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在深水勘探中,由于缺乏钻孔资料,地震数据便成为储层和油气预测的主要方法。振幅距离分析（ＡＶＯ）是最普及的油气探测方法。然而,压力、岩性和簿层效应等因素可以引起假的ＡＶＯ效应。除了这些复杂因素,墨西哥湾深水区还有单一至复杂的盐层地貌。这些盐层的演化对深水沉积物堆积和运移通道产生着重要影响。结合应用孔隙流体压力、有效应力、岩性和地震能量衰减资料,能够更好地认识油气运移通道和封闭的完整性。在深水钻探中,水层载荷大大影响地压分布。当水深增加时,破裂压力与孔隙压力之差减小,当其不是１磅／加仑时,钻探可能更… 相似文献
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水下采油树井口连接器是连接采油树和井口的关键设备,对深海水下勘探开发及采油树的安装连接具有不可或缺的重要意义。以一种锁块式水下连接器为例,介绍其结构组成和工作原理,通过有限元建立连接器的三维模型,分析连接器在下放安装工况、连接锁紧工况、正常生产工况和钻完井工况下的连接性能,得出井口与采油树本体接触面作用力、VX钢圈接触应力和锁块受力情况随外部载荷的相互关系。结果表明,VX钢圈在整个过程中都能够保持良好密封,井口与采油树本体接触面未发生分离,弯矩对连接器连接性能影响很大,在额定弯矩作用时连接器部分锁块已发生弹塑性失效。 相似文献
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深水区水下溢油在上升过程中,受潮流、温度和压强等因素的影响,其溢油行为和归宿与海面溢油明显不同。文章主要在资料分析的基础上研究深水区水下溢油行为和归宿,其行为过程主要包括油气粒径分布、上升速度、油气分离和卷吸等,归宿主要包括水合物、溶解和悬浮羽流等;同时进一步探讨了各行为归宿的影响因素及机制。另外,通过建立深水溢油模型模拟油气上升过程中各行为过程,并在南海荔湾油气田中得到了应用。因此,通过本研究可以深入了解深水区水下溢油复杂的行为过程,为建立深水区溢油应急体系奠定基础,且对深水区溢油损害评估、环境评价具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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深海油气田水下生产系统装备之间的精准连接是国际公认的技术难题,对接一般通过深海连接器完成。弹性夹头是水下连接器的重要组成部分,其性能关系到海洋油气生产系统的安全性和可靠性。弹性夹头的主要作用是在水下机器人的辅助下连接和锁紧连接器的固定端和移动端。采用ABAQUS软件的显式动力学分析模块计算夹头夹紧心轴这一过程中的应力、反作用力状态。三维模型仿真结果表明,锁紧过程中弹性夹头的最大应力不超过430 MPa,小于所选取的材料屈服强度480 MPa。采用正交试验和方差分析的方法研究夹头的长度、夹头与心轴的间隙等几个关键尺寸从而分析影响夹头应力和连接所需推力的最显著因素。对夹头的结构进行优化设计,同时也为夹头心轴结构的设计提供了理论依据。最后,通过试验研究对样机进行测试,测试结果表明,夹紧动作所需的最大推力在700 N以下。 相似文献
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在深海海洋油气资源勘探开发中,导航定位数据是各个测量参数的基准信息,测量载体的定位精度在一定程度上决定了其搭载的传感器探测精度。以COSL Explorer型深水自治式水下航行器为研究对象,分析其组合导航/定位系统的特点,得出包含超短基线水下定位、多普勒计程仪与惯性系统组合导航、海水中声速影响的深水自治式水下航行器导航/定位误差模型,并对该模型参数进行等误差剖面分析,得到该载体导航/定位误差分布趋势。并针对不同航速、不同定位斜距、不同时间间隔下的组合导航定位误差进行预报,为自主航行器在大海深、大范围工程勘察测量时参数设置提供理论依据。 相似文献
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新型深水半潜式生产平台发展综述 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
干式采油树具有修井方便、操作成本低、停机时间短和流动安全性好等优势,然而由于它要求平台具有较低的垂荡运动幅度,目前仅有张力腿平台和Spar平台能够支持干式采油树.相比这两种平台,半潜式生产平台不受水深限制,可变载荷大,且可实现整体拖航和上船体码头安装,但运动幅度相对较大.近年来,海洋工程界致力于通过改善半潜式平台的运动性能,使其可支持干式采油树.介绍了深水油气开发领域中可采用干式采油树的几种新型半潜式生产平台概念,分别从结构型式、安装方法和性能特征等方面进行了综述,总结了新型平台的技术发展趋势以及所带来的新问题,最后提出了我国发展新型半潜式生产平台的目标和需要解决的问题. 相似文献
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《海洋技术学报》2018,(5)
用于深水油气开发的干树式顶部张紧立管(TTR)系统的载体平台是一种具有渐变式立柱的深吃水半潜钻井/生产平台(TCDD-Semi),该平台为中国南海的深水区域的气田开发而设计。文中介绍了该立管系统的设计与分析,提出了干树式采油立管设计方案,并进行了立管干涉、总体强度、疲劳、立管张紧器行程范围分析与核校。结果表明,立管在强海流中无碰撞,最大冯·米塞斯应力利用系数为0.88(规范要求不大于1.0),最小疲劳寿命89.4 a,大于20 a的设计服役期,张紧器最大行程33.1 ft,小于最大设计值35 ft。可见所述立管系统满足设计功能和工业规范要求,在具有恶劣海况条件的我国南海海域进行生产作业的深吃水半潜平台上设计安装干树式立管系统是可行的。 相似文献
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作用在海底管线上的波浪力 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海底管线是海洋石油储运工程的重要组成部分。在设计和建造海底管线时,其强度和稳定设计都必须考虑波浪对海底管线的作用力。不论是由陆地伸向海洋的陆地与海洋连接的管线,还是海上单井与集油装置之间的连接管线,根据管线铺设区域的水深与地形的不同,大致穿过以下四个区域:一是水深大于1/2波长的深水区;二是水深介于1/2波长与波破碎 相似文献
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The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
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We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
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We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
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Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
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I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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I. G. Ostrovskaya 《Physical Oceanography》1992,3(5):397-403
Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov. 相似文献
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Al. A. Shreider 《Oceanology》2007,47(1):91-103
The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates. 相似文献
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The study of the sedimentary body of the Bransfield Strait has made it possible to identify several sedimentary complexes, to construct the first electronic charts for the acoustic basement, and to establish four stages of the evolution of its floor, which updates the previous knowledge about the formation of the strait. At the first stage, there was an increase in tension stresses that were accompanied by the local splits of the continental crust at the periphery of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the second stage, a graben-like structure filled with the Lower stratigraphic complex was formed northward of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the third stage, the continuing processes of extension led to intensive explosive activity of the growing volcanic structures and filling of the graben with sediments of the Middle seismostratigraphic complex. The fourth stage, which has continued until recently, is characterized by quasi-linear localization of the major centers of volcanic activity in the band closer to the South-Shetland Islands and the formation of the Upper seismostratigraphic sedimentary complex. The evolution of the floor of the Bransfield Strait reflects the process of penetration of the American-Antarctic ridge to the continental lithosphere of the Antarctic Peninsula for the last million years. 相似文献