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两个凡纳滨对虾家系体重与体长的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
凡纳滨对虾Litopeneaus vannamei家系的培育是遗传选育种的基础,其生长特性包括生长速度、体重与体长的关系等,是家系的表型特征。报道了凡纳滨对虾2个家系的体长与体重的关系。通过回归分析,凡纳滨对虾家系1体重(W)与体长(L)的关系为:W=0.0059L3.2809(R2=0.9931);家系2体重与体长的关系为:W=0.0059L3.2974(R2=0.9940),2个家系体重与体长的关系没有明显的变化,得出凡纳滨对虾体重与体长的关系为:W=0.0059L3.2895(R2=0.9934)。 相似文献
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日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponensis)池养越冬抱卵亲虾表型性状对个体繁殖力的影响效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用多元分析方法定量研究了日本沼虾池养越冬抱卵亲虾体重(BW)、净重(NW)、体长(BL)、头胸甲长(CL)、胸宽(CW)、胸高(CH)、腹节长(AL)、额剑长(RL)、尾节长(TL)等11项表型性状对其个体繁殖力的影响效应。结果表明:(1)实验对象所测各表型性状间均呈极显著相关(P<0.01),它们在对个体繁殖力各评价指标的影响上具较好的区分度;(2)影响个体绝对繁殖力(FJ)、体重相对繁殖力(FW)和体长相对繁殖力(FL)的关键表型性状及其直接作用强弱排序分别为BW>BL>CH>RL>AL>NW,BW>CL>RL>CH>TL>NW和BW>CL>CH>RL>NW,相关指数依次为0.810、0.621和0.798,其中BW-NW组合和CH-RL组合分别为决定个体繁殖力的核心变量和公共从属变量;(3)适用于估算个体繁殖力的回归方程分别为:FJ=5087.802BW-6599.877NW+200.927CH+114.774RL+211.878BL-154.965AL-6266.840,FW=1140.538BW-2018.663NW+85.217CH+70.852RL+78.694CL+74.623TL-1152.576,FL=105.453BW-134.613NW+4.307CH+2.709RL+3.623CL-61.737;(4)W(♀)=0.029BL+0.065CL+0.121CW+0.105CH-2.448可精确估算其净重值。 相似文献
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采用常规生物学方法和统计回归分析方法,对浙江近海曼氏无针乌贼的繁殖生物学特性进行了研究,比较了不同时期浙江近海曼氏无针乌贼卵巢成熟系数(GSI)、生物学体型及个体生殖力与生物学指标关系。结果表明,浙江近海曼氏无针乌贼GSI在4月份达到最高(9.51%±7.23%),相比20世纪60年代初、80年代初,自然海域曼氏无针乌贼的性腺发育提前,且生殖期延长。20世纪80年代初曼氏无针乌贼的生物学体型、怀卵量及个体生殖力均大于60年代初和自然海域曼氏无针乌贼,同时曼氏无针乌贼在人工养殖条件下生物学体型、怀卵量及个体生殖力增大。浙江近海曼氏无针乌贼的个体生殖力均随着胴长(ML)、体质量(W)、卵巢质量(WO)、GSI这些指标的增大而增大,除体质量相对生殖力(FW)与ML为密切正相关外,个体生殖力与这些指标的关系均达到了极显著水平(P<0.01)。多元线性逐步回归分析表明,WO是影响浙江近海曼氏无针乌贼个体生殖力的最重要指标。 相似文献
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海州湾及邻近海域大泷六线鱼的生长、死亡和最适开捕体长研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2011年海州湾及邻近海域的底拖网调查资料,对大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)的群体结构、体长-体重关系、生长、死亡和资源利用状况进行初步研究。结果表明:大泷六线鱼渔获群体体长范围为44~292mm,优势体长组为54~74mm,平均体长为88mm;体重范围为0.35~574.3g,优势体重组为10g,平均体重为17.94g;体长-体重关系为W=4.23×10-6 L3.31(R2=0.978 6,n=1 514)。应用FiSATⅡ软件中的ELEFANⅠ方法估算的von Bertalanffy生长方程参数L∞、K和t0分别为328mm、0.36a-1和-0.43a;应用FiSAT软件中变换体长渔获曲线法求得总死亡系数Z为2.06,自然死亡系数M和捕捞死亡系数F分别为0.62和1.44,开发率E为0.70。Beverton-Holt单位补充量渔获量模型分析表明,在现行捕捞死亡系数F=1.44、YW/R取最大值时对应的开捕年龄为1.83a。现阶段大泷六线鱼资源已处于过度开发状态,考虑拐点年龄、临界年龄、繁殖和经济效益等综合因素,建议将海州湾大泷六线鱼最适开捕规格定为体长191mm。 相似文献
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渤海小黄鱼生殖力及其变化 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
根据2004年5月在渤海进行的拖网调查资料,分析了小黄鱼(Pseudosciaenapolyatics)在经过近半世纪的捕捞后的生殖群体生殖力及其与体长、纯体质量的关系,并对小黄鱼生殖力的变化作了比较。结果表明,小黄鱼的个体绝对生殖力为14729粒±1360粒;个体绝对生殖力与叉长、纯体质量的关系变化较大;与1964年历史资料相比,相同体长组小黄鱼的个体绝对生殖力F和相对生殖力FL都显著增大(P<0.01)。小黄鱼的生殖力增加可能是小黄鱼在长期捕捞等外部环境影响下的遗传进化以及对其生存环境的适应性响应。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,(7)
矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)是黄、渤海重要的优势种之一,在近岸生态系统中起着重要作用。本文根据2016年10月和2017年1、5和8月在山东近海进行的底拖网采集的矛尾虾虎鱼样品,对其群体组成、体长-体重关系、摄食、性成熟等渔业生物学特征及其季节变化进行了研究。研究表明:山东近海海域矛尾虾虎鱼体长分布范围为30～225 mm,平均体长为(90.27±28.15)mm,优势体长组为40～130 mm;体重分布范围为0.24～80.84 g,平均体重为(8.90±8.53) g,优势体重组为0～15 g。矛尾虾虎鱼平均体长、平均体重在冬季最大,夏季最小。矛尾虾虎鱼全年体长-体重关系式为W=2.02×10~(-5)L~(2.83)(R~2=0.945 5,n=2 992尾),春季、夏季、秋季及冬季体长-体重关系为W=1.79×10~(-5)L~(2.83),W=1.11×10~(-5)L~(2.97),W=5.39×10~(-5)L~(2.61)和W=3.04×10~(-5)L~(2.74)。矛尾虾虎鱼主要摄食帘蛤科、樱蛤科等瓣鳃类,同时还摄食虾类、多毛类等,其摄食等级主要以1级和2级为主,春季和冬季摄食等级随着体长组增大呈现递增趋势,这一趋势在夏季和秋季不明显。性腺达到Ⅳ期和Ⅴ期的个体主要出现在冬季,表明矛尾虾虎鱼冬季性腺开始发育成熟。研究结果表明矛尾虾虎鱼渔业生物学特征存在明显季节差异,研究结果为进一步研究矛尾虾虎鱼的生物学特征和渔业资源评估提供了生物学资料。 相似文献
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中西太平洋金枪鱼围网鲣鱼起水鱼群种群结构分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2006年10月—2007年2月及2007年10月—2008年1月在中西太平洋海域测定的1343尾由金枪鱼围网捕获的起水鱼群的鲣鱼生物学数据,应用统计与回归的分析方法对鲣鱼的叉长组成、叉长和体重关系、性比、性腺成熟度等基本生物学特性进行了分析。结果表明:(1)起水鱼群鲣鱼的叉长范围为243～746 mm,优势叉长组为401～600 mm,占到88.24%,其中雌、雄个体叉长组成呈显著性差异(x2=843.7,P0.01);(2)起水鱼群鲣鱼的叉长(FL)与体重(W)的关系为W=6.3905×10-6FL3.1938(R2=0.9443),且叉长与体重的关系并不因性别而存在显著性差异(ANCOVA,F=0.549,P0.05);(3)起水鱼群鲣鱼的平均雌雄性比约为1∶0.95,但在501～550 mm(x2=4.00,P0.05)和651～700 mm(x2=4.17,P0.05)2个体长组中,雌雄性别比例不符合"1∶1"的理论期望;(4)起水鱼群鲣鱼的性成熟度以Ⅳ期(28.93%)和Ⅴ期(43.67%)为主,计算得出的雌鱼和雄鱼的首次性成熟叉长分别为473.15 mm和440.78 mm,均大于实际观测到的达到性成熟的鲣鱼的最小叉长。本次调查研究得出了"在调查水域鲣鱼的起水鱼群是以性成熟的成鱼为主的群体"的初步结论。 相似文献
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一种稳健的贝叶斯方法在威海近海白姑鱼体长与体重关系研究中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《海洋湖沼通报》2017,(1)
根据2014年5月、9~11月在威海市中心渔港拖网渔获物中采集的白姑鱼(Pennahia argentata)样本,利用一种稳健的贝叶斯方法研究了白姑鱼体长(全长、标准体长)与体重的关系。为得到可靠的参数估计值,将体长与体重关系式转化为线性模型,利用t分布建立参数的似然函数,通过数据标准化方法得到白姑鱼体长与体重关系式参数的后验概率分布。结果显示,本文方法可以较好估计白姑鱼体长与体重关系式参数的后验概率分布,由标准化数据计算的斜率和截距间不存在相关关系。t分布参数ν的估计值随体长与体重数据而发生变化,其分布范围为27.87~56.5。春季、秋季和全年白姑鱼的全长与体重关系式分别为W=2.540×10~(-3) TL~(3.4662)、W=4.308×10~(-3) TL~(3.3223)和W=3.963×10~(-3)TL~(3.3406),标准体长与体重关系式分别为W=1.083×10~(-2)SL~(3.2051)、W=1.498×10~(-2)SL~(3.1201)和W=1.403×10~(-2)SL~(3.1347)。春季与秋季白姑鱼的全长与体重关系、标准体长与体重关系存在显著性差异,春季白姑鱼参数b大于秋季,参数a小于秋季。威海近海白姑鱼属正异速生长种类,雌、雄群体的全长与体重关系和标准体长与体重关系均不存在显著性差异。黄海白姑鱼参数b的值与东海和南海北部白姑鱼b的值可能存在显著差异。本文的贝叶斯方法可用于估计鱼类体长与体重关系式参数及其不确定性。 相似文献
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Soil-sized particulates have been collected on board ship by a mesh technique from the lower troposphere of the North, Equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean, northern and southern Indian Ocean, South and East China Sea and various coastal localities.Spectrographic analysis reveals that, on average, the particulates have concentrations of Mn, Ni, Co, Ga, Cr, V, Ba, and Sr which are of the same order of magnitude as those in average crustal material. In contrast, the average concentrations of Pb, Sn, and Zn are one order of magnitude higher than those in average crustal material.Within this “world-wide” average there are significant geographical variations in the distributions of Pb, Sn, and Zn which may be related to anthropogenic sources.On the basis of trace-element distributions lower tropospheric soil-sized marine particulates have been divided into four genetic components; local, zonal, inter-zonal, and global. The proportions of these components vary geographically, and each component may have both a natural and an anthropogenic fraction. 相似文献
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Tautog, Tautoga onitis, is an abundant species of fish in estuaries of the northeastern United States. Planktonic tautog larvae are abundant in summer in these estuaries, but there is little information on rates of growth of tautog larvae feeding on natural assemblages of food in the plankton. We examined abundance and growth of larval tautog and environmental factors during weekly sampling at three sites along a nearshore‐to‐offshore transect in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA during summer 1994. This is the first study of a robust sample size (336 larvae) to estimate growth rates of field‐caught planktonic tautog larvae feeding on natural diets, using the otolith daily‐growth‐increment method. The study was over the entire summer period when tautog larvae were in the plankton. The sampling sites contrasted in several environmental variables including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll a concentration. There was a temporal progression in the abundance of tautog larvae over the summer, in relation to location and temperature. Tautog larvae were first present nearshore, with a pronounced peak in abundance occurring at the nearshore sites during the last 2 weeks in June. Larvae were absent at this time further offshore. From late June through August, larval abundance progressively decreased nearshore, but increased offshore although never approaching the abundance levels observed at the nearshore sites. The distribution and abundance of tautog larvae appeared to be related to a nearshore‐to‐offshore seasonal warming trend and a nearshore decrease in DO. Otoliths from 336 larvae ranging from 2.3 to 7.7 mm standard length had otolith increment counts ranging from 0 to 19 increments. Growth of larval tautog was estimated at 0.23 mm·day?1, and length of larvae prior to first increment formation was estimated at 2.8 mm indicating that first increment formation occurs 3–4 days after hatching at 2.2 mm. Despite spatial and temporal differences in environmental factors, there were no significant differences in growth rates at any of three given sites over time, or between sites. Because larval presence only occurred at a narrow range of temperature (17–23.5 °C) and DO (6.5–9.3 mg·l?1), in situ differences in growth did not appear to be because of differences in larval distribution and abundance patterns relative to these parameters. 相似文献
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P.N. Froelich L.W. Kaul J.T. Byrd M.O. Andreae K.K. Roe 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(3):239-264
Concentrations of dissolved nutrients (NO3, PO4, Si), germanium species, arsenic species, tin, barium, dimethylsulfide and related parameters were measured along the salinity gradient in Charlotte Harbor. Phosphate enrichment from the phosphate industry on the Peace River promotes a productive diatom bloom near the river mouth where NO3 and Si are completely consumed. Inorganic germanium is completely depleted in this bloom by uptake into biogenic opal. The ratio taken up by diatoms is about 0·7 × 10?6, the same as that provided by the river flux, confirming that siliceous organisms incorporate germanium as an accidental trace replacement for silica. Monomethylgermanium and dimethylgermanium concentrations are undetectable in the Peace River, and increase linearly with increasing salinity to the seawater end of the bay, suggesting that these organogermanium species behave conservatively in estuaries, and are neither produced nor consumed during estuarine biogenic opal formation or dissolution. Inorganic arsenic displays slight removal in the bloom. Monomethylarsenic is produced both in the bloom and in mid-estuary, while dimethylarsenic is conservative in the bloom but produced in mid-estuary. The total production of methylarsenicals within the bay approximately balances the removal of inorganic arsenic, suggesting that most biological arsenic uptake in the estuary is biomethylated and released to the water column. Dimethylsulfide increases with increasing salinity in the estuary and shows evidence of removal, probably both by degassing and by microbial consumption. An input of DMS is observed in the central estuary. The behavior of total dissolvable tin shows no biological activity in the bloom or in mid-estuary, but does display a low-salinity input signal that parallels dissolved organic material, perhaps suggesting an association between tin and DOM. Barium displays dramatic input behavior at mid-salinities, probably due to slow release from clays deposited in the harbor after catastrophic phosphate slime spills into the Peace River. 相似文献
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E. Wolanski P. Colin J. Naithani E. Deleersnijder Y. Golbuu 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2004,60(4):705-716
Three years of temperature data along two transects extending to 90 m depth, at Palau, Micronesia, show twice-a-day thermocline vertical displacements of commonly 50–100 m, and on one occasion 270 m. The internal wave occurred at a number of frequencies. There were a number of spectral peaks at diurnal and semi-diurnal frequencies, as well as intermediate and sub-inertial frequencies, less so at the inertial frequency. At Palau the waves generally did not travel around the island because there was no coherence between internal waves on either side of the island. The internal waves at a site 30 km offshore were out-of-phase with those on the island slopes, suggesting that the waves were generated on the island slope and then radiated away. Palau Island was thus a source of internal wave energy for the surrounding ocean. A numerical model suggests that the tidal and low-frequency currents flowing around the island form internal waves with maximum wave amplitude on the island slope and that these waves radiate away from the island. The model also suggests that the headland at the southern tip of Palau prevents the internal waves to rotate around the island. The large temperature fluctuations (commonly daily fluctuations ≈10 °C, peaking at 20 °C) appear responsible for generating a thermal stress responsible for a biologically depauperate biological community on the island slopes at depths between 60 and 120 m depth. 相似文献
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Klaus Kremling 《Marine Chemistry》1983,13(2):87-108
In June 1981, dissolved Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, and Mn were determined from two detailed profiles in anoxic Baltic waters (with extra data for Fe and Mn from August 1979). Dramatic changes across the O2H2S interface occur in the abundances of Cu, Co, Fe, and Mn (by factors of ?100). The concentrations of Zn, Cd, and Ni at the redox front decrease by factors between 3 to 5.Equilibrium calculations are presented for varying concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and compared with the field data. The study strongly supports the assumption that the solubility of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Ni is greatly enhanced and controlled by the formation of bisulfide and(or) polysulfide complexes. Differences between predicted and measured concentrations of these elements are mainly evident at lower ΣH2S concentrations.Cobalt proved to be very mobile in anoxic regions, and the results indicate that the concentrations are limited by CoS precipitation. The iron (Fe2+) and manganese (Mn2+) distribution in sulfide-containing waters is controlled by total flux from sediment-water interfaces rather than by equilibrium concentrations of their solid phases (FeS and MnCO3). The concentrations of these metals are therefore expected to increase with prolonged stagnation periods in the basin. 相似文献