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台风风暴潮异模式集合数值预报技术研究及应用 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
台风风暴潮数值预报的准确性在很大程度上取决于台风路径预报和强度预报的精度以及风暴潮预报模型的计算精度。目前,国际上24/48 h台风路径预报平均误差分别约为120/210 km左右[1],对于走向异常的台风误差更大;更有,根据单一的台风路径和单族的风暴潮数值预报模式并不能保证获得可靠的风暴潮预报结果。考虑多重网格法原理具有在疏密不同的网格层上进行迭代以达到平滑不同频率的误差分量,使得计算快速收敛,精度提高的特性。在前期研究基础上基于业务化高分辨率(结构网格/有限差分算法)和精细化(非结构网格/有限元算法)台风风暴潮集合数值预报模型构建多模型台风风暴潮集合数值预报系统。采用"非同族"模型进行集合预报很大程度上降低了误差相似遗传的可能性。应用该方法对典型台风风暴潮过程进行了试应用,试报结果表明:该方法对风暴潮增、减水预报效果高于单一集合预报,具有一定的应用前景。 相似文献
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覆盖中国沿海地区的精细化台风风暴潮模型的研究及适用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
精细化风暴潮预报是目前风暴潮预报重点发展方向之一,本文首次建立起了一个覆盖整个中国沿海地区的精细化台风风暴潮数值模型,克服了以往分区域数值模型的不足,该模型在中国沿海地区的分辨率达到300m左右。模型采用了并行计算,并对2012年和2013年灾害性台风风暴潮过程进行了数值检验,计算精度和计算所用时间都能够满足业务化运行的要求。本文同时还根据中国气象局、美国国家气象局等5家主要台风预报机构给出的24h台风预报,对2013年度灾害性台风风暴潮过程进行了24h数值预报检验,检验结果表明:根据中国气象局台风登陆前24h预报可以得到更准确的风暴潮预报结果,其预报结果优于其他各家预报结果。该结论可以为今后的台风风暴潮预报中台风路径的选取提供重要的参考。 相似文献
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北部湾是一个半封闭的超浅海。本文在数值试验的基础上，提出了一个研究该海域台风风暴潮的数值模型。数值模式为二维深度平均流模型，采用嵌套细网格技术，细网格分辨率为沿经纬方向０．１°，细网格边界值由粗网格提供。台风风场计算采用Ｊｅｌｅｓｎｉａｎｓｋｉ模型风场．模式方程组的数值解由交替方向隐式（ＡＤＩ）方法积分得到。本文对该海域最常见的两种台风移行所引起的风暴潮进行了数值模拟。与几个潮汐观测站的增水记录比较，计算结果基本上反映了台风引起的水位变化，对研究和模拟该海域台风风暴潮是适用的，可用于该海域风暴潮数值预报试验。 相似文献
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Delft3D在天文潮与风暴潮耦合数值模拟中的应用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文应用Delft-3D水动力学计算软件，以长江口地区为例建立的台风风暴潮、天文潮耦合数值预报模型，对台风风暴潮、天文潮两潮耦合预报模式进行探研和分析。该模式不同于以往的单纯台风增水模型与天文潮叠加的风暴潮模式，而是在计算中直接对天文潮和台风风暴潮进行两潮耦合，有效地消除了近岸地区潮波与增水之间叠加的非线性影响。通过模拟台风8114和7708过境对长江口的影响，并与实测数据比较，预报结果和实测水位过程的对比说明，台风风暴潮耦合数值预报模式对增水和高潮的过程预报是准确的，两者在高水位时同步且相差甚微。 相似文献
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利用基于有限元方法的ADCIRC模式,并耦合SWAN波浪模式,建立了一个适用于长江口及其邻近海区风暴潮的数值预报模式。该模式采用对岸线有较好拟合能力的无结构网格,综合考虑了波浪、天文潮、风暴潮、径流相互作用。利用该模型对长江口及其邻近海区一系列台风风暴潮进行后报检验,计算结果与实测资料有较好的一致性。最后,利用建立的模式,针对影响长江口地区的两类典型路径台风——近转向型台风和登陆型台风,讨论了气压、风应力、台风路径等因素对增水的贡献;并对台风移动路径与外高桥实测增水强度进行统计分析,给出了台风移动路径、气压梯度和增水强度的定量关系。 相似文献
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核电厂厂址的可能最大风暴潮(Possible Maximum Storm Surege,PMSS)是滨海核电厂厂址重要的设计基准之一。基于ADCIRC风暴潮模式计算葫芦岛地区的风暴潮,同时对网格进行精细化处理,网格分辨率精度较高。首先为检验数值模式的准确性,分别模拟了辽东湾地区发生的6005号、7203号和7303号典型台风风暴潮过程,计算葫芦岛站风暴潮最大增水值并与实测资料进行对比,计算表明本文模拟结果与实测结果吻合良好,验证了本文数值计算模型的准确性,为可能最大风暴潮(PMSS)的计算提供了依据。以渤海典型台风7303号台风为基础,建立多条影响核电站厂址的台风路径,计算得到201条派生路径下核电站厂址的最大风暴增水情况,为核电站厂址选址提供了重要依据。 相似文献
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《应用海洋学学报》2015,(4)
在准直角坐标下建立了粗细矩形网格嵌套的宁波市台风暴潮数值模式,模式细网格空间分辨率为2',对影响宁波市1949~2007年间的41次台风过程的风暴潮增水进行了后报模拟,将模拟的94个站次的风暴潮增水峰值前后2 d的数据与实测值进行了对比和误差统计,平均绝对误差为23.6 cm,平均相对误差27.6%,说明模式是成功的.进而,引入福建省风暴潮漫堤预警辅助决策模式"一种基于台风路径预报概率圆的风暴潮集合预报模式和基于假想台风增水数据库的风暴潮增水快速预报算法",并集成地理信息系统,建立了宁波市风暴潮漫堤预警辅助决策系统,系统可对宁波市的海塘在台风期间进行风暴潮漫堤预警报.系统于2012年在宁波市水文气象站投入试运行,1209号台风"苏拉"和1211号台风"海葵"的预报结果表明,集合预报结果比单一路径预报结果有不同程度的改善,该集合预报技术可以有效的解决由于台风路径预报偏差引起的风暴潮预报漏报和误报问题,证明模式在宁波市的应用是成功的,为其在更多区域的推广应用提供参考. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献