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福建省海洋功能区划编制的若干技术方法探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对福建省海洋功能区划编制过程中遇到的几种海洋功能区设置问题进行了分析,并提出相应的解决方法：（1）在海洋环境保护要求不同的功能区之间或对安全边界要求较高的功能区之间设置缓冲区.（2）调整养殖区分类,增加围海养殖区并取消港湾养殖区.（3）根据海洋保护区的核心区、缓冲区和实验区范围合理确定海洋功能区的范围.（4）将保留区分类调整分为预留区和主要功能待定区2个二级类.（5）增加临时排污功能区. 相似文献
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海洋政策的制定和实施不可能是孤立的,一方面,随着时间的推移,人类在海洋中活动能力日益增强,海上活动不断频繁,海洋事务日趋复杂,海洋政策不断变化;另一方面,随着人类对海洋的开发越来越深入,海洋政策包含的内容也越来越多,体现出综合性、跨部门性的特点。因此,围绕海洋政策的研究,就产生了两条路径：纵向的历史研究;横向的部门海洋政策研究。文章采用这两种研究方法,对我国海洋政策做了回顾梳理,并对未来海洋政策的发展进行了展望。 相似文献
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HM2000 型剖面浮标是一种新颖的国产海洋观测仪器,可以长期在海上自由漂移并连续测量 0~2 000 m 水深内的海水温、盐度剖面数据,已被国际 Argo 组织用于全球 Argo 实时海洋观测网建设和维护。 详细介绍了该型浮标的工作原理、结构、功能和主要技术指标等,并与 APEX 型浮标进行了比较分析, 表明了 HM2000 型剖面浮标具有明显的功能优势,且测量的温、盐度质量是有足够保证的,完全可以替代国外浮标用来主导建设我国的 Argo 区域海洋观测网。 相似文献
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海洋生态补偿不仅有利于保护海洋资源,实现海洋经济可持续发展,而且是落实党的十八大提出的加强生态文明制度建设的重要途径。近年来,国内外学者对海洋生态补偿进行了广泛研究,取得了大量的研究成果,但也存在着由于研究视角差异导致的概念界定模糊、补偿范围和补偿标准不一等问题。文章基于海洋生态增益型补偿和抑损型补偿的基本分类,针对海洋生态补偿制度建立的关键点,分别从补偿主体与受偿对象、补偿范围与标准、补偿方式3个侧面对已有的研究成果进行系统梳理,希望对我国海洋生态补偿的科学性、规范性和可操作性研究提供借鉴和参考。 相似文献
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激流观测与资料处理若干问题的探讨 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
随着海洋调查研究的进一步深入，海洋激流这一重要的海洋动力现象已越来越引起海洋科学工作者的重视，如何进行激流观测和资料的处理，已成为有关人员十分关心的问题，以江苏近海及渤海埕岛海区潮流辐合带流况为例，探讨了过去测流和资料分析中的一些问题，并提出了若干的建议。 相似文献
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澳大利亚海洋产业发展战略 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
澳大利亚专属经济区和大陆架面积1600万平方公里,相当于本国陆地面积的2倍。为了加强海洋管理,充分利用开发海洋资源,澳大利亚海洋产业和科学委员会(AMISC)经过2年的调查,在征求政府部门和海洋产业部门意见的基础上,于1997年提出了澳大利亚海洋产业发展战略;以提高澳大利亚海洋产业国际竞争能力,坚持生态可持续发展为基本原则,此发展战略的目标是实现海洋产业对促进澳大利亚经济的发展,对扩大就业机会的贡献。 相似文献
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我国海水鱼类核型及染色体显带研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
综述了我国已研究的77种海水鱼类核型,包括鲈形目51种、鲉形目8种、鲽形目6种、鲀形目5种、鳗鲡目3种、鲱形目2种和鲻形目2种。分析了海水鱼类染色体显带、限制性内切酶显带、二价体及多重带显带的研究进展,并对海水鱼类细胞遗传学研究的前景作了展望。 相似文献
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Vasilis Gerovasileiou Eleni Voultsiadou Yiannis Issaris Argyro Zenetos 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(2):239-256
The number of alien species in the Mediterranean Sea is increasing rapidly, but few attempts have been made to evaluate impacts on specific habitat types. The present study investigated alien biodiversity in Mediterranean marine caves, both by contributing new records of Eastern Mediterranean cave aliens, and by reviewing the scattered existing literature; the main goals were to highlight potential impacts and investigate the importance of cave environments for the expansion of alien species. Seven new alien species were found in marine caves of the Aegean and Ionian seas, raising the total number of aliens reported from Mediterranean marine caves to 56 species, classified as molluscs, cnidarians, bryozoans, polychaetes, crustaceans, macroalgae, fishes and tunicates. Most cave aliens (66%) were recorded from the Southeastern Levantine coasts, specifically from Lebanese caves. Shipping and Lessepsian migration have been suggested as the main pathways of alien introduction into caves of the Mediterranean Sea. The comparison of alien cave biodiversity with the updated Mediterranean alien inventory (32 species added to the latest inventory) showed similar patterns and trends for species richness, biogeographical origin and major introduction pathways, corroborating previous findings on the high local representativeness of Mediterranean cave biodiversity. Alien species seem to have invaded mostly the entrance and semi‐dark zones of shallow and/or semi‐submerged caves and tunnels, whereas only a few have reached the dark inner sectors or caves of the anchialine type; thus, the unfavourable cave environment seems to be naturally protected from impacts related to opportunistic invasive species, at least to a certain point. Currently there is no research confirming any direct impacts of alien biota on the native cavernicolous one. However, some issues have emerged, implying potential threats that need to be further explored: (i) the presence of a considerable proportion of aliens in most studied marine caves of the Southeastern Mediterranean basin, (ii) the recently observed population explosion of alien cave‐dwelling fishes in the same area, (iii) several indications that alien diversity in marine caves is much higher than we know today. Quantitative surveys and monitoring schemes are needed in order to evaluate potential effects of alien diversity on cave community structure and the role of marine caves as stepping stones for its expansion in the Mediterranean. 相似文献
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依据干银法和蛋白银法染色法研究了黄渤海沿岸经济鱼类寄生的车轮虫科内 3属 4种纤毛虫 :球核拟车轮虫、斜拟车轮虫、劳牧小车轮虫及简单两分虫。其中球核拟车轮虫和斜拟车轮虫为我国的新记录。文中对所涉车轮虫的形态学、宿主、分布、流行情况等做了报道。 相似文献
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In October 2004, the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) sponsored a symposium to consider “Mechanisms that regulate North Pacific ecosystems: Bottom up, top down, or something else?” It sought to examine how marine populations, particularly the upper-trophic-level species, are regulated and to understand how energy flows through marine ecosystems. This introductory essay examines aspects of control mechanisms in pelagic marine ecosystems and some of the issues discussed during the symposium and in the 11 papers that were selected for this special issue. At global scales, the greatest biomass of fishes, seabirds and marine mammals tends to occur in regions of the world ocean with high primary production, e.g., the sub-arctic seas and up-welling regions of continental shelves. These large-scale animal distribution patterns are driven by food availability, not the absence of predators. At regional scales however, it is likely that current predation or past predation events have shaped local distributions, at least in marine birds and pinnipeds. Wasp-waist control occurs when one of the intermediate trophic levels is dominated by a single species, as occurs with small pelagic fishes of the world’s up-welling zones. Processes in these ecosystems may have features that result in a switch from bottom-up to top-down control. 相似文献
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论文资料表明中日两国海区共出现４３５１种鱼类，分属３２９科。其中中国分布为３０４８种，日本为３２５４种，两国共有种为１９５１种，占海区鱼类总数的４４．８４％。文中并对上述鱼种依不同海区作了比较分析，其中有上百种鱼种是两国渔业的主要对象。论文指出，中日海洋鱼类的高度多样性是同源扩布的产物；同时，又由于区维与海流系统的差异，导致鱼种在共性基础上的分异。保护海洋鱼类多样性是持续渔业生产的基础，我们应共同努力为建立资源管理型渔业而努力 相似文献
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海洋桡足类滞育卵在海水养殖业中的应用及其前景 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海洋桡足类作为小型甲壳动物 ,是鱼虾类良好的天然饵料 ,其繁殖和培养将在现代海水养殖业中发挥重要的作用。本文就桡足类滞育卵的产生、控制条件和在养殖业上的潜在价值等进行了综述 相似文献
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Freshwater inflow has a strong impact on the biological, chemical and physical characteristics of estuaries, which in turn affect the distribution and abundance of estuarine organisms. Increased climatic variability associated with climate change is predicated to modify precipitation patterns, which will likely intensify floods in estuaries. The demersal fish assemblage of the freshwater-dominated Great Fish Estuary, South Africa, was sampled using beam trawls, monthly, from December 2013 to November 2014. The first six months of the study were characterised by river flooding and high flow, with estuarine conditions found only in the mouth region; this was followed by six months of intermediate flow, with estuarine conditions recorded up to 10 km from the mouth. River flooding and subsequent reduced salinity resulted in a decrease in species richness and abundances of fishes in the estuary, with only two estuarine species (Glossogobius callidus and Psammogobius knysnaensis) and one marine migrant (Solea turbynei) recorded following river flooding (201 m3 s?1), in January 2014. The greatest species richness and abundances among both marine and estuarine fishes were recorded during intermediate flow conditions. We conclude that although freshwater inflow into estuaries is important for the nursery function of these systems, flooding—especially in freshwater-dominated estuaries—may cause a temporary decline in the abundance of most marine and estuarine fish species, including important bentho-pelagic marine migrant fishery species, such as Argyrosomus japonicus and Pomadasys commersonnii. 相似文献
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Yesenia Gallegos-Navarro Scott Monks Sergio García-Ibáñez Agustín A. Rojas-Herrera José Luis Rosas-Acevedo 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2019,53(3):377-396
Metazoan parasites communities of marine fishes can include both adults and larval stages of several endoparasite groups that use fishes as intermediate or paratenic hosts. The richness and abundance of parasite species larvae that harbour a fish species can therefore be a good indicator of that species’ role as an intermediate host to endoparasite species.
The parasite communities of two small carangid fishes (Selar crumenophthalmus and Decapterus muroadsi) from Mexican Pacific coasts were quantified and analysed. Five hundred sixty-three carangids (S. crumenophthalmus, n?=?402; and D. muroadsi, n?=?161) were collected between April 2014 and April 2018 from three locations. Twenty-four metazoan parasite species were identified in both hosts: five species of Monogenea (adults), eight of Digenea (7 adults and 1 metacercaria), two of Cestoda (larvae), two of Nematoda (one adult and one larva), two of Acanthocephala (adults), and five of Copepoda. Larval helminths numerically dominated the endoparasite communities of both hosts, suggesting that these carangids are important intermediate hosts for several parasite species. Component parasite community richness and species composition differed between hosts, locations, and sampling years. Variations in host feeding behaviour, and body size were considered as important factors influencing these differences. 相似文献
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根据细菌分类原理和《伯杰氏系统细菌学手册》的生化鉴定特征，找出最能区别弧菌属Vibrio各种的主要特征15项，制成弧菌属常见种的快速简易生化鉴定系统。对待定鱼类病原菌进行快速鉴定，获得满意结果。 相似文献
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南麂列岛海洋自然保护区是国务院批准建立的我国首批5个国家级海洋自然保护区之一,素以海洋生物,特别是贝藻类生物资源丰富、种类繁多而著称,俗称"贝藻王国",也是众多渔业资源繁殖、索饵、生长的良好场所。本文根据2013年11月、2014年2、5、9月在南麂列岛海洋自然保护区开展渔业资源底拖网调查所获得的虾类资料,对南麂列岛海洋自然保护区的虾类种类组成、优势种、物种数量空间分布及多样性、相似性等群落结构特征的影响因素进行了研究。结果得知,调查海域共鉴定出虾类种类25种,隶属于9科17属,不同季节优势种更替较显著,虾类种数各季节间变化较为稳定,岛礁区的虾类种类数高于沿岸区,夏季多样性低于其他季节,虾类种类数和多样性指数平面分布相似,地形、水深和水系等环境因素对虾类群落结构影响较大;分布在南麂列岛调查海域的虾类以季节性的广温广盐性种类为主,虾类一般生活在有利于索饵、成长的泥沙底质沿岸区,夏季受台湾暖流、食物链中的鱼类捕食关系影响,其生物多样性较低,虾类多样性分布随水深变化明显,这可能主要是由于调查海域的主要优势种虾类活动范围与水深有关。 相似文献