型式下抗弯试验的结果,进一步从理论上讨论了当码头所用的钢板桩实际上处于同时承受水平向填土压力和由桩帽传来上部荷重垂直作用力时,其锁口联结度与其强度关系。通过简化的计算实例,比较了这四种联结度情况下,钢板桩最大应力位置及大小,得出有关曲线供设计参考。 相似文献
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采用1∶5的比尺模型试验,研究了横向加载过程中U型钢板桩的位移和土压力响应以及破坏模式,并对比分析了不同土质干湿状况、加载速率、埋置深度以及加载高度等影响因素下U型钢板桩位移和土压力的变化规律。试验结果表明,当U型钢板桩凸面加载时,位移随埋置深度、加载等级、加载高度的增加而增加,干砂中的位移大于湿砂中的位移;当凹面加载时,位移随着埋置深度的增加而减小,随着加载等级的增大而增大,在不同加载高度与不同土质干湿情况中差别不大。随着加载力增大,U型钢板桩在受力侧土压力分布呈现“R型”分布,且土压力均随着埋置深度与土体含水率的增大而增大。在加载力作用下桩体产生转动,并随着加载力的增大在距钢板桩底部约1/3埋置深度处发生弯曲。 相似文献
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介绍了广州港新沙港区板桩码头主要内力计算方法及常用软件,结合设计过程、工程地质情况、现场实际施工情况,着重从受力合理性、施工便利性、节省造价方面,对提出的钢板桩方案、钢管板桩方案进行比较分析,确定了钢管板桩结构更合理,并对优势进行总结。研究表明相对于钢板桩结构,钢管板桩结构在抗弯、抗变形、拉杆拉力和锚碇墙稳定性、对复杂地基(软弱土层较厚、岩层标高较高的地基)适应性、兼顾桩基基础、施工速度等方面更具备优势,且钢管板桩结构可更好的适应码头的大型化和深水化发展,在类似工程设计中可优先采用钢管板桩结构。 相似文献
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水下涂料对码头钢桩潮差带的现场维护,在国外已有十几年历史,由于它独特的优越性而获得日益广泛的应用。由于水下钢结构在我国应用较晚,所以水下涂料及其施工工艺的研究在近几年才开始。虽然目前一批有希望的涂料正在研制之中,但尚无一种国产水下涂料可以有把握地 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献