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目前,以美国为代表的海洋军事强国纷纷制定深海军事技术发展规划,加大深海的战略投入, 争夺海洋规则制定的主导权,深海战场将成为未来智能化作战的重要战场和军事争夺的制高点。为深入了解美军深海战场建设的未来趋势和制定合理的发展对策,对美军深海战场建设的发展开展研究。介绍了美军深海战场工程设施、深海战场武器装备、深海信息系统等方面的发展情况,总结了美军深海战场建设的发展趋势,对我国深海战场建设发展提出了思考与启示。 相似文献
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经过一年多的紧张筹备,天津海洋预报台自1999年5月1日起正式对天津地区发布海洋预报和海洋灾害警报。 4月30日上午在塘沽海洋站举行了天津海洋预报台揭牌仪式,市政协副主席周绍熹、国家海洋局原副局长杨文鹤等出席了揭牌仪式。 天津地处渤海西岸,海洋既是本市港口建 相似文献
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文章综述自党的十八大以来我国海洋预报减灾事业的发展情况,包括海洋预报减灾体制机制建设、海洋观测能力、海洋预警报公共服务水平、海洋减灾综合管理能力、海洋领域应对气候变化工作和海洋防灾减灾国际治理能力等方面;在此基础上,对海洋预报减灾工作提出完善体制机制、优化顶层设计、形成有机有序业务体系和提升海洋环境保障工作水平的要求。 相似文献
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21世纪初海洋预报系统发展现状和趋势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海洋预报是一切海上活动的基础,人类社会需求驱动着海洋预报的发展。海洋观测、数据同化、数值模拟和高性能计算机等技术的进步推动着全球海洋业务预报的发展。国际先进的海洋数值模式有NLOM、NCOM、HYCOM、NEMO、MOM、POM和ROMS等。在GODAE和GODAEOceanView项目期间,通过国际合作和交流,全球海洋业务预报系统得到快速发展。21世纪初,全球海洋预报系统水平分辨率最高达到1/32°,预报时效一般为一周,部分海洋预报系统能够预报诊断海洋涡旋和海洋锋等。未来海洋预报系统的分辨率和预报精度将继续提高,预报要素扩展到海洋生态和生物地球化学等学科。海洋数据同化技术、海洋物理过程参数化方案和模式耦合技术是推动海洋预报发展的重要研究方向。 相似文献
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为完善海洋观测体系,提高海洋观测数据在海洋预报和海洋防灾减灾中的适用性,文章以海洋经济较发达和遭受海洋灾害较多的温州市和台州市为例,选取潮位、波浪和水温3个重要海洋观测要素,分析海洋观测数据在海洋预报和海洋防灾减灾中的适用,并提出对策建议。研究结果表明:由于观测时间较短、地理位置特殊和数据代表性不足,海洋观测站的潮位数据未能在台风风暴潮的预报和防灾减灾中有效发挥作用;由于波浪观测仪器布设位置的地形阻挡和观测站少,波浪数据的预报准确性和实际应用不足;个别观测站的水温数据不适用于大面海洋环境和赤潮的预报,且缺少对低温灾害的观测。针对海洋观测数据的实际应用与相关业务脱节的问题,未来应提高观测数据质量、紧密结合当地海洋预报和海洋防灾减灾工作需求、开展重点目标保障预报工作以及加强海洋观测宣传教育。 相似文献
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“十二五”期间是我国海洋事业发展的重要战略机遇期,海洋的战略地位日益突出。海洋预报工作是海洋事业的重要组成部分,海洋经济发展、防灾减灾以及国防安全对海洋预报的需求越来越迫切,也越来越受到国家的重视。2012年春节前夕,中共中央政治局常委、国务院副总理李克强来到国家海洋环境预报中心慰问极地大洋考察队员并视察海洋预报等工作,在视察预报中心时,李克强副总理听取了预报中心关于海洋环境预警报等的工作汇报,视察了预报业务平台,听取了相关预报人员的介绍,询问了有关情况, 相似文献
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王辉 《海洋与海岸带开发》2012,(4):46-49
“十二五”期间是我国海洋事业发展的重要战略机遇期,海洋的战略地位日益突出。海洋预报工作是海洋事业的重要组成部分,海洋经济发展、防灾减灾以及国防安全对海洋预报的需求越来越迫切,也越来越受到国家的重视。2012年春节前夕,中共中央政治局常委、国务院副总理李克强来到国家海洋环境预报中心慰问极地大洋考察队员并视察海洋预报等工作,在视察预报中心时,李克强副总理听取了预报中心关于海洋环境预警报等的工作汇报,视察了预报业务平台,听取了相关预报人员的介绍,询问了有关情况, 相似文献
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我国沿海各级预报台站有建立海洋预报公共发布平台的必要性.随着国家对海洋的日益重视、《海洋观测预报管理条例》的出台以及新技术的发展,沿海各级预报台站全面建立海洋预报公共发布平台的条件已经成熟.文章探讨了通过电视、广播、报纸、网站、微博、微信发布海洋预报的可行性. 相似文献
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Park Kwang-Soon Heo Ki-Young Jun Kicheon Kwon Jae-Il Kim Jinah Choi Jin-Yong Cho Kyoung-Ho Choi Byoung-Ju Seo Seung-Nam Kim Young Ho Kim Sung-Dae Yang Chan-Su Lee Jong-Chan Kim Sang-Ik Kim Seonjeong Choi Jung-Woon Jeong Sang-Hun 《Ocean Science Journal》2015,50(2):353-369
Ocean Science Journal - The Korea Operational Oceanographic System (KOOS) was developed at the Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) to produce real-time forecasting and... 相似文献
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The U.S. Navy is presently planning an extremely low frequency (ELF) communications system to improve operational control and reduce the detection probability of its submarine fleet. An integral component of the shore-based ELF transmitting facility development activity is the Environmental Compatibility Assurance Program (ECAP) which was instituted by the Navy during the early stages of program concept development. The principal components of the ECAP include: electromagnetic compatibility, biological/ecological monitoring, and environmental documentation. The current activities being performed in association with each of these program elements are discussed. The necessary ECAP requirements for achieving a fully operational ELF facility are also reviewed. 相似文献
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《Ocean & Coastal Management》2006,49(9-10):676-684
The International Ocean Institute (IOI), established in 1972 and with its Secretariat in Malta, has been engaged in training and education in ocean governance for the past 25 years. The IOI network now comprises some 25 Operational Centers worldwide. Training and education activities have expanded in parallel with the growth of the network, and a variety of courses are now delivered in a multi-modal manner. Interdisciplinary, global training programs are needed to address the capacity-building requirements in ocean governance resulting from the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), and Agenda 21, Chapters 36 and 37. The IOI is responding to these needs by rationalizing its unique training and education programs with a view to coordination and networking of courses among IOI Operational Centers and their host institutions. In 1999, the IOI's Founder, Prof. Elisabeth Mann Borgese, proposed the establishment of the IOI Virtual University. This innovative idea, however, proved too costly for the IOI to implement. An alternative, more cost-effective means of coordinating all of IOI's education and training activities is now being implemented, under the brand name “IOI-OceanLearn.” The Operational Centers, their host institutions, and other training partners will work together in the development and delivery of training courses. The key aspects of IOI-OceanLearn will include quality assurance, networking of courses and accessibility. The OceanLearn niche will focus on short training courses; the implementation roadmap includes networking of the IOI's flagship training program on Ocean Governance at Dalhousie University, incorporating Ocean Science into training courses and fostering of workable capacity-building partnerships with other organizations. 相似文献
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北极海冰密集度预报对大气强迫敏感性的个例研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
YANG Qinghu LIU Jiping ZHANG Zhanhai SUI Cuijuan XING Jianyong LI Ming LI Chunhu ZHAO Jiechen ZHANG Lin 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(12):15-23
A regional Arctic configuration of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model （MIT-gcm） is used as the coupled ice-ocean model for forecasting sea ice conditions in the Arctic Ocean at the Na-tional Marine Environmental Forecasting Center of China （NMEFC）, and the numerical weather prediction from the National Center for Environmental Prediction Global Forecast System （NCEP GFS） is used as the atmospheric forcing. To improve the sea ice forecasting, a recently developed Polar Weather Research and Forecasting model （Polar WRF） model prediction is also tested as the atmospheric forcing. Their forecasting performances are evaluated with two different satellite-derived sea ice concentration products as initializa-tions： （1） the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder （SSMIS） and （2） the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS （AMSR-E）. Three synoptic cases, which represent the typical atmospheric circulations over the Arctic Ocean in summer 2010, are selected to carry out the Arctic sea ice numerical forecasting experiments. The evaluations suggest that the forecasts of sea ice concentrations using the Polar WRF atmo-spheric forcing show some improvements as compared with that of the NCEP GFS. 相似文献
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On the basis of the latest version of a U.S. Navy generalized digital environment model(GDEM-V3.0) and World Ocean Atlas(WOA13), the hydraulic theory is revisited and applied to the Luzon Strait, providing a fresh look at the deepwater overflow there. The result reveals that:(1) the persistent density difference between two sides of the Luzon Strait sustains an all year round deepwater overflow from the western Pacific to the South China Sea(SCS);(2) the seasonal variability of the deepwater overflow is influenced not only by changes in the density difference between two sides of the Luzon Strait, but also by changes in its upstream layer thickness;(3) the deepwater overflow in the Luzon Strait shows a weak semiannual variability;(4) the seasonal mean circulation pattern in the SCS deep basin does not synchronously respond to the seasonality of the deepwater overflow in the Luzon Strait.Moreover, the deepwater overflow reaches its seasonal maximum in December(based on GDEM-V3.0) or in fall(October–December, based on the WOA13), accompanied by the lowest temperature of the year on the Pacific side of the Luzon Strait. The seasonal variability of the deepwater overflow is consistent with the existing longest(3.5 a) continuous observation along the major deepwater passage of the Luzon Strait. 相似文献
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Ang Li Xueming Zhu Yunfei Zhang Shihe Ren Miaoyin Zhang Ziqing Zu Hui Wang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(11):87-103
In order to satisfy the increasing demand for the marine forecasting capacity, the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea Operational Oceanography Forecasting System (BYEOFS) has been upgraded and improved to Version 2.0. Based on the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), a series of comparative experiments were conducted during the improvement process, including correcting topography, changing sea surface atmospheric forcing mode, adjusting open boundary conditions, and considering atmospheric pressure correction. (1) After the topography correction, the volume transport and meridional velocity maximum of Yellow Sea Warm Current increase obviously and the unreasonable bending of its axis around 36.1°N, 123.5°E disappears. (2) After the change of sea surface forcing mode, an effective negative feedback mechanism is formed between predicted sea surface temperature (SST) by the ocean model and sea surface radiation fluxes fields. The simulation errors of SST decreased significantly, and the annual average of root-mean-square error (RMSE) decreased by about 18％. (3) The change of the eastern lateral boundary condition of baroclinic velocity from mixed Radiation-Nudging to Clamped makes the unreasonable westward current in Tsushima Strait disappear. (4) The adding of mean sea level pressure correction option which forms the mean sea level gradient from the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea to the western Pacific in winter and autumn is helpful to increasing the fluctuation of SLA and outflow of the Yellow Sea when the cold high air pressure system controls the Yellow Sea area. 相似文献
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The U.S. Navy, whose sonars kill marine mammals, provides approximately 50% of the funds for marine mammal research worldwide. We examined six reviews of research on the effects of anthropogenic sound on marine mammals, as well as the primary papers cited in the reviews. These reviews cite references showing noise has no effect on marine mammals at an increasing frequency as their funding moves from a conservation organization to independent to partial U.S. military sources. Primary papers are 2.3 times more likely to be cited in the reviews as concluding no effect of noise if the research was militarily-funded than if not. Thus, conflict of interest may have led to a misrepresentation of the effects of noise on marine mammals in both the primary and secondary literature, and thus misinform public policy decisions. 相似文献
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海洋站业务化观测仪器是业务化海洋观测系统的重要实体支撑。将我国海洋站中典型的国产业务化测量仪器与美国同类仪器在性能指标方面进行了对比分析,结合世界前沿海洋仪器发展现状总结了未来主要发展趋势,探讨了我国业务化海洋仪器优先发展的主要方向。结果表明,相比美国,我国国产验潮仪精度低1个数量级,测波仪的波高、周期和波向精度分别平均低0.2 m、0.27 s和5°~10°,国产观测仪器在业务运行可靠性和稳定性方面存在不足。世界海洋观测装备将更加信息化、智能化、专业化和模块化,并通过谱系化发展使其功能日臻完善,可靠性不断提高。在此趋势下,我国业务化海洋观测仪器应优先重点发展高精度传感原件和材料、抗生物污损和防腐蚀技术以及智能电子电路、人工智能和自动化技术等。 相似文献