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１水族馆海豚的饲养设施１．１豚池的分类按功能的不同可分为表演池、饲养池、治疗池以及繁殖池等。有些水族馆是将一个大池用网围隔成几个大小和功能各异的小池。按豚池设施条件的不同可分为自然型、半开放型、人工型。自然型豚池的投资和运转费用最低，但海豚逃跑是一个值得注意的问题；采用砂滤槽的半开放型豚池要建在水源比较方便的位置，因为每天要向池内补充大量的海水；人工型豚池的投资和运转费用最高，但从吸引游人的角度考虑却是值得的。１．２水质管理除自然型豚池之外，其他两种类型的豚池都配有池水消毒系统。消毒方法主要有次… 相似文献
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沟通行为是组织管理者在信息沟通过程中采用的活动方式,它不仅与组织生产率有关,而且会影响到员工的工作满意度及其绩效水平.文章从组织行为学角度出发,探析管理者沟通的行为模式,最后提出在管理沟通行为过程中需要注意的问题. 相似文献
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在对经济活动中，“搭便车”行为及其后果和对我国海开发中“搭便车”行为及其成因分析的基础上，提出了在海洋开发中减少“塔便车”行为的措施。 相似文献
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厦门港的中华白海豚Ⅴ.对水生生活的适应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
１９９４～１９９９年,在厦门港２０个中华白海豚监视站进行观测,实施了８７航次跟踪拍照,对７头幼仔和６头成体标本进行了现场测量和解剖。第二次下水的中华第豚既具备哺乳动物纲最基本的特征,也在运动（游泳）、水下生殖和哺乳、呼吸和感觉（包括声纳）等方面产生了一系列对水环境的适应。 相似文献
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温度和盐度骤变条件下凡纳滨对虾的行为变化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以视频记录分析的方法,研究凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei在温度和盐度骤变条件下的运动行为、摄食行为及相关生理活动的变化。结果表明,当温度由29℃骤降至18和23℃时,对虾的活动频率、游走速度和颚舟片的摆动频率明显下降,索饵时间显著增加(p<0.05);当温度由29℃骤升至36℃时,对虾的活动频率、游走速度和颚舟片的摆动频率显著升高(p<0.05),索饵时间没有显著差异(p>0.05)。当盐度由30骤降至5和10时,对虾表现出强烈的逃避行为,活动频率、游走速度和颚舟片的摆动频率均显著升高(p<0.05),并且在观察时间内没有发生摄食行为。 相似文献
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白Ji豚哨叫声的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于１９９６年１月,在中国科学院水生生物研究所白Ｊｉ豚馆人工饲养池和潮北省石首市天鹅洲长江故道,使用频响范围分别为０－１００ｋＨｚ和０－１６ｋＨｚ的磁带记录系统,记录了一头成年雄性和一头成年雌性白Ｊｉ豚的哨叫声。采用计算机信号分析系统详细分析了哨叫声的结构和声谱图,并与其它鲸类哨叫声进行比较。结果表明,白Ｊｉ豚哨叫志折最大和最小频率平均值分别为５８４１Ｈｚ和４９７５Ｈｚ,频率变化幅度一般小于１０００ 相似文献
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在潮汐作用的影响下，旅游者可进行活动的范围、内容和形式不断发生着变化，从而影响其分布、流动等行为活动。文章采用近邻分析、标准差椭圆等地理学方法分析并总结旅游者在海岛型旅游目的地内部的行为规律及其影响因素，对海岛精细化规划、管理和服务具有重要意义。结果表明：旅游者活动集中在沿海区域，呈现出整体分散、局部聚集的分布特征和逆时旋转的流动规律；旅游者行为与动态潮汐之间尚未呈现强相关的变化规律，观光型旅游者在岸活动较多，落(低)潮时段存在旅游者向海移动的趋势；不同类型海岸之间存在吸引力和可进入性门槛等差异，导致旅游者活动数量整体呈现出基岩质>砂砾质>淤泥质的特征；旅游者在时空行为上的相似性和冲突性是导致养马岛生态环境压力过重、旅游业发展不均衡、多元空间关系紧张的重要原因。 相似文献
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Differences in the response of a striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) and a harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) to an acoustic alarm 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Kastelein RA Jennings N Verboom WC de Haan D Schooneman NM 《Marine environmental research》2006,61(3):363-378
Small cetacean bycatch in gillnet fisheries may be reduced by deterring odontocetes from nets acoustically. However, different odontocete species may respond differently to acoustic signals from alarms. Therefore, in this study a striped dolphin and a harbour porpoise were subjected simultaneously to sounds produced by the XP-10 experimental acoustic alarm. The alarm produced 0.3s tonal signals randomly selected from a set of 16 with fundamental frequencies between 9 and 15kHz, with a constant pulse interval of 4.0s (duty cycle 8%) and a Source Level range of 133-163dB re 1muPa (rms). The effect of the alarm was judged by comparing the animals' respiration rate and position relative to the alarm during test periods with those during baseline periods. As in a previous study on two porpoises with the same alarm, the porpoise in the present study reacted strongly to the alarm by swimming away from it and increasing his respiration rate. The striped dolphin, however, showed no reaction to the active alarm. Based on harbour porpoise audiograms and the specific audiogram of the striped dolphin in the present study, and the low background noise levels during the experiment, both animals must have heard the alarm signals clearly. This study indicates that cetacean species are not equally sensitive to human-made noise disturbance. Therefore, source levels of acoustic alarms should be adapted to the species they are supposed to deter. In addition, alarms should be tested on each odontocete species for which they are intended to reduce bycatch. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):523-529
Feeding periodicity, consumption rate, absorption efficiency, respiration rate and ammonia excretion were measured as functions of wet body mass in abalone collected from the western and southern Cape coasts. A well developed diel feeding rhythm was evident, consumption being restricted to the period 16h00–08h00. Food intake averaged 8,1 per cent of wet flesh mass·d?1 at 14°C and 11,4 percent at 19°C. The daily consumption rate was related to body mass by the relationships C(g) = 0,54 W(g)0,67 at 14°C and C(g) = 0,35 W(g)0,77 at 19°C. Absorption efficiency averaged 37 per cent and was independent of body size. Equations relating respiration rate to wet body mass were R(m? O2·h?1) = 0,03 W(g)0,83 at 14°C and R = 0,03 W(g)0,94 at 19°C. No significant differences were detected between day and night rates or between fed and starved individuals. The rate of ammonia excretion (μmole·h?1) was related to wet body mass (g) by the equations U = 0,22 W0,43 at 14°C and U = 0,03 W0,85 at 19°C. 相似文献
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采用实验生态学方法,进行了鮸鱼仔稚鱼发育生长方式及其生态学意义研究。结果表明,鮸鱼的形态学变化和器官分化主要发生在仔鱼期。仔鱼期头部和尾部快于躯干部的生长。仔鱼头部(拐点:9.80mm体长)、眼径(8.87mm)和口径(23.40mm)的正异速生长为仔鱼的呼吸和摄食提供了有利条件;尾长(16.40mm)正异速生长为减少仔鱼运动能耗和成功逃避捕食者准备了条件;虽然躯干部生长比较缓慢,但是体高呈现正异速生长(11.20mm),这可能与仔鱼消化系统为满足其迅速发育的营养需要而快速生长及鳔的发育有关。结果表明,鮸鱼在早期发育阶段优先发育对生长生存起关键作用的器官,即运动、视觉和摄食器官。但在稚鱼阶段,其主要长度量度相对于体长指标均呈现负异速成长。 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):43-55
Counts and photographs of right whales Eubalaena australis taken on aerial surveys of the southern coast of South Africa between 1969 and 1998 have been used to examine patterns of coastal distribution between successive 20-minute bins of longitude. Some bins had consistently higher densities of whales than others, cither of cows with calves or of unaccompanied adults. Apart from an overall increase in density, the centre of distribution shifted 40–60 minutes of longitude to the west over the 30-year period. Most (>93.4%) female calves born on the South African coast returned there to have their first calf, but only 52.9% were photographed with their first calf in the same or an adjacent bin as that of their natal year. This compares with 60.9% of multigravid females that occurred in the same or an adjacent bin as that of their previous calf, with significantly more west-ward (368) than eastward (255) shifts in distribution between calves. Approximate residence times for cow-calf pairs in the De Hoop region were 12–105 (average = 59.0 ± 3.9) days: dispersal rates were low between July and September but increased thereafter. Incidental records of coastwise movement were mainly to the west, but were probably influenced by the survey direction. Distances moved ranged from 6 to 202 km. at average speeds of 0.08–2.89 km·h?1. Theodolite tracking of undisturbed groups of right whales from Cape Columbine produced a similar range of swimming speeds. Inter-calf movements of cows between the survey area and the coasts to both east and west indicated that the entire South African coast could be considered as one homogeneous winter assemblage area for right whales. 相似文献
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流速作为深远海养殖海区选址的重要依据,也是影响鱼类游泳能力的重要因素之一,为评价深远海养殖良种斑石鲷(Oplegnathus punctatus)的游泳能力,明确最适放养规格,分别以体重50、150、250、350g的斑石鲷为研究对象,利用鱼类游泳能力及运动消耗检测装置,在24℃条件下,解析了不同规格的斑石鲷在四种流速下的续航时间、暴发游泳速度(Uburst)、临界游泳速度(Ucrit)和运动耗氧率(MO2),并计算出其单位位移耗能(COT)和最适游泳速度(Uopt)。结果表明,鱼体规格和流速均会对实验鱼续航时间产生影响显著(P<0.001,F=25.401,df=1),50g斑石鲷在60cm/s流速下续航时间显著小于其他三种规格(P<0.05),在大于60cm/s流速下,四种规格斑石鲷续航时间均小于30min;250g和350g斑石鲷暴发游泳速度显著高于50g与150g(P<0.05);斑石鲷临界游泳速度与体重成正相关(R=0.96),不同规格下临界游泳速度存在显著差异(P<0.05);各规格实验鱼间最适游泳速度无显著差别(P>0.05)。以上结果表明,不同规格斑石鲷游泳能力存在显著差异,其中250g和350g斑石鲷耐流能力显著优于50g和150g。综上所述,斑石鲷在深远海海域进行陆海接力养殖时,建议放养250g以上规格,且养殖海域流速不超过60cm/s。 相似文献
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自然海域中曼氏无针乌贼产卵亲体性成熟提前和小型化现象明显，这可能是一种适应性进化，人工干预背景下曼氏无针乌贼繁殖期行为的动态变化值得关注。2020年4-6月室内采用聚焦个体扫描法和定点连续记录法分别观察和记录了曼氏无针乌贼繁殖期的行为活动，并按其生活习性和行为的生物学功能等进行系统化分类，构建了繁殖期行为谱。结果表明，曼氏无针乌贼繁殖期行为谱主要包括三大类12种行为：（1）游泳行为主要分为前进和后退，繁殖期的雌性多处于静潜水底或静浮水中的状态；（2）捕食行为主要分为发现、定位、捕捉和咀嚼等系列动作，曼氏无针乌贼能够快速感知周围17.0-36.0 cm范围内的饵料，捕捉的有效距离为8.0-22.0 cm，能在2.0-10.0 s内完成对饵料的高效捕获；（3）繁殖行为复杂，主要分为求偶、伴游、交配、产卵等，其中求偶行为体现在雄性对雌性的自我展示、追逐配对和争斗护卫等过程，雄性在争斗护卫和伴游过程中的护雌行为尤为激烈。曼氏无针乌贼交配时采用"头对头"的方式，平均交配持续时间42.9 s。曼氏无针乌贼对产卵附着基有选择性且偏好于最初的附卵物，卵群对雌性产卵行为有诱导和刺激作用，每次产卵到附卵过程平均用时108.6 s。曼氏无针乌贼繁殖期行为谱特征的研究可为后续曼氏无针乌贼行为机制和基于全生活史的资源保护等方面提供理论依据。 相似文献