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1.
盐度对长江口3种滤食性贝类滤水率、摄食率、同化率的影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
采用实验生态学方法研究了盐度对长江口缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)、河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)和光滑河蓝蛤(Potamocorbula laevis)滤水率、摄食率、同化率的影响。缢蛏组设6个盐度梯度(5,10,15,20,25,30),光滑河蓝蛤组设6个盐度梯度(5,10,15,20,25,30),河蚬组设6个盐度梯度(0,5,10,15,20,25),并测定了此3种滤食性贝类的生物学参数。结果显示,3种滤食性贝类的滤水率、摄食率和同化率随着盐度的上升而增加,当上升到一定盐度时达到峰值,然后随着盐度的升高而降低。盐度20时,缢蛏滤水率、摄食率和同化率达到峰值,分别为0.57L/h、5.38mg POM/h和0.72%。盐度10时,光滑河蓝蛤滤水率和同化率达到峰值,分别为0.46L/h和0.53%,摄食率在盐度15时达到峰值3.80mg POM/h。盐度5时河蚬滤水率和摄食率都达到峰值,分别为0.39 L/h和2.48 mg POM/h,同化率在盐度0时已达到峰值0.51%,并随盐度上升而下降。上述结果表明,盐度对3种滤食性贝类的3个摄食生理指标均有显著影响。 相似文献
2.
饵料浓度、温度对缢蛏能量代谢的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以缢蛏（Sinonovacula constricta）为实验对象,使用实验室静水法,研究其在不同饵料浓度、温度梯度下的代谢情况,测定其摄食、呼吸、排粪、排泄等生理参数,并根据能量平衡原理估算了缢蛏的能量收支情况。结果表明:（1）缢蛏的摄食能、呼吸能、排泄能随饵料浓度的上升而增加;随着温度的变化,其摄食能呈峰值性改变,呼吸能和排泄能有缓慢增长趋势;（2）缢蛏从球等鞭金藻（Isochrysis sphaeric）中摄取的有机碳源主要通过呼吸代谢消耗,以粪便的形式排出,少部分随排泄代谢产物流出,余下的碳主要用作贝类自身的生长;（3）单因素方差分析表明,饵料浓度和温度均显著影响缢蛏的摄食率和耗氧率（P<0.05）,温度为23℃时,缢蛏的摄食率和耗氧率在饵料浓度为3.0×105 cells/mL时达到最高;饵料浓度为3.0×105 cells/mL时,缢蛏的摄食率在23℃时达到最大值,而耗氧率和排氨率在31℃时达到最高。 相似文献
3.
摄食水平对异育银鲫生长及能量收支的影响 总被引：31，自引：3，他引：28
于 1 995年 6月在中国科学院水生生物研究所关桥繁殖场采集异育银鲫自繁鱼种(体重为 1 .2 6± 0 .0 5g) ,采用生长实验的方法 ,在 30℃水温下 ,测定其从饥饿到饱食 6个摄食水平下的生长和能量收支。结果表明 ,随着摄食水平的增加 ,鱼体干物质和能量含量、表观消化率呈上升趋势 ;湿重特定生长率随摄食水平的增加呈线性上升 ,干重和能量特定生长率呈对数增加 ;饲料转化效率随摄食水平增加而增加 ,达到最大值后维持不变。排泄能和总代谢耗能占摄入食物能的比例不受摄食水平的影响。最大摄食水平下的能量收支式为 :1 0 0C =1 2 .32F 3.2 1U 63.74R 2 0 .72G ,式中 ,C为食物能 ,F为粪便能 ,U为排泄能 ,R为代谢能 ,G为生长能。 相似文献
4.
在水温20 ℃和盐度30的条件下研究摄食水平对(魚夋)碳收支的影响.摄食水平分为饥饿(不投喂)、1、2、3、4(指日摄食量占鱼体重百分比)和自由摄食共6组,实验持续21 d.结果表明:摄食水平对碳消化率没有影响.碳转化率、净生长率与摄食水平之间呈显著正相关关系,在自由摄食状态下分别达到9.29%和10.41%.非粪便流失碳随摄食水平增加而显著降低.粪便碳占摄入碳比例变化不大,与摄食水平间无规律性关系.在自由摄食状态下,大部分摄入碳量均通过非粪便途径流失,其中大部分是呼吸过程消耗的.余下的部分中,粪便流失量和鱼体保存量各占一半.鱼体每增长1 g体重伴有979.56 mg碳流失.在自由摄食状态下(魚夋)碳收支方程式为:100摄入碳＝9.29生长碳+9.69粪便碳+79.94非粪便流失碳. 相似文献
5.
两种饵料条件下鮻的碳收支研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据对鮻(Liza haematocheila)进行21 d 的室内模拟实验所得数据, 分析了两种饵料条件(饵料1:高营养价饵料; 饵料2: 低营养价饵料)饲育下鮻的碳循环过程。结果表明: 鮻摄食高营养价饵料后的碳消化率显著低于摄食低营养价饵料。摄入碳量受饵料种类影响, 与饵料营养价值成反比。碳摄入量中用于生长的部分(以比例衡量)不受饵料种类影响, 通过非粪便途径流失量远远高于粪便途径, 约为后者的8~10 倍。转运碳(y)与体质量(x)之间成线性关系为: y=723.13x?62.124(饵料1)与y=718.99x+832.32(饵料2)。鮻的碳收支方程式为100 摄入碳=13.03 生长碳+13.08 粪便碳+73.89 非粪便流失碳(饵料1)和100 摄入碳=12.70 生长碳+8.18 粪便碳+79.12 非粪便流失碳(饵料2)。 相似文献
6.
《海洋科学》2010,(3)
根据对(鱼夋)(Liza haematocheila)进行21 d的室内模拟实验所得数据,分析了两种饵料条件(饵料1:高营养价饵料;饵料2:低营养价饵料)饲育下(鱼夋)的碳循环过程。结果表明:(鱼夋)摄食高营养价饵料后的碳消化率显著低于摄食低营养价饵料。摄入碳量受饵料种类影响,与饵料营养价值成反比。碳摄入量中用于生长的部分(以比例衡量)不受饵料种类影响,通过非粪便途径流失量远远高于粪便途径,约为后者的8～10倍。转运碳(y)与体质量(x)之间成线性关系为:y=723.13x-62.124(饵料1)与y=718.99x+832.32(饵料2)。(鱼夋)的碳收支方程式为100摄入碳=13.03生长碳+13.08粪便碳+73.89非粪便流失碳(饵料1)和100摄入碳=12.70生长碳+8.18粪便碳+79.12非粪便流失碳(饵料2)。 相似文献
7.
运用实验生态学的方法探讨不同盐度下(15、20、25、30和35)日本刺沙蚕(Neanthes japonica)对饵料中氮的利用情况.结果表明,盐度对日本刺沙蚕的摄食氮、生长氮、粪便氮、氮的饵料转化率和特定生长率均有显著性的影响,它们均有随盐度升高而增加的趋势,到达最大值后(盐度30左右),又随盐度的升高而下降.排泄氮随盐度的变化趋势与此相反.盐度对氮的表观消化率没有显著的影响.根据回归方程计算得到日本刺沙蚕的最佳氮生长盐度为28～29.实验结果还显示日本刺沙蚕在适宜盐度下获得较高的氮生长主要归因于较高的氮摄食和氮的饵料转化率.盐度对日本刺沙蚕氮收支各组分均存在显著性影响,其中排泄氮的比例在盐度25时最小,而后随盐度的升高或降低都明显增大,这与生长氮和粪便氮比例的变化趋势相反.粪便氮的比例变化并不剧烈,范围为7.50%～9.41%.因此,排泄氮的比例和生长氮的比例主导着日本刺沙蚕的氮收支模式.日本刺沙蚕在5个盐度下的平均氮收支方程为100CN＝49.01GN+42.45UN+8.54FN,其中,CN为摄食氮;GN为生长氮;UN为排泄氮;FN为粪便氮.此外,作者还对水生动物氮收支的模式做了初步的探讨. 相似文献
8.
中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)氮收支的初步研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
研究在20、25和30℃的正常海水(盐度为31)和5个盐度、水温为25℃条件下,分别测定了3个规格中国对虾摄食沙蚕和配合饲料的氮收支。研究结果表明,中国对虾的氮摄食率随温度的升高而增大,随体重的增加而减小;盐度为5时氮摄食率最小为11.78mg·g-1d-1,盐度为13时最大为13.88mg·g-1d-1.生长氮的比例随温度的升高显着减小;盐度为20的生长氮比例最大为26.52%,此时的特定生长率也最大为7.8%,盐度为5时的最小。中国对虾摄食沙蚕和配合饲料的平均氮收支模式分别为100I=27.63G+3.58E+1.66F+67.13U;100I=18.34G+4.10E+6.07F+71.49U. 相似文献
9.
在水温20℃和盐度30的条件下研究摄食水平对鮻碳收支的影响。摄食水平分为饥饿（不投喂）、1、2、3、4（指日摄食量占鱼体重百分比）和自由摄食共6组，实验持续21d。结果表明：摄食水平对碳消化率没有影响。碳转化率、净生长率与摄食水平之间呈显著正相关关系，在自由摄食状态下分别达到9．29％和10．41％。非粪便流失碳随摄食水平增加而显著降低。粪便碳占摄入碳比例变化不大，与摄食水平间无规律性关系。在自由摄食状态下，大部分摄入碳量均通过非粪便途径流失，其中大部分是呼吸过程消耗的。余下的部分中，粪便流失量和鱼体保存量各占一半。鱼体每增长1g体重伴有979．56mg碳流失。在自由摄食状态下鮻碳收支方程式为：100摄入碳=9．29生长碳＋9．69粪便碳＋79．94非粪便流失碳。 相似文献
10.
虾蟹类生物能量学研究进展 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
虾蟹类生物能量学（Bioenergetics）是研究能量在虾蟹类体内转换的一门学科,其中心问题是研究虾蟹类体内能量收支各组分之间的定量关系以及环境因子（温度、盐度和pH等）、营养因子（饵料种类、蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物等）和内源因子（发育阶段和体质量等）对这些关系的影响,探讨生物调节其能量分配的生理生态学机制。Klein最早提出了能量在虾蟹类体内流动和转换的基本模型,该模型可归纳为以下能量收支式：C=G＋R＋U＋F＋E,式中C为摄食能,G为生长能,R为呼吸能,U为排泄能,F为排粪能,E为蜕壳能。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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18.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
19.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
20.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献