共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 114 毫秒
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深海矿产开发所产生的环境影响是目前制约深海采矿的重要问题之一,了解开发全过程的环境影响和生态响应是商业化开采的前提。本文以多金属结核、富钴结壳和多金属硫化物三种具有代表性的深海固体矿产资源为例,分析了开发前赋存环境、开发过程中及开发后的环境影响。结果表明：①不同深海固体矿产资源的分布规律、深度以及生物特征等赋存环境存在较大差异,因采矿活动带来的赋存环境改变、对环境的影响以及采矿潜在影响区域、影响时长和恢复潜力也有所不同。②多金属结核开采的环境影响着重考虑了沉积物羽流的影响,结壳开采活动从沉积物扰动、外壳去除以及栖息地改变三个方面考虑环境影响,多金属硫化物开采的环境影响还要增加对有毒物质的释放以及栖息地移除两个方面的考虑。③深海采矿对底栖生物种群的数量和物种组成皆会造成不同程度的影响。最后,从持续跟进监测评估、充实数据、提升采矿技术与设备、顶层设计与决策管理、规则制定等方面提出了环境保护与可持续发展对策建议,为深海采矿的环境影响评价及规则制定提供参考。 相似文献
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文章结合国际深海采矿的现状和中国现有国际海底区域矿区的情况,分析中国国际海底区域矿区采矿存在缺少法律依据、尚未完成矿区资源评价和"区域"放弃、深海采矿技术发展相对滞后、海洋环境影响评估尚有不足等问题;在此基础上提出未来发展建议,即开展与国际海底管理局的深度合作,在制定"区域"内矿产资源开发规章中有所作为;加快对中国国际海底区域的勘探工作,尽快完成矿区资源评价和"区域"放弃;跟踪国际深海采矿行业进展,加快推进中国深海采矿系统的建造并尽快试开采;继续加大深海采矿对海洋环境的影响研究,尽快形成深海采矿环境影响预测评价技术指南。 相似文献
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随着陆地金属矿产资源的日渐枯竭,深海多金属硫化物逐渐成为海洋矿产资源勘探的新趋势。文章介绍了全球主要海底多金属硫化物矿床的成因及分布特点,阐述了多个国际矿业公司和国际海洋组织对西南太平洋、大西洋和印度洋海底块状多金属硫化物勘探活动的最新进展。从海底多金属硫化物的金属品质、深海采矿的法律政策和环境保护等方面对海底多金属硫化物的开发前景进行探讨,并提出积极投身国际海底资源开发规章制定,进一步细化国内法律制度,为深海采矿提供良好的法律制度环境;提升深海治理能力,增强我国在深海领域的话语权;完善深海技术装备体系,提高深海开发创新能力等建议。 相似文献
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开采深海底矿产对环境产生影响不容置疑。尤其直接影响海底环境,包括海底地貌改变、生物群及其栖息地的破坏而导致生态系统的受损。深海采矿的潜在环境影响强度和广度取决于多种因素,如被开采矿床种类、矿体形状与空间分布、开采技术和方法、处理方法及 相似文献
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文章在分析国际深海资源勘探活动最新进展的基础上,针对我国"十三五"国家重点研发计划"深海多金属结核采矿试验工程"项目的总体目标、主要内容、组织模式等进行了介绍,对目前国际社会普遍关注的深海采矿与环境保护、商业开发时机、国际深海开发规章等问题进行了分析,对后续我国深海采矿试验工作提出了建议。 相似文献
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对海底不同作业形式的深海大型爬行机器人进行了分类综述，依据当前深海大型爬行机器人在各方面的应用，将其分为了深海采矿机器人和深海挖沟机器人两大类，并对这两类中的一些性能突出的机器人进行了详细的介绍。重点介绍我国第一代、第二代多金属结核采矿机器人，SMD的3个多金属硫化物开采机器人，中科院深海所的富钴结壳规模采样爬行机器人，喷射式挖沟爬行机器人QT2800和机械式挖沟爬行机器人BT2400。并对深海大型爬行机器人的海底复杂行走技术和导航定位技术进行了阐述。行走技术方面，重点介绍Nexans公司的带有铰接式行走腿系统的Spider Dredger，中南大学的铰接履带式采矿机器人和北京矿冶研究总院的复合轮式机器人。导航定位方面，介绍了当前一些在用的深海导航定位技术。最后，对未来深海大型爬行机器人的发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2002,26(2):103-106
Interest in deep-sea mining developed in the early 1970s, with a focus on manganese nodules in international waters. Mining may actually occur first, however, on rich polymetallic sulfide deposits associated with hydrothermal vents within exclusive economic zones. Even though mining for polymetallic sulfides may not take place for several years, precautionary performance standards, environmental regulations, and the establishment of Marine Protected Areas may help guide the marine mining industry toward a goal of minimizing environmental impacts. Once substantial investments in prospecting and exploring a potential mining site are made, implementation of environmental regulations may prove to be much more difficult. 相似文献
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Anil B. Valsangkar 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2003,21(2):81-91
Although, offshore mining for mineral wealth is not required at present, it may be the only alternative in the future due to the continuous growing demand for certain metals that have no or limited land deposits. Risk involved in deep-sea mining is not less than that in space missions. Limited groups of mining engineers and environmental scientists are conducting studies that influence the development of mining systems and subsystems for collection, screening, lifting, and transportation of deep-sea minerals. Accepting this challenge more than 20 years ago, the National Institute of Oceanography, Goa, started surveys and exploration for polymetallic nodules in the Indian Ocean and was the first to receive "Pioneer Status" recognition from the United Nations. Experiments have also been conducted to study the potential impacts of deep-seabed mining. 相似文献
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Environment and Deep-Sea Mining: A Perspective 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
As the quest for deep-sea mineral resources is gaining momentum, environment and ocean mining have become important aspects of study. Because many of these deposits occur in international waters, the concern for environmental conservation in view of the effects of deep-sea mining is resulting in these effects being studied in different oceans, and efforts to develop regulations governing this exploitation are also underway at national and international levels. The impact assessment of deep-sea mining needs to encompass a variety of subjects, including environmental, socioeconomic, technological, and legal aspects. At the same time, effects of in situ environmental conditions on mining activities also need to be considered for effecient performance by the mining system. Differences in the degree of impact have been noticed during the mining simulation experiments by different investigating agencies. Therefore, interparameter comparisons, standardization of methods, and improvement in mining design are important considerations for proper utilization of resources, conservation of environment, and cost efficiency of the mining operations. 相似文献
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Abstract As the quest for deep-sea mineral resources is gaining momentum, environment and ocean mining have become important aspects of study. Because many of these deposits occur in international waters, the concern for environmental conservation in view of the effects of deep-sea mining is resulting in these effects being studied in different oceans, and efforts to develop regulations governing this exploitation are also underway at national and international levels. The impact assessment of deep-sea mining needs to encompass a variety of subjects, including environmental, socioeconomic, technological, and legal aspects. At the same time, effects of in situ environmental conditions on mining activities also need to be considered for effecient performance by the mining system. Differences in the degree of impact have been noticed during the mining simulation experiments by different investigating agencies. Therefore, interparameter comparisons, standardization of methods, and improvement in mining design are important considerations for proper utilization of resources, conservation of environment, and cost efficiency of the mining operations. 相似文献
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R. Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(4):331-338
In recent years, several experiments to assess the potential impacts due to deep-sea mining in the Pacific as well as the Indian Oceans have indicated the immediate changes and restoration patterns of environmental conditions in the marine ecosystem. The large volume of sediment(~ 500 × 107 m3 per year) estimated to be resuspended would be the major influencing factor in environmental impact in the mining area, leading to changes in availability of certain nutrients and composition of biomass, followed by gradual restoration. Important results have been obtained from these experiments, but in order to have a better understanding of the impacts and restoration processes, it will be necessary to improvise future experiments to resemble actual deep-sea mining in terms of scale and methodology. 相似文献
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文章旨在确定深海多金属结核的物理特性,并分析其对采输过程的影响,以指导工程应用。总结了深海多金属结核开采的最新研究进展,通过对数据进行统计整理、回归分析,确定了结核形成机理及主要成分、在海底的分布特性、结核形态及构造、结核尺寸与重量关系、含水量、密度、孔隙特性及结核强度等关键物理特性。研究表明：结核形状多样,质松多孔隙,含水率高,近似均匀分布在海床上或浅泥层中。颗粒质量和尺寸联合概率分布具有长右尾特性,需使用更广义的联合概率密度函数copula才能准确建模。结核抗拉强度随结核直径增大按对数函数递减。此外,深海高压环境下结核的开采需更多能耗,且结核表现出更高的延性。结合固液两相流分析和颗粒沉降理论,分析了结核形状、尺寸、密度等主要参数对水力举升过程的影响,确定了颗粒破碎的主要方式和规律,总结了不同粒径级配输运造成堵塞的可能原因。 相似文献
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深海采矿尾矿排放产生的细颗粒羽状流会对海底生态环境造成影响,预测尾矿排放羽状流行为及其对环境影响具有工程意义。基于欧拉多相流方法,采用欧拉双流体模型对深海采矿细颗粒羽状流开展数值模拟研究,分析近海底排放的羽状流演化和发展过程,探究羽状流初始排放质量浓度、排放速度对羽状流扩散过程的影响。结果表明：初始排放条件对羽状流演化性质有重要影响。主射流区被稀释的程度随着初始入射速度的增大而减小,随着入射质量浓度的增大而增大;初始羽状流入射速度和质量浓度越大,撞击海底后的水平方向流动速度越快,影响区域越广;水平速度的峰值随着初始入射速度的增大呈对数增长;当初始质量浓度和速度高于50 g/L和 0.5 m/s 时可能会导致颗粒在海底撞击点附近堆积成坡状,影响底流的后续发展。研究结果可以为深海采矿尾矿排放参数选择提供参考。 相似文献
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瞬变电磁法是深海多金属硫化物勘探的有效手段。海底多金属硫化物中高品位的金属组分会引起极强的激电效应，且对瞬变电磁响应产生显著影响。本文通过实验室测量和数值模拟对深海多金属硫化物的激电效应进行了探讨和分析。首先对西南印度洋中脊热液区的岩矿石样品进行了较为系统的电性测试，典型硫化物的复电阻率在频率域有最大达160 mrad相位移动，时间域与频率域的测量结果表明，极化率参数可以很好地区分硫化矿物与围岩。利用Cole-Cole模型对实测复电阻率进行解释，得到复电阻率的特征参数，分析各参数与块状硫化物组分和结构的关系，并根据极化率参数对典型硫化物进行了分类。将典型硫化物的激电参数用于计算层状介质的瞬变电磁响应，计算结果表明，在海底多金属硫化物矿床瞬变电磁法响应的最佳观测时窗内可同时观测到激电效应的影响。虽然在采集时窗晚期瞬变响应发生畸变，但在信号接收早期，激电效应能有效增强瞬变电磁法对深海多金属硫化物的探测能力，为瞬变电磁实测数据提供解释依据。 相似文献