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1.
中国第四纪地质发展史 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
张宗祜 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1991,11(2):1-6
中国大陆第四纪地质发展史的决定性因素是以青藏高原抬升为主的新构造运动,干冷—温暖频繁交替的古气候变化。中国第四纪时期内发生过一系列重大的地质事件:强烈的新构造活动及青藏高原的抬升;频繁的冷暖交替的气候变化;第三纪末以来古湖泊的萎缩和消亡及大陆外流型水系的形成;活跃的火山活动;巨厚黄土的堆积;第四纪大沙漠的形成和发展。 相似文献
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珊瑚礁地层中的暴露面是海平面变化的忠实记录, 对地层层序的划分和研究珊瑚礁体的生长发育过程具有重要意义。本文基于手标本观察与薄片鉴定、碳氧同位素和矿物组成分析, 识别了南沙美济岛南科1井第四纪生物礁碳酸盐岩地层中的典型暴露面, 剖析了主要暴露面与海平面变化及珊瑚礁发育演化的关系。在南科1井(NK-1)第四纪地层中典型暴露面附近以出现大量溶蚀孔穴和红褐色或锈黄色钙质结核为特征, 其碳氧同位素偏负, 并富集Al、Th、Fe和稀土元素, 具有典型碳酸盐岩风化壳的特征。南科1井全新世礁体发育在晚更新世暴露面之上, AMS14C和U-Th年龄数据证实美济岛全新世珊瑚礁生长时段与南海其他珊瑚岛礁一致, 主要发育在8.2~4.7ka时期, 该时段海平面的缓慢上升为珊瑚礁连续垂向生长提供了有利环境。Sr同位素和古地磁年龄标定的南科1井更新世地层中的主要暴露面时代与南沙永暑礁和西沙群岛珊瑚礁地层中的暴露面时代基本一致, 主要暴露面对应于全球第四纪低海平面时期。 相似文献
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The late Pleistocene–Holocene stratigraphic architecture on the steep and narrow shelf off Nha Trang, central Vietnam has been explored by high resolution seismic profiles integrated with sediment core data. Sequence stratigraphic results reveal five major seismic units and three bounding surfaces which are composed of two distinctive sequences. Those sequences are bounded by two regional unconformities (SB1, SB2) which have been formed in respond to different sea-level regimes. The revealed relict beach–ridge deposits at water depth of about ∼130 m below the present water depth indicate that the Last Glacial Lowstand (LGM) sea-level in this area was lower than in neighboring areas and it probably resulted from subsidence due to high sedimentation rate and/or neotectonic movements of the East Vietnam Fault System. The late Pleistocene high amplitude of sea-level change during a long fourth-order and superimposed by shorter fifth-order cycle is the principal factor in reorganizing the formation of the Nha Trang continental shelf sequence. Other local controlling factors as fluctuations in sediment supply, morphological variations of the LGM surface, subsidence rate and hydrodynamic conditions provided the distinctive features of the Nha Trang shelf sequence stratigraphic model in comparison with neighboring other areas. 相似文献
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Many important areas of Quaternary deltaic sedimentation along the Brazilian coast are practically unknown in the geologic
literature, especially outside Brazil. Our studies show that these areas, previously considered as highly destructive wave-dominated
deltas of Holocene age, were affected by a wave-dominated phase during the Pleistocene, succeeded by highly constructive,
intralagoonal stage in the Holocene, in turn followed by wave-dominated deltaic sedimentation that continues until today.
The geologic evolution of these coastal plains is exemplified here by the Doce River mouth area, State of Espírito Santo,
where relative sea-level fluctuations during the Quaternary played an important role in the construction of the deltaic complex. 相似文献
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Odette Conchon 《Progress in Oceanography》1987,18(1-4)
The stratigraphy of Quaternary marine sediments in Corsica is summarised: Holocene (Versilian) deposits occur at 2–5m and last interglacial sediments (Tyrrhenian Stage) from 2 to 10–15m altitude. Locally, two older deposits, up to 30–40m above present sea-level, indicate the first transgressive phase of the last interglacial stage, and the penultimate interglacial stage.Sections are described where Quaternary hydrodynamic conditions were different from present ones in the same locality. At some sites which are high energy at present, sand deposits and sandstones provide evidence of low or medium energy conditions during the last interglacial and the penultimate interglacial stages. These variations correlate with sea-level changes, particularly at Cala d'Ancone, where sedimentation occurred during the transgressive phase of the interglacial stage, and where cementation terminated during the subsequent regressive phase.The occurrence of pebbles in localities where low energy conditions prevail at present, probably represent fluvial material reworked by wave action, during the last as well as the penultimate interglacial stages.Local variations in hydrodynamic intensity correlate with sea-level changes along the western Corsican shore, although general energy conditions remained constant throughout the interglacial stages. 相似文献
8.
珠江三角洲晚第四纪沉积特征 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文主要研究珠江三角洲的第四纪地层;晚更新世玉木亚间冰期、全新世中期(大西洋期)海侵阶段的地貌景观及珠江三角洲晚第四纪以来的沉积形成过程。 相似文献
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莱州湾东部滨海水域第四纪沉积及古地理特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文通过对６个钻孔和４６１ｋｍ浅层地震剖机测量获得的测年、微古、孢粉、藻类、古地磁以及岩持征和地震反射界面等资料的综合分析，将本区第四系划分为中更新统、上更新统和全新统，对各时期的沉积进行了较详细的阐述，并对不同时期的沉积相特征和古地理环境的变化进行了初步地揭示。 相似文献
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本文利用珠江口盆地四个工程钻井的古生物、古地磁、同位素及沉积物资料，对钻孔所揭露的地层进行划分，认为所钻遇的地层包括下更新统（上部）、中更新统、上更新统及全新统。依据古生物分异度及含量作出海平面变化曲线，识别出十个海侵期，利用钙质超微化石特征种的初现面和末现面资料，将本区海平面变化曲线与太平洋Ｖ＿（２８－２３９）氧同位素曲线对比，分析了本区晚第四纪以来的沉积环境和气候，认为早更新世晚期，中更新世中期，晚更新世早期及全新世本区气候温暖，沉积环境属陆架浅海环境。 相似文献
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通过对南黄海中部B10岩心的碳酸钙、常量元素和微量元素分析发现,岩心的地球化学特征基本反映了该海区晚第四纪气候变化、海面波动以及沉积物供应的变化.在玉木亚间冰期(末次冰期亚间冰期)高海面时期,黄河可能直接注入南黄海,在南黄海中部发育水下三角洲沉积.晚玉木冰期(末次冰期盛冰期),南黄海出露成陆,局部发育陆相泥炭层.冰后期(全新世)海侵到达现今80 m等深线附近的时间大约在距今13 ka。在距今11.0～10.3 ka出现新仙女木事件.全新世中晚期海面进一步上升,沉积物粒度较细,化学风化作用加强.岩心50～0 cm段沉积物中的碳酸钙、氧化钙、锶、氧化镁含量及Sr/Ba比值低,而铜等微量元素含量增加,这可能与公元1855年黄河北迁后进入南黄海中部的黄河物质减少有关. 相似文献
12.
Li Congxian 《海洋学报(英文版)》1993,12(4):573-584
-On the basis of the data obtained from the investigations on some rivers in China and Australia, the author discusses the spatial and temporal changes of various portions of fluvial-estuarine system during postglacial sea-level rising in present coastal and deltaic areas. The evolution of a fluvial-estuarine system can be divided into four development stages: early transgression, late transgression, stationary and regression. Early transgression brought about filling-in of the paleo-valley formed in low stand of sea level. In response to late transgression the estuaries were created, during the stationary stage the big swamp was developed. The regression led to estuaries to be filled with sediments and then became deltas. At the same locality the fluvial-estuarine system changed with time. In the transgressive period the lower reach of a river changed into an estuary, and then became nearshore area. In the regressive period the nearshore area changed into an estuary , and then became delta. 相似文献
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中国东海和南黄海沿海平原MIS 3晚期海侵层的动力模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abundant evidences of higher sea levels from Jiangsu and Fujian coasts have proved a marine transgression event during 30–40 ka BP, suggesting that there was a stage with high sea level and a warm climate when ice sheets shrank in the Northern Hemisphere. The duration of 30–40 ka BP spanned a period in the late Marine Isotope Stage 3(MIS 3) and was in nature an interstadial epoch during the Last Glacial period of the Quaternary. Different from the glacial period with a cold climate, this marine transgression considered as a penultimate higher sea level during the Quaternary remains a puzzle that why the evidence is contrary to the Quaternary glacial theory. It is important to understand sea level rise for these areas sensitively responding to the global changes in the future. To recognize the key issues on sea level changes, the eustatic sea level(H_S) was defined as the glaciation-climateforced sea levels, and the relative sea level change(H_R) was defined as that a sea level record was preserved in sediment that experienced multiple secondary actions of land and sea effects. On the basis as defined above, we constructed multi-level models of climate-driven glacio-eustatic changes and land-sea systems. By integrating data sets from eight borehole cores and prescribing the boundary conditions, we simulated the changes of HS and HR in the East China Sea and southern Yellow Sea areas in the late MIS 3. The marine transgression strata from the borehole core data was identified at ca. 30 m below present sea level as a result of the collective influence of ice melting water, neotectonic subsidence, sediment compaction and terrestrial sediment filling since ca. 35 ka ago,whereas the simulated relative sea-levels turned out to be –26.3––29.9 m a.s.l. The small error involved in the simulation results of ±(2.5–4.5) m demonstrated the credibility of the results. Our results indicated that sea level change in the late MIS 3 was dominated by glacial effects, in which the eustatic sea-level was between –19.2––22.1m a.s.l. The study sheds light on the nature of sea-level changes along the east coast of China in the late MIS 3 and contributes to understanding the characteristics of marine transgression under the effects of multiple complex land-sea interactions. 相似文献
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末次冰期鄱阳湖西南缘地区的风尘堆积 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
鄱阳湖湖滨沙山是末次冰期特定气候条件下季风活动所产生的风成沙丘沉积体。在调查鄱阳湖沙山的过程中,发现位于鄱阳湖南部沙山下风方向的丰城—樟树—新余一带岗丘顶部几米厚的第四纪堆积地层,虽然颜色明显偏红,但地层性状及沉积学特征却与北方风成黄土及宁镇下蜀黄土有着很大的相似性。通过对具代表性的新余打鼓岭剖面进行分析,确认其成因系风力搬运而成的粉尘堆积。结合冬季风路径上沉积物粒度的空间变化特征,初步提出鄱阳湖沙山与新余一带风尘红土堆积是在末次冰期特定气候条件下,冬季风作用所形成的风沙-风尘堆积系统。鄱阳湖风成沙丘及其西南缘风尘沉积的发育是晚更新世末期江南鄱阳湖区气候环境恶化的佐证,也是对我国西北地区沙漠-黄土堆积过程的区域响应。 相似文献
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《Marine Geology》2005,214(4):365-387
On the Vietnam Shelf more than 1000 miles of shallow high-resolution seismics were analyzed to unravel post-glacial evolution in a tropical, siliciclastic environment together with 25 sediment cores from water depths between 21 and 169 m to determine stratigraphy, distribution and style of sedimentation. Fourty-seven samples were dated with the AMS-14C technique.The shelf was grouped into three regions: a southern part, a central part, and a northern part. On the broad Southern Shelf, sedimentation is influenced by the Mekong River, which drains into the SCS in this area. Here, incised valley fills are abundant that were cut into the late Pleistocene land surface by the Paleo-Mekong River during times of sea level lowstand. Those valleys are filled with transgressive deposits. The Holocene sedimentation rate in this low gradient accommodation-dominated depositional system is in the range of 5–10 and 25–40 cm/ky at locations sheltered from currents. The Central Shelf is narrow and the sedimentary strata are conformable. Here, numerous small mountainous rivers reach the SCS and transport large amounts of detrital sediment onto the shelf. Therefore, the Holocene sedimentation rate is high with values of 50–100 cm/ky in this supply-dominated depositional system. The broad Northern Shelf in the vicinity of the Red River Delta shows, as on the Southern Shelf, incised valleys cut into the Pleistocene land surface by paleo river channels. In this accommodation-dominated shelf area, the sedimentation rate is low with values of 5–10 cm/ky. Where applicable, we assigned the sampled deposits to different paleo-facies. The latter are related to certain intervals of water depths at their time of deposition. Comparison with the sea-level curve of [Hanebuth, T.J.J., Stattegger, K., Grootes, P., 2000. Rapid flooding of the Sunda Shelf; a lateglacial sea-level record. Science, 288: 1033–1035.] indicates subsidence on the Central Shelf, which is in agreement with the high sedimentation rates in this area. In contrast, data from the Northern Shelf suggest tectonic uplift that might be related to recent tectonic movements along the Ailao Shan–Red River Fault zone. Data from the Southern Shelf are generally in agreement with the sea-level curve mentioned above. 相似文献
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研究福建深沪湾多种相的晚更新世沉积,包括有冲洪积相的含砾砂黏土、湖相黏土、潮间带生物沉积相即大片的古牡蛎滩及滨海相河口潮滩砂黏土和风成老红砂等,研究了它们的沉积学特征和形成古环境及其可能反映的复杂的构造形变.沉积相特征表明,深沪湾地壳经历了距今约60 000 a以来早期的可能下沉(距今约28 000 a开始海浸)—距今约25 000~15 000 a的与水动型海平面上升速率大致相同的抬升(生成晚更新世古牡蛎滩)—距今约15 000~11 000 a的可能与古强地震相关的快速抬升(古牡蛎滩脱离海面形成古牡蛎滩台地,深沪湾地区生成多个陆地凹陷)—距今约11 000~7 000 a的相对稳定(凹陷内生长古森林)—距今约7 000 a的古强地震快速下沉(形成潟湖、古森林沉溺)—相对稳定—微弱抬升(又一次成陆)—距今约2 400 a的又一次古强地震快速下沉(形成海底古森林及潮间带古牡蛎滩遗迹)—相对稳定(海岸堤形成)的地壳形变及环境变迁过程. 相似文献
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通过对粤东南澳—澄海海域上第四系地层的沉积特征和年代学研究,结合陆区前人的资料,分析该区晚更新世以来的沉积环境演变特征。通过对钻孔资料的分析,将该区上第四系划分为3个沉积旋回,每个沉积旋回均具有由粗变细的沉积韵律,一般由砾砂或中粗砂开始,以淤泥或黏土结束。通过对该区不同层位14C年代测定和分析,认为该区第四系沉积开始于晚更新世中期,与韩江三角洲平原区开始接受沉积的时代一致,这表明二者是作为一个整体同时开始接受沉积的。该区前两个沉积旋回形成于晚更新世,第三旋回形成于全新世。全新世后海平面波动对该区的影响并未像对内侧平原那么明显,说明该区进入全新世后沉积环境趋于稳定,相对变化较小。 相似文献
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Reinhardt L. Kudrass H.-R. Lückge A. Wiedicke M. Wunderlich J. Wendt G. 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2002,23(4):335-351
About 6000 km of both bathymetric and high-resolution acoustic profiles were acquired on the shelf and upper slope offshore Peru between 9° S and 14° S. Two new sediment echosounder systems – SEL-96 and SES-2000DS – provided details of the sedimentary structures of the Quaternary sequences within the Sechura-Salaverry, Huacho and Pisco Basins. To a great extent, the poleward undercurrent determines the distribution of sediments. The undercurrent has generated numerous erosional unconformities, it has winnowed hardgrounds and has created mudwaves common between 250 m and 400 m water depth. Distinct subbottom reflectors within sedimentary units represent hiatuses due to periods of intensified winnowing or non-deposition. Erosional unconformities usually marked by pronounced reflectors suggest shifts of the undercurrent system related to climatic changes and eustatic variations of sea level. On a larger scale, the stacked prograding depositional sequences reflect the sea-level cycles of the Middle Pleistocene to the Holocene. Based on the stratigraphy of our piston cores and that of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 680, the depositional sequences limited by extended unconformities were assigned to oxygen isotope stages 1 to 7. Other sedimentary structures are small straight channels that were conduits for downslope sediment transport. Deformed sediments associated with synsedimentary normal faults result from creep movements indicating beginning slope failure. 相似文献