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1.
南海北部陆缘地震带的活动性与发震机制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
南海北部陆缘地震带是一条板内地震活跃带,对其进行研究对于华南沿海的防震减灾和南海北部的新构造活动研究具有重要意义。通过地震活动性分析发现,该地震带可以划分为闽南―粤东、阳江、雷琼3个地震活跃区和珠江口地震弱活动区。结合区域构造背景分析发现,印藏碰撞导致的华南地块往E―SEE向运动并且该区东侧菲律宾海板块高速向NW向运动是该地震带的主要构造背景;二者的高速碰撞以及华南地块与西南、南侧块体的挤压剪切产生了巨大的应变能,这些应变能通过区内的滨海断裂带与壳内低速层进行传递、调整。在受挤压、剪切影响强烈的东、西部区域,除了在NW向与NE向的小规模断裂交会部位形成小震密集区之外,还在NW向断裂与滨海断裂带的交汇区域产生应力、应变积累,引发大震、强震。而在中部受影响较弱的珠江口区域,局部断裂稀疏,因而未出现小震密集区,并且大震、强震空缺。 相似文献
2.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2016,(2)
南海北部分布有赋存石油、天然气资源的沉积盆地。南海北部的地震活动会对资源聚集的沉积盆地的稳定性有重要且直接的影响。着重对南海北部的主要断裂带分布及其活动特征进行详细分析。在对南海北部已有地震数据研究基础上,形成了南海北部断裂带分布图、南海北部的地震震中分布图。依照地震区、带小区划确定的原则,在南海北部地震活动性区划图基础上,形成了3个地震小区划,分别是广东沿海小区、福建沿海小区、珠江口盆地和台湾浅滩小区。最后对比研究了3个地震小区划的地震参数b值范围及地震动加速度,其中广东沿海小区的b值为0.949 8,福建沿海小区为0.645 2,珠江口盆地和台湾浅滩小区为0.486 5,该区的地震动加速度值介于0.115~0.379g之间。该项研究工作可以为南海北部沉积盆地稳定性分析评价提供依据。 相似文献
3.
华南滨海断裂带及其对台湾海峡地震活动的控制作用 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
华南滨海断裂带是一条经历多期次活动的强活动断裂带，它控制着台湾海峡的地震活动和构造活动，也控制着台湾海峡的形成和演化。台湾海峡的滨海断裂带是华南滨海断裂带的一部分，是影响沿海海岸工程建设最大的一条强活动断裂带。简要分析了该断裂带的地质地貌特征和在地球物理剖面上的反映，以及它对台湾海峡地震活动的控制作用。根据台湾海峡的活动断裂、地震活动和深部构造应力分布特点，初步划分出该断裂带在未来100a内的6个潜在震源区，它们分别是A区(7～7．5级)、B区(5．25—6．5级)、C区(6．75—7级)、D区(5．5—6．5级)、E区(6．5～6．75级)和F区(5．5—6．5级)。 相似文献
4.
滨海断裂带珠江口段的重磁资料解释 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过重磁资料系统处理、研究、解释,确认滨海断裂带珠江口段的存在,且是一条规模巨大特征明显的断裂带,深度在30 km以上,呈NEE向展布,是由滨岸断裂带和滨海断裂带界限的高重力地质块体带,重力、航磁梯度带或灰度带图像反映清楚。在浅部,它与NW和NE向断裂互有切割,不过,NW向断裂切割滨海断裂带和NE向断裂带的频度更高,图像更清晰。在10 km以深,NE、NW向断裂基本上消失,阻截在滨海断裂带内,某些资料认为,NE向莲花山断裂带往西南入海(本区)转为NEE走向,从重磁资料分析,这些NEE走向断裂其实是滨海断裂带的一部分。莲花山断裂带进入本区后,仍以NE45°左右方向,经深圳、香港,至万山群岛被滨海断裂带截断,图像清楚,不存在NE向转NEE向现象。滨海断裂带是一条活动性较强的断裂带,在珠江口段,强势不改,它与NW、NE向断裂交汇并相互切割,具备5级以上地震构造条件,尤其是与形成时代新、活动性较强的NW向断裂交切部位(如镇海湾、广海湾、崖门、澳门、担杆列岛地区)。但是,NW向断裂在本区较浅,不如粤闽、粤桂交界地区深(≥30 km),所以本研究区(段)地震强度应低于后者。 相似文献
5.
南海东北部海陆联测地震数据处理及初步结果 总被引：21，自引：7，他引：21
为开展南海东北部海陆过渡带和滨海断裂带横向深部结构研究，利用陆上流动地震台记录与海上气枪放炮相结合的方法，首次在广东汕头沿海进行了海陆联合深地震探测。详细介绍了该次海陆联测地震数据处理的主要步骤与流程，并针对海陆联测地震数据和常用地震软件编写了3个格式转换程序。应用这3个程序和SAC、SU等地震软件得到了初步的数据处理结果。在南澳台和新塘台的单台地震记录剖面中可以清晰地识别出多种震相，得到许多有用的地震信息，证明海陆联测的野外工作和第1阶段的数据处理工作是成功的，为下一步地壳深部结构的研究打下了良好的基础。 相似文献
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7.
华南滨海断裂带活动区段的划分及其对沿海经济开发区的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据中国科学院南海海洋研究所１９７０年以来在南海北部和台湾海峡所取得的地球物理高校资料并参考其他单位的研究成果，对华南滨海断裂带的活动性进行了分析，提出了该断裂划分为东段，中段和西段，其中以东段的活动性最强，西段次之，中段最弱。 相似文献
8.
几年来作者对泉州——汕头地震带进行了以活动断裂为中心的地震地质调查,先后完成了福建长乐——诏安断裂带近期活动的初步研究、福建沿海NW向断裂近期活动性与地震活动和福建沿海晚更新世滨海相地层的初步分析等论述,最近又在泉州等地作较细的研究,并结合确关文献,写成本文。由于作者的水平限制,文中错误难免,望予指正。一、地震活动带的基本特征泉州——汕头地震带是我国东南沿海主要的强震发生带。在此带内强震主要分布于闽江口以南到粤东沿海和近岸海域里。自西向东有三条近于平行的地震带分布,即:(1) 福州——诏安——揭阳地震分布带,北起福州经永泰、安溪、华安、漳州、三饶到揭阳; 相似文献
9.
红河活动断裂带在南海西北部的反映 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
红河断裂带是一条走滑的活动断裂带，它控制着南海西北部的构造活动，也控制着莺歌海盆地的形成和演化。根据南海西北部中穿过莺歌海盆地的地震剖面和历史资料进行解释，结果表明，莺歌海盆地的形成可分3个阶段：自50MaB．P．开始，沿红河断裂带的左旋错动和在印支地块的顺时针旋转的应力作用下，形成了莺歌海盆地的雏形；24MaB．P．之后在左旋压扭应力场作用下，形成了盆地西北部的反转构造；5MaB．P．之后发生了右旋错动，盆地内快速沉降，发育巨厚沉积层。根据盆地内最老和最新的沉积中心之间的距离，推测沿红河断裂带的左旋位错约200km。该断裂带发展到现代，其活动性大为减弱，曾发生10次小于5级地震。 相似文献
10.
广东省濒临南海,5000多公里长的海岸线上广泛分布着不同类型的滨海沙土。全省滨海沙荒地的总面积约为140万亩,主要分布在粤东潮阳至海丰、粤西阳江至湛江的沿岸及其岛屿。滨海沙荒地是一种不易改造的土壤资源,存在漏水漏肥和养分贫乏等问题。如果不进行综合改造,肆虐的风沙将覆盖良田,淤塞港口, 相似文献
11.
基于水下自主航行器(AUV)的神狐峡谷谷底块体搬运沉积特征及其对深水峡谷物质输运过程的指示 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海底峡谷是陆源物质向深海运移的重要通道。对于远离陆地的海底峡谷,通常认为浊流是物质搬运的主要营力。受限于探测精度和复杂作业环境影响,使用常规地球物理资料对深水海底峡谷尤其是对谷底沉积体的形态和结构特征的刻画不够精细。基于水下自主航行器(AUV,Autonomous Underwater Vehicle)采集的高分辨率多波束、旁扫声呐和浅地层剖面资料,对神狐峡谷群中的一条峡谷的谷底表面及部分浅部地层的沉积特征进行了分析。结果表明,峡谷谷底浅部地层并不像它平滑的表面那么简单,而是由大量内部杂乱弱反射、厚度在8.4 m及以下的块体搬运沉积体组成。峡谷中下游块体搬运沉积体大都沿峡谷走向整体呈条带状展布,不是直接来源于相邻的峡谷脊部。研究认为在特定沉积环境下(例如高海平面时期),陆坡限定性峡谷谷底的块体搬运沉积过程的重复进行是峡谷谷底物质输运的重要途径,与浊流共同雕刻了峡谷的地形地貌。基于AUV的地球物理探测技术将是研究海底浅表层沉积过程和保障海底工程施工的重要手段。 相似文献
12.
Live (stained) benthic foraminifera in the Whittard Canyon, Celtic margin (NE Atlantic) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
P. Duros C. Fontanier E. Metzger A. PuscedduF. Cesbron H.C. de StigterS. Bianchelli R. DanovaroF.J. Jorissen 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(2):128-146
Living (Rose Bengal stained) benthic foraminifera were investigated at 18 deep-sea stations sampled in the Whittard Canyon area (NE Atlantic). The stations were positioned along 4 bathymetric transects ranging from 300 to 3000 m depth: two along the main canyon axes (Western and Eastern branches) and two along adjacent open slopes (Western and Eastern slopes). The aim of this study was to assess changes of foraminiferal standing stock, composition and microhabitat in relation to the physico-chemical conditions prevailing at and below the sediment-water interface in various canyon and open-slope environments. Minimal oxygen penetration depths and maximal diffusive oxygen uptakes were recorded at upper canyon stations, suggesting a high mineralisation rate. This is confirmed by the high phytopigment concentrations measured in the sediment of the upper canyon axes. Foraminiferal abundance was positively correlated with diffusive oxygen uptake and phytopigment concentration in the sediment. This suggests a control of organic matter fluxes on the foraminiferal communities. Foraminiferal abundance was generally higher along the canyon axis compared to open-slope sites at comparable water depths. The species composition varied with water depth along all four transects, but was also different between canyon branches and adjacent slopes. The silty/sandy intercalations at many of the deeper canyon stations may have been rapidly deposited by fairly recent gravity flows. At station 51WB (3002 m), the faunal characteristics (strong dominance, shallow infaunal microhabitats) suggest that the foraminiferal community is in an early state of ecosystem colonisation after these recent sedimentation events, which would have supplied the important amounts of phytopigments. 相似文献
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14.
海底峡谷在全球陆缘广泛分布，是浅海沉积物向深海运移的主要通道，对于理解深海浊流触发机制、深海沉积物的搬运模式、深海扇的发育历史和深海油气资源勘探等均具有重要意义。本文基于高分辨率高精度的多波束测深数据，首次对南海东北部海底峡谷体系进行了研究，精细刻画了高屏海底峡谷、澎湖海底峡谷、台湾浅滩南海底峡谷和东沙海底峡谷等4条大型海底峡谷的地貌特征并分析其发育控制因素。海底坡度、构造运动、海山与海丘是影响南海东北部峡谷群走向与特征的重要因素，其中，海底坡度对于峡谷上游多分支与“V”字特征有显著的控制作用；构造运动是控制高屏海底峡谷走向的因素，澎湖海底峡谷的走向则与菲律宾海板块与欧亚板块碰撞有关，东沙海底峡谷的走向则与东沙运动相关，台湾浅滩南海底峡谷上段受NW向断裂构造的控制；海山的阻挡作用造成峡谷局部走向和特征改变。海底峡谷群输送大量陆源沉积物到深海盆并形成大面积的沉积物波，海山和沉积物波的发育导致东沙海底峡谷下段“回春”和转向。 相似文献
15.
Evan B. Forde Daniel J. Stanley William B. Sawyer Karen J. Slagle 《Applied Ocean Research》1981,3(2):59-62
A sediment study suggests that Washington and Norfolk canyons off the Mid-Atlantic States are not inactive, but have served periodically since the Late Pleistocene as conduits of sediment originating on the adjacent shelf and upper slope. Large quantities of sand occur in the canyon heads as thin beds and laminae, and on the continental slope as mixtures of sand (to ), silt and clay that are extensively reworked by burrowing organisms. Sandy turbidites occur in the canyons on the rise. Basinward dispersal, from the outer shelf and uppermost slope, is recorded by heavy mineral suites and bioclastic components, primarily foraminifera of shallow marine origin, in the lower slope and upper continental rise canyon cores. The down-axis movement of material, presumably episodic, in the Holocene to recent results from offshelf spillover into canyon heads, failure on the steep walls bordering canyons on the slope, and resuspension by bottom currents. 相似文献
16.
Michael N. Josselyn Gregor M. Cailliet Thomas M. Niesen Robert Cowen Ann C. Hurley Judith Connor Sandra Hawes 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1983,17(4):447-465
Submarine canyons may be particularly important in the transport process of drift seagrasses and seaweeds from highly productive shallow lagoon areas to deeper water. We studied the composition, export, and faunal utilization of shallow, nearshore benthic vegetation as it was transported to offshore areas via the Salt River submarine canyon on the island of St Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. The study was conducted using a saturation diving system (NULS-1: Hydrolab) during two missions in April and August, 1980. Using bottom drifters deployed in Salt River Bay and the submarine canyon, we recorded net benthic current flow up to 2 cm s?1 moving out of the lagoon and down the canyon to deeper water. Using bottom nets set up at the canyon head and at the 29 m isobar, and from transect surveys and drift clump samples, we determined drift plant export rates and drift clump biomass and species composition. The dominant drift plants were Thalassia testudinum and Syringodium filiforme and algae in the genera Dictyota, Dictyopterus, and Diloplus. During the second mission, the seagrass Halophila decipiens became more abundant, both in the drift and in large patches along the canyon floor. In both missions, more drift was collected in the nets during high wind conditions than during calmer days. Calculated turnover times ranged from 0·01 to 4·4 days for algae in the order Dictyotales and 4·4 to 18 days for Thalassia blades. Total exported biomass of drift vegetation varied between 1·4 to 65·1 kg wet wt day?1. Samples of drift vegetation contained mostly juvenile forms of both invertebrates and fishes, but in relatively low numbers. Faunal numbers were most strongly related to rate of drift movement. 相似文献
17.
Albert Palanques Emilio García-Ladona Dami Gomis Jacobo Martín Marta Marcos Ananda Pascual Pere Puig Josep-Maria Gili Mikhail Emelianov Sebasti Monserrat Jorge Guilln Joaquín Tintor Mariona Segura Antoni Jordi Simn Ruiz Gotzon Basterretxea Jordi Font Dolors Blasco Francesc Pags 《Progress in Oceanography》2005,66(2-4):89
Currents, particle fluxes and ecology were studied in the Palamós submarine canyon (also known as the Fonera canyon), located in the northwestern Mediterranean. Seven mooring arrays equipped with current meters and sediment traps were deployed along the main canyon axis, on the canyon walls and on the adjacent slope. Additionally, local and regional hydrographic cruises were carried out. Current data showed that mean near surface and mid-depth currents were oriented along the mean flow direction (NE–SW), although at 400 and 1200 m depth within the canyon current reversals were significant, indicating a more closed circulation inside the canyon. Mean near-bottom currents were constrained by the local bathymetry, especially at the canyon head. The most significant frequency at all levels was the inertial frequency. A second frequency of about three days, attributed to a topographic wave, was observed at all depths, suggesting that this wave was probably not trapped near the bottom. The current field observed during the most complete survey revealed a meandering pattern with cyclonic vorticity just upstream from and within the canyon. The associated vertical velocity ranged between 10 and 20 m/day and was constrained to the upper 300 m. This latter feature, together with other computations, suggests that during this survey the meander was not induced by the canyon but by some kind of instability of the mean flow.In the canyon, suspended sediment concentration, downward particle fluxes, chlorophyll and particulate C and N were significantly higher up-canyon from about 1200 m depth than offshore, defining, along with the different hydrodynamics, two canyon domains: one from the canyon head to about 1200 m depth more affected by the canyon confinement and the other deeper than 1200 m depth more controlled by the mean flow and the shelf-slope front. The higher near-bottom downward total mass fluxes were recorded in the canyon axis at 1200 m depth along with sharp turbidity increases and are related to sediment gravity flows. During the deployment period, the increase in downward particle fluxes occurred by mid-November, when a severe storm took place. On the canyon walls at 1200 m depth, suspended sediment concentrations, downward particle fluxes, chlorophyll and particulate C and N were higher on the southern wall than on the northern wall inversely to the current’s energy. This could be caused by an upward water supply on the southern canyon wall and/or the mean flow interacting with the canyon bathymetry. In the swimmers collected by the sediment traps, the dominant species was an elasipod holothurian, which has not been recorded in other canyons or elsewhere in the Mediterranean, indicating particular speciation. 相似文献
18.
We investigated Oceanographer Canyon, which is on the southeastern margin of Georges Bank, during a series of fourteen dives in the “Alvin” and “Nekton Gamma” submersibles. We have integrated our observations with the results of previous geological and biological studies of Georges Bank and its submarine canyons. Fossiliferous sedimentary rocks collected from outcrops in Oceanographer Canyon indicate that the Cretaceous—Tertiary boundary is at 950 m below sea level at about 40°16′N where at least 300 m of Upper Cretaceous strata are exposed; Santonian beds are more than 100 m thick and are the oldest rocks collected from the canyon. Quaternary silty clay, deposited most probably during the late Wisconsin Glaciation, veneers the canyon walls in many places, and lithologically similar strata are present beneath the adjacent outer shelf and slope. Where exposed, the Quaternary clay is commonly burrowed by benthic organisms that cause extensive erosion of the canyon walls, especially in the depth zone (100–1300 m) inhabited by red crabs (Geryon) and/or jonah crabs (Cancer). Bioerosion is minimal on high, near-vertical cliffs of sedimentary rock, in areas of continual sediment movement, and where the sea floor is paved by gravel. A thin layer of rippled, unconsolidated silt and sand is commonly present on the canyon walls and in the axis; ripple orientation is most commonly transverse to the canyon axis and slip-faces point downcanyon. Shelf sediments are transported from Georges Bank over the eastern rim and into Oceanographer Canyon by the southwest drift and storm currents; tidal currents and internal waves move the sediment downcanyon along the walls and axis. Large erratic boulders and gravel pavements on the eastern rim are ice-rafted glacial debris of probable late Wisconsinan age; modern submarine currents prevent burial of the gravel deposits. The dominant canyon megafauna segregates naturally into three faunal depth zones (133–299 m; 300–1099 m; 1100–1860 m) that correlate with similar zones previously established for the continental slope epibenthos. Faunal diversity is highest on gravelly sea floors at shallow and middle depths. The benthic fauna and the fishes derive both food and shelter by burrowing into the sea floor. In contrast to the nearby outer shelf and upper slope, Oceanographer Canyon has not been extensively exploited by the fishing industry, and the canyon ecosystem probably is relatively unaltered. 相似文献
19.
The capacity of turbidity currents to carry sand and coarser sediment from shallow to deep regions in the submarine environment has attracted the attention of researchers from different disciplines. Yet not only are field measurements of oceanic turbidity currents a rare achievement, but also the data that have been collected consist mostly of velocity records with very limited or no suspended sediment concentration or grain size distribution data. This work focuses on two turbidity currents measured in Monterey Canyon in 2002 with emphasis on suspended sediment from unique samples collected within the body of these currents. It is shown that concentration and grain size of the suspended material, primarily controlled by the source of the gravity flows and their interaction with bed material, play a significant role in shaping the characteristics of the turbidity currents as they travel down the canyon. Before the flows reach their normal or quasi-steady state, which is defined by bed slope, bed roughness, and suspended grain size, they might pass through a preliminary adjustment stage where they are subject to capacity-driven deposition, and release heavy material in excess. Flows composed of fine (silt/clay) sediments tend to be thicker than those with sands. The measured velocity and concentration data confirm that flow patterns differ between the front and body of turbidity currents and that, even after reaching normal state, the flow regime can be radically disrupted by abrupt changes in canyon morphology. 相似文献
20.
Two fundamentally different types of submarine canyons along the continental margin of Equatorial Guinea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Most submarine canyons are erosive conduits cut deeply into the world’s continental shelves through which sediment is transported from areas of high coastal sediment supply onto large submarine fans. However, many submarine canyons in areas of low sediment supply do not have associated submarine fans and show significantly different morphologies and depositional processes from those of ‘classic’ canyons. Using three-dimensional seismic reflection and core data, this study contrasts these two types of submarine canyons and proposes a bipartite classification scheme.The continental margin of Equatorial Guinea, West Africa during the late Cretaceous was dominated by a classic, erosional, sand-rich, submarine canyon system. This system was abandoned during the Paleogene, but the relict topography was re-activated in the Miocene during tectonic uplift. A subsequent decrease in sediment supply resulted in a drastic transformation in canyon morphology and activity, initiating the ‘Benito’ canyon system. This non-typical canyon system is aggradational rather than erosional, does not indent the shelf edge and has no downslope sediment apron. Smooth, draping seismic reflections indicate that hemipelagic deposition is the chief depositional process aggrading the canyons. Intra-canyon lateral accretion deposits indicate that canyon concavity is maintained by thick (>150 m), dilute, turbidity currents. There is little evidence for erosion, mass-wasting, or sand-rich deposition in the Benito canyon system. When a canyon loses flow access, usually due to piracy, it is abandoned and eventually filled. During canyon abandonment, fluid escape causes the successive formation of ‘cross-canyon ridges’ and pockmark trains along buried canyon axes.Based on comparison of canyons in the study area, we recognize two main types of submarine canyons: ‘Type I’ canyons indent the shelf edge and are linked to areas of high coarse-grained sediment supply, generating erosive canyon morphologies, sand-rich fill, and large downslope submarine fans/aprons. ‘Type II’ canyons do not indent the shelf edge and exhibit smooth, highly aggradational morphologies, mud-rich fill, and a lack of downslope fans/aprons. Type I canyons are dominated by erosive, sandy turbidity currents and mass-wasting, whereas hemipelagic deposition and dilute, sluggish turbidity currents are the main depositional processes sculpting Type II canyons. This morphology-based classification scheme can be used to help predict depositional processes, grain size distributions, and petroleum prospectivity of any submarine canyon. 相似文献