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长江三角洲泥质潮坪沉积间断的定量分析 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
现场观测获得了长江口开敞型泥质潮坪不同时间尺度的沉积速率及层偶保存率。每天观测结果表明，单个层偶的保存率约为46．6％。随着观测时间间隔的增大保存率迅速减小,大小潮周期内层偶保存率降为9．2％，季节性观测层偶保存率为3．7％。现代长江三角洲建造一个完整的潮坪沉积层序约需96a。百年尺度潮坪层序层偶的保存率仅为0．74％，99．26％的潮汐周期由于侵蚀或无沉积而没有纹层保存下来，形成间断。因此，沉积间断占潮坪层序的比例应为99．26％。沉积速率和沉积时间之间存在对数线性负相关，拟合直线的斜率为－0．39，由此推导出潮坪层序的完整性计算公式为C＝（t^*/t)^ 0.39。虽然对泥质潮坪沉积中沉积间断的估计有很大的不确定性，但它是从现代沉积过程观测中得到的，可以帮助我们更深入地认识古代潮坪沉积的特征及其成因，并突出沉积间断在潮坪沉积层序中的重要性。 相似文献
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冲绳海槽南部A23孔浊流沉积层的粒度特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对取自冲绳海槽南部的A23孔中浊积层的沉积层序特征进行了详细研究，结果表明，浊积层在平均粒径、分选系数、偏态、峰态等粒度参数、粒度组成、粒度分布上表现出显著的特征性。以A层(342～362cm)为例，浊积层的平均粒径在层内具有细-粗-细的变化，粒度分布呈以粗粒组分为主的双峰分布，正常沉积则为以细粒组分为主的单峰分布；在C-M粒度图上，砂质层的投点规律性地平行于C-M线性排列，表现出典型的浊流沉积特征。A层浊积层在层序上与典型的鲍马层序存在一定的差异，可能反映了浊流层序的区域性特征。通过上述结果和其他资料，认为冲绳海槽南部A23孔中浊流沉积层的形成主要由地震引起，而小规模浊积层的发育可能是海底峡谷中的内波／内潮汐作用的结果。 相似文献
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江苏如东海岸的潮流脊体系位于南黄海辐射状沙脊群南部,由沙脊及脊间深槽组成,为"倚岸型"潮流脊体系。本文采用水平一维模型模拟深槽从初始形态冲刷至均衡态的演变过程,用不同的潮差及初始剖面坡度等参数运行该模型,以了解深槽冲刷深度的主要控制因素及其对深槽均衡态的影响。数值实验结果表明:(1)给定初始剖面的坡度、潮差等参数,经历一定时间的冲刷之后剖面达到均衡态,其后剖面形态保持稳定,不随时间改变;(2)若仅给定初始剖面的坡度,则潮差越大,达到均衡态时深槽的冲刷深度越大,而且潮差的变化对冲刷深度有显著影响;(3)若仅给定潮差,则初始剖面的坡度越大,均衡态时深槽的冲刷深度越小且初始剖面坡度的改变对冲刷深度有显著影响。 相似文献
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厄瓜多尔Oriente盆地南部区块沉积特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过构造演化和地层发育特征分析,将厄瓜多尔Oriente盆地南部区块Napo组划分为4个层序。根据岩心中的潮汐层理、羽状交错层理、冲洗交错层理、具有大量贝壳等特征,识别研究区具有潮坪沉积环境。针对其沉积坡度缓,碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩互层沉积的特点,建立了缓坡混积陆棚边缘的沉积相模式,认为Oriente盆地南部区块Napo组发育有海岸平原、潮坪、局限台地和混积陆棚相。相序的垂向组合和平面迁移受海平面升降的控制,指出潮坪砂岩主要出现在各层序的陆架边缘体系域,水下浅滩砂岩出现在海侵体系域。从沉积角度看,潮汐水道砂体是最好的储层砂体。 相似文献
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高密度采集福建前湖湾海岸剖面133个泥沙样品做粒度分析,其频率曲线显示多种粒度分布特征,预示多种沉积环境的变化。采集研究剖面周边海滩、河口浅滩、河口、滨海沼泽和海岸沙丘等已知环境的样品作为目标样本。将目标样本沉积参数平均粒径(Mz)、标准偏差(σ)、峰态(Kg)设为判别参数,利用Excel计算海岸剖面样品与目标样本参数的距离,筛选最小距离样品,归为已知目标样本的同类。据此,分析了海岸剖面蕴含的6个沉积环境变化阶段。利用剖面底部淤泥测年14C=(328 15±170)a BP,和剖面上部泥炭测年14C=(24 130±100)a BP,了解这一变化发生的年代。自(32 815±170)a BP以来,前湖湾经历了河口浅滩-河口、沙丘-河口-滨海沼泽-海滩-沙丘等海岸环境演变过程。 相似文献
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晚第四纪长江三角洲高分辨率层序地层学的初步研究 总被引：24，自引：3，他引：24
根据钻孔资料分析了长江三角洲冰后期层序的构成：古河谷内由河床相，浅海相－河口湾相组成，海侵面在滞留沉积与潮坪堆积物之间，最大海侵面位于浅海相和前三角洲泥质层中，古河间地层层序包含滨海相，浅海相和潮坪相，其海侵面与层序界面重合，最大海侵面在浅海泥质层中，在古河谷和古河间的沉积相组合不同，但二者同在一个海侵海退旋回中形成，属同一层序。 相似文献
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河北阳原泥河湾层的沉积相及沉积系列 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
王云生 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1989,9(1):85-92
本文根据比较沉积学的原则,研究了河北阳原县22个泥河湾层的剖面的沉积结构,参考粒度分析及介形虫的古生态资料,确定了泥河层的沉积环境演变.平面上划分三个沉积系列,垂向上划分出12个沉积相模式. 相似文献
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1Introduction The sediment dynamics of intertidal flats in-volves erosion, transport, and settling processes. A-mong these, the mechanisms of sediment transportare a key question. Progress has been made in awide range of associated areas, including sedime… 相似文献
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The Mont-Saint-Michel Bay constitutes a good present-day example of sedimentation and facies in an upper intertidal domain. The tangue, a specific sediment of this area, displays an alternated structure of sandy and silty-muddy beds generated by the dynamics of tidal currents. This tidal bedding is frequently characterized by a vertical organization determined by the cyclic evolution of tidal energy during a neap/spring cycle. The organisation mainly consists in thickness variation of the successive sand/mud couplets which represent the deposit of each semi-diurnal tidal cycle. This record of tidal cyclicity can be observed in a wide range of bedding from planar bedding to climbing ripple bedding. The investigations performed allowed to clarify the conditions of deposition and of short-term preservation of these tidal rhythmites. Most well recorded neap/spring cycles develop within protected environments and necessarily require high suspended sediment concentrations. Characteristic features of these modern tidal rhythmites, such as the number of tidal event recorded per neap/spring cycle, are discussed in order to select criteria for the recognition of tidal dynamics in ancient sediments. The use of such criteria should constitute a way to discriminate subtidal to upper intertidal deposits and to propose paleogeographic reconstructions. 相似文献
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黄河三角洲下三角洲平原沉积环境 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
现代黄河三角洲活动叶瓣上河口附近发育着决口扇沉积物,潮汐影响不明显。两侧发育着具有进积潮滩特点的沉积物。叶瓣废弃后由于压实下沉和波浪作用海岸后退,形成退积潮滩。在废弃河口侧部发育较好。那里高潮线处没有侵蚀陡坎,海岸后退是由于压实下沉引起的。废弃河口附近侵蚀作用明显,高潮线处发育侵蚀陡坎,潮间带变窄。 相似文献
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《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2003,20(6-8):911-933
This paper presents the first attempt to provide a two-dimensional numerical model simulating processes and related deposits of individual subaqueous bipartite gravity flows. A new code for dense flows has been implemented and coupled with a code for turbulent flows. An integrated approach has been adopted: the numerical model is constrained by detailed facies tract analysis of outcropping ancient turbidites, and by grain-size analyses performed on the individual component facies. The results presented here illustrate the ability of the coupled model to simulate with good accuracy both the dense and turbulent flows and the related deposits. Particularly, the model can reproduce grain-size distributions comparable to those measured from the ancient turbidites. 相似文献
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从冀鲁交界的大口河口向东至顺江沟为蜿蜒120 km的粉沙淤泥质海岸。作者先后于1987、1992和2000年对该海岸进行了多次实地考察，并应用80年代至90年代末以来的航空和卫星遥感等资料对其进行了综合分析。公元11～1128年，黄河尾闾在此摆动入海，形成河口滩型海岸。1128年以后，黄河自此迁走，在海洋动力作用下，由河口滩型海岸逐渐演变成为典型的潮滩型海岸。该岸段海岸发育了广阔平坦的、相带十分明显的潮滩地带。在潮滩上同时发育了岛链状贝壳堤、残留冲积岛和巨大的多级分叉贯通性的潮水沟网络，构成了独具特色的海岸地貌环境体系，即黄河三角洲潮滩海岸时空谱系中的古代黄河三角洲海岸。 相似文献
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《Marine Geology》2003,193(3-4):177-194
Sediment cores from a tidal flat in the southeastern Yellow Sea, Korea, contain two major depositional units, a Holocene unit (Unit I) and an underlying late Pleistocene unit (Unit II). Unit I (up to 15 m thick) is a middle to late Holocene, coarsening-upward transgressive deposit. Unit II (about 10 m thick) is interpreted as tidal-flat deposits from the last interglacial period (probably oxygen-isotope stage 5e), based on its many tide-influenced signatures such as laminated silt/clay, tidal rhythmites, fossil crab burrows, authigenic minerals (pyrite and halite), clay mineral composition and a dinoflagellate cyst assemblage comparable to that of Unit I. Units I and II are separated by a regional unconformity which is highlighted by a yellow ‘oxidized layer’ in uppermost Unit II. The layer contains abundant evidence of subaerial exposure, including a yellowish sediment color, semi-consolidation, desiccation cracks, cryoturbation structures, and high degree of magnetic susceptibility. Two major interglacial highstands (Units I and II) and one glacial lowstand (uppermost oxidized layer of Unit II) thus characterize coastal to nearshore tidal deposits along the eastern margin of the Yellow Sea (western Korea). 相似文献
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青岛灵山湾潮间带沉积物粒度参数高光谱定量反演 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
潮间带表层沉积物粒度参数不仅是研究现代海岸动态和变迁的参照,也是评价人类活动可持续发展的依据。本文以灵山湾潮间带野外实地采集潮滩表层沉积物及其表面实时光谱信息为研究对象,分析高光谱用于粒度参数识别的能力。针对高光谱信息提取的困难,对光谱数据进行数学变换,利用多层感知器神经网络建立沉积物粒度参数与光谱反射率之间的关系模型,探索了利用表层沉积物反射光谱特性进行沉积物特征定量反演的可行性。结果表明:基于高光谱对沉积物粒度参数的定量预测是可行的,建立的预测模型可以较准确地反映潮间带沉积物粒度特征,其快速、准确的优点为测定潮间带表层沉积物粒度参数提供了一种新方法。该模型的建立为进一步提高潮间带变化监测和预测的研究提供了参考借鉴。 相似文献
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Twelve washover deposits were cored on the west-central Gulf Coast of Florida to provide data to permit development of a model to help identify washover facies in the stratigraphic record. Typical modern washover stratigraphy displays landward-dipping plane beds comprised of well-sorted sand with distinct laminae of shells and heavy minerals. Five subfacies are delineated which show variations in composition, texture, and bioturbation throughout the washover facies. These subfacies represent differences in flow conditions during overwash, position relative to sea level, and variable degrees of reworking after deposition. Three shell assemblages aid in identification of washover deposits. Backbarrier sediments composed of shoreface/open water species or mixed shoreface/backbarrier species may potentially be washover in origin. Sediments with purely backbarrier/quiet water shell species are likely to have been deposited independently of washover activity. Examination of washover deposits of differing ages reveals that preservation of washover stratigraphy is not exclusively a function of time. Reworking of small-scale stratification can occur in as short as a decade; however, this same stratification was found to be preserved in deposits several hundred years old. Destruction of original washover signatures is related to the position of the deposits relative to sea level, and the rate and depth of burial. Even after the destruction of small-scale stratigraphic features, washover deposits may still be identified as such due to their texture, composition, and shell assemblages. Key features in recognizing the facies after bioturbation and reworking are: (1) the presence of clean sand in otherwise muddy backbarrier sediments, (2) the landward thinning of the facies, and (3) the presence of shoreface shells or mixed shoreface/backbarrier shells on landward portions of the barrier island system. If reworking is severe and/or there are limited subsurface data, distinguishing washovers from genetically similar deposits (e.g. flood tidal deltas and spillover deposits) in the stratigraphic record is difficult and when considered out of stratigraphic context may not be recognizable. 相似文献