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Metacasapase蛋白酶在植物生长发育及适应逆境胁迫方面发挥着重要的调控作用。近年来发现,在逆境胁迫诱导海洋浮游植物细胞程序性死亡(PCD)的过程中,metacaspase蛋白酶执行类似于其在高等植物中的功能,但它们的结构与生化特性等却有别于高等植物metacaspases。在对比分析metacaspases及其家族成员的基础上,本文总结了近年来海洋浮游植物metacaspase蛋白酶的相关研究成果,分别对其结构、生化特性、底物及功能等进行了阐述,旨在为深入研究其调控网络途径及作用机制提供参考。 相似文献
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东海溶解无机氮(dissolved inorganic nitrogen, DIN)有四个主要外部来源,包括黑潮、台湾海峡、河流径流和大气沉降。为探究它们的共同作用对东海浮游植物时空变化带来的多重影响,利用添加分源模块的物理-生态耦合模型分析了东海表层不同来源DIN支持的浮游植物(以叶绿素a浓度chlorophylla,chla表征)季节变化与空间分布以及它们之间的响应关系,从而评估多源营养盐对东海陆架表层浮游植物的影响。各来源DIN支持的chl a浓度中,黑潮来源和河流径流来源先后占据主导地位,且除了河流径流来源chl a,其余三种来源chl a季节变化均呈双峰结构。不同来源chl a空间分布特征存在季节变化差异,并且各来源chl a在东海陆架不同季节存在不同的主导区域,这与不同来源DIN供给的物理过程,如环流、混合、层化以及温度变化等密切相关。研究不同来源营养盐对东海浮游植物的影响对理解多重压力下东海生态系统变化有重要意义。 相似文献
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2007年夏季南海北部浮游植物的物种组成及丰度分布 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
2007年8月10-29日对南海北部41个站位进行了浮游植物群落结构的调查.调查结果表明,共发现浮游植物5门80属216种(包括变种、变形、未定种),调查期间南海浮游植物以硅藻为主,占所有物种数的64.81%,占总浮游植物细胞丰度的89.11%:甲藻次之,占所有物种数的30.56%,占总浮游植物细胞丰度的10.62%;蓝藻门的红海束毛藻Trichodesmium erythraeum在许多站位也占有相当的比例.绿藻和一些淡水的蓝藻只在珠江口附近的站位才被检出.主要优势种为海链藻Thalassiosira sp.、菱形海线藻Thalassionema nitzschioides、中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum、微小原甲藻Prorocentrum minimum和裸甲藻Gymnodinium sp..从平面分布来看,南海北部在珠江口外围和台湾浅滩海域存在2个浮游植物丰度高值区.表层和次表层浮游植物的平面分布格局差异很大,表层浮游植物的丰度平均为25.21×10<'3>个·L<'-1>,高值区在珠江口附近海域;次表层浮游植物丰度平均为9×10<'3>个·L<'-1>,高值区在台湾浅滩海域.调查区域的浅水站位(<200m)的浮游植物丰度远高于深水站位(>200m).从垂直分布来看,浮游植物的细胞丰度基本上自上而下随水深的增加而逐渐降低,最大丰度在10m水层.深水站位与浅水站位的浮游植物垂直分布结构有很大的差异.硅藻类在浅水站位中基本随深度的增加而减少,但在10m处出现最大值;而在深水站位则存在次表层(75m)最大值的现象.甲藻类在浅水站位中随深度增加显著减少,而在深水站位的75m以上其分布比较均匀.越靠近外海,浮游植物中硅藻所占的比例越小,硅甲藻比率大的海区一般具有高的生产力和较高的浮游植物丰度.调查海区表层和次表层的浮游植物Shannon-Wiener指数的平均分别为2.8和3.0,生物多样性高的区域分别位于珠江口、粤东近海和海南的东部近海,浅水站位的浮游植物多样性指数远高于深水站位. 相似文献
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春季水库浮游生物与鲢鳙生长的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过 2 0 0 0年春季对辽宁三座大中型山谷型水库的浮游生物和鲢鳙渔获物的 4、5月二次调查发现 :( 1) . 4月 ,各水库浮游植物生物量与其鲢鳙年平均渔获量正相关 ( p<0 .10 ) ,同时发现浮游植物在各水库的空间分布与环境因子无显著关系 ,浮游植物与浮游动物之间只有在产量较低的碧流河水库有极其显著的正相关关系 ( p<0 .0 1) ;但此时三水库浮游动物生物量的空间分布都与水温或流速相关显著 ( p<0 .0 5 ) ;( 2 ) . 5月 ,这种现象消失 ,而发现浮游植物多样性指数较 4月的比值与渔获量存在极显著的负相关关系 ( p<0 .0 1) ,浮游植物量空间分布的变异性与渔获量存在极显著的负相关关系 ( p<0 .0 2 ) ,浮游动物空间分布变异性与 4月的比值与渔获量存在显著负相关关系 ( p<0 .0 7) ;而且只有在鱼产量最低的碧流河水库显示了浮游动物生物量的空间分布与环境因子 (水温 )相关 ( p<0 .10 ) ;( 3) .鲢鳙肥满度和增重率显示与上述结果相对应 ,即浮游生物空间分布越不均匀 ,浮游植物的多样性指数随着温度的升高幅度越大的水库 ,鲢鳙的生长速度越快。认为 :1.鲢鳙的摄食 ,导致浮游生物的空间分布更均匀 ,而且使浮游植物的多样性受到限制 ;2 .用浮游生物空间分布的不均匀程度以及多样性指数的变化 ,可以用来评价和指导 相似文献
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《热带海洋学报》2017,(4)
受夏季西南季风影响,南海西部会形成一支离岸急流,该急流通常与冷涡和暖涡组成偶极结构,共同影响该海域生态环境。本研究利用2014年9月现场和卫星数据,首次结合南海西部急流和冷暖涡过程,分析它们对该海域浮游植物粒径结构的影响。数据显示,表层以微微型浮游植物(0.2~2μm)为主,占总叶绿素a的平均比例为76.7%。在急流区中,微型浮游植物(2~20μm)和小型浮游植物浓度(20~200μm)占总叶绿素a平均比例相对较高,且与总叶绿素浓度呈线性正相关。暖涡区小型浮游植物比例(平均10.3%)高于冷涡区(平均3.6%)。结果表明,物理动力过程是南海西部夏季表层浮游植物粒径结构的主要影响因素。急流和冷暖涡可以提升小型浮游植物的比例,改变表层的粒径结构。急流对沿岸上升流区浮游植物的水平输送是表层小型浮游植物的主要来源。涡旋的辐合、辐散与急流的相互作用,导致各粒径浮游植物在冷涡边缘出现锋面分布,并且提高了暖涡区表层小型浮游植物的比例。冷涡的垂直抽吸作用加强了营养盐供给,也提高了冷涡中心表层小型浮游植物的比例。 相似文献
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磷脂酶C(phospholipase C,PLC)作为一种重要的细胞信号分子,是G蛋白信号转导过程中的重要调节因子之一,在动、植物环境胁迫应答及病原菌致病过程中发挥重要作用。海洋浮游植物生长代谢与环境因子之间的相互作用涉及细胞内复杂的信号通路,并最终通过调节细胞分裂过程控制浮游植物的增殖、种群生长动力及初级生产力。但对浮游植物PLC及其参与的信号通路的了解却非常少。通过NCBI基因数据库的关键词搜索、比对,发现海洋球石藻(Emiliania huxleyi)中含有30种PLC蛋白,利用SMART程序预测其结构保守域,以此将30种PLC分为四大类;对其氨基酸序列的信号肽、跨膜结构域、一级结构、二级结构、三级结构及其细胞定位等进行了生物信息学分析和预测。结果表明,海洋球石藻PLC具有丰富的多样性,它们在信号肽、跨膜区等方面均有一定的差别,其一级结构中存在多个可能的磷酸化修饰位点。二级结构中都含有α螺旋,β折叠,无规则卷曲,且都定位于线粒体,而三级结构相似度不高。从亲缘关系上看,海洋球石藻PLC与低等动物更接近。该研究补充和完善了对植物PLC信号转导网络系统的认识,并为进一步开展海洋球石藻PLC细胞定位及其参与的信号通路与环境胁迫之间关系的研究提供了重要的理论指导。 相似文献
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根据2005年4-5月(春季)、8月(夏季)和11月(秋季)对大亚湾大鹏澳海区表层的现场调查结合营养盐加富实验,探讨了不同季节硝态氮(NO-3)、脲氮(urea)和无机磷(PO3-4)等营养元素对该海区浮游植物叶绿素a含量与初级生产力及它们的粒级结构的潜在影响.调查海区表层海水叶绿素a含量在近岸养殖区较高,季节变化不明显,但其粒级结构有较大的季节差异;初级生产力的平面分布与叶绿素a含量在春、秋季均较一致,其粒级结构与叶绿素a的粒级结构在春季基本一致,但在秋季有较大差异.实验结果表明, NO-3、urea和PO3-4对该海区浮游植物叶绿素a、初级生产力及它们的粒级结构有不同的潜在影响,并存在季节差异.尽管磷被认为是该海区浮游植物生长的主要限制因子,结果显示氮(NO-3或urea)对浮游植物生长仍有潜在限制作用,其中NO-3和urea作为不同氮源的潜在影响有明显区别. 相似文献
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在南海北部、大亚湾及珠江口3个不同水体生物-光学数据的基础上, 研究了浮游植物粒径结构的变化特征, 建立了基于浮游植物吸收光谱提取的浮游植物粒径参数(S<f>)的混合光谱模型。南海海区不同的水体环境下浮游植物的粒级结构有着很大的差异: 在河口和沿岸水体小型浮游植物占优势, 在外海水体微微型浮游植物占优势。浮游植物粒径参数随小型浮游植物增多而减少, 随微微型浮游植物增多而增大。叶绿素a浓度从外海到沿岸逐渐增大, 浮游植物粒径参数随叶绿素a浓度的增大而减小, 它们之间呈幂函数关系。结果表明, 利用混合光谱模型得到的浮游植物粒径参数与南海海区不同水体的生物-光学特征(粒级结构Rpico和Rmicro、粒级指数SI、叶绿素a浓度)有一定的相关性。具体的相关性表示为: S<f>与粒级结构(Rpico和Rmicro)存在一定的关系, 与小型浮游植物和微微型浮游植物之间的线性相关系数分别是0.55和0.65; S<f>与浮游植物粒级指数(SI)有较好的线性关系, 相关系数是0.57; S<f>与叶绿素a浓度呈幂函数关系, 相关系数是0.64。这个混合光谱模型为从光学参数反演浮游植物种群的生态学信息提供了有效的手段, 同时又可用于分析浮游植物优势粒径结构对光学特性的影响。 相似文献
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采用酵母双杂交系统,对青蟹呼肠孤病毒(Scylla serrata reovirus)5个结构蛋白(VP3,VP6,VP9,VP11,VP12)间的双向互作进行了分析。将5个结构蛋白对应的ORF分别亚克隆至诱饵载体p GBKT7和猎物载体p GADT7,成功构建了10个酵母双杂交重组载体。将重组诱饵载体或重组捕获载体转化至酵母菌Y2H Gold中进行自激活检测,结果显示5个结构蛋白均不能激活酵母菌报告基因HIS3的表达,表明5个病毒蛋白均不具有自激活活性。通过酵母双杂交实验,从5个结构蛋白25个可能性互作对中,共筛选出2个双向互作对(VP11VP6,VP11VP12)和3个自身互作对(VP3VP3,VP11VP11,VP12VP12)。本研究是有关Ss RV结构蛋白互作的首次报道。 相似文献
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Soil-sized particulates have been collected on board ship by a mesh technique from the lower troposphere of the North, Equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean, northern and southern Indian Ocean, South and East China Sea and various coastal localities.Spectrographic analysis reveals that, on average, the particulates have concentrations of Mn, Ni, Co, Ga, Cr, V, Ba, and Sr which are of the same order of magnitude as those in average crustal material. In contrast, the average concentrations of Pb, Sn, and Zn are one order of magnitude higher than those in average crustal material.Within this “world-wide” average there are significant geographical variations in the distributions of Pb, Sn, and Zn which may be related to anthropogenic sources.On the basis of trace-element distributions lower tropospheric soil-sized marine particulates have been divided into four genetic components; local, zonal, inter-zonal, and global. The proportions of these components vary geographically, and each component may have both a natural and an anthropogenic fraction. 相似文献
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Tautog, Tautoga onitis, is an abundant species of fish in estuaries of the northeastern United States. Planktonic tautog larvae are abundant in summer in these estuaries, but there is little information on rates of growth of tautog larvae feeding on natural assemblages of food in the plankton. We examined abundance and growth of larval tautog and environmental factors during weekly sampling at three sites along a nearshore‐to‐offshore transect in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA during summer 1994. This is the first study of a robust sample size (336 larvae) to estimate growth rates of field‐caught planktonic tautog larvae feeding on natural diets, using the otolith daily‐growth‐increment method. The study was over the entire summer period when tautog larvae were in the plankton. The sampling sites contrasted in several environmental variables including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll a concentration. There was a temporal progression in the abundance of tautog larvae over the summer, in relation to location and temperature. Tautog larvae were first present nearshore, with a pronounced peak in abundance occurring at the nearshore sites during the last 2 weeks in June. Larvae were absent at this time further offshore. From late June through August, larval abundance progressively decreased nearshore, but increased offshore although never approaching the abundance levels observed at the nearshore sites. The distribution and abundance of tautog larvae appeared to be related to a nearshore‐to‐offshore seasonal warming trend and a nearshore decrease in DO. Otoliths from 336 larvae ranging from 2.3 to 7.7 mm standard length had otolith increment counts ranging from 0 to 19 increments. Growth of larval tautog was estimated at 0.23 mm·day?1, and length of larvae prior to first increment formation was estimated at 2.8 mm indicating that first increment formation occurs 3–4 days after hatching at 2.2 mm. Despite spatial and temporal differences in environmental factors, there were no significant differences in growth rates at any of three given sites over time, or between sites. Because larval presence only occurred at a narrow range of temperature (17–23.5 °C) and DO (6.5–9.3 mg·l?1), in situ differences in growth did not appear to be because of differences in larval distribution and abundance patterns relative to these parameters. 相似文献
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P.N. Froelich L.W. Kaul J.T. Byrd M.O. Andreae K.K. Roe 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(3):239-264
Concentrations of dissolved nutrients (NO3, PO4, Si), germanium species, arsenic species, tin, barium, dimethylsulfide and related parameters were measured along the salinity gradient in Charlotte Harbor. Phosphate enrichment from the phosphate industry on the Peace River promotes a productive diatom bloom near the river mouth where NO3 and Si are completely consumed. Inorganic germanium is completely depleted in this bloom by uptake into biogenic opal. The ratio taken up by diatoms is about 0·7 × 10?6, the same as that provided by the river flux, confirming that siliceous organisms incorporate germanium as an accidental trace replacement for silica. Monomethylgermanium and dimethylgermanium concentrations are undetectable in the Peace River, and increase linearly with increasing salinity to the seawater end of the bay, suggesting that these organogermanium species behave conservatively in estuaries, and are neither produced nor consumed during estuarine biogenic opal formation or dissolution. Inorganic arsenic displays slight removal in the bloom. Monomethylarsenic is produced both in the bloom and in mid-estuary, while dimethylarsenic is conservative in the bloom but produced in mid-estuary. The total production of methylarsenicals within the bay approximately balances the removal of inorganic arsenic, suggesting that most biological arsenic uptake in the estuary is biomethylated and released to the water column. Dimethylsulfide increases with increasing salinity in the estuary and shows evidence of removal, probably both by degassing and by microbial consumption. An input of DMS is observed in the central estuary. The behavior of total dissolvable tin shows no biological activity in the bloom or in mid-estuary, but does display a low-salinity input signal that parallels dissolved organic material, perhaps suggesting an association between tin and DOM. Barium displays dramatic input behavior at mid-salinities, probably due to slow release from clays deposited in the harbor after catastrophic phosphate slime spills into the Peace River. 相似文献
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E. Wolanski P. Colin J. Naithani E. Deleersnijder Y. Golbuu 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2004,60(4):705-716
Three years of temperature data along two transects extending to 90 m depth, at Palau, Micronesia, show twice-a-day thermocline vertical displacements of commonly 50–100 m, and on one occasion 270 m. The internal wave occurred at a number of frequencies. There were a number of spectral peaks at diurnal and semi-diurnal frequencies, as well as intermediate and sub-inertial frequencies, less so at the inertial frequency. At Palau the waves generally did not travel around the island because there was no coherence between internal waves on either side of the island. The internal waves at a site 30 km offshore were out-of-phase with those on the island slopes, suggesting that the waves were generated on the island slope and then radiated away. Palau Island was thus a source of internal wave energy for the surrounding ocean. A numerical model suggests that the tidal and low-frequency currents flowing around the island form internal waves with maximum wave amplitude on the island slope and that these waves radiate away from the island. The model also suggests that the headland at the southern tip of Palau prevents the internal waves to rotate around the island. The large temperature fluctuations (commonly daily fluctuations ≈10 °C, peaking at 20 °C) appear responsible for generating a thermal stress responsible for a biologically depauperate biological community on the island slopes at depths between 60 and 120 m depth. 相似文献
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Klaus Kremling 《Marine Chemistry》1983,13(2):87-108
In June 1981, dissolved Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, and Mn were determined from two detailed profiles in anoxic Baltic waters (with extra data for Fe and Mn from August 1979). Dramatic changes across the O2H2S interface occur in the abundances of Cu, Co, Fe, and Mn (by factors of ?100). The concentrations of Zn, Cd, and Ni at the redox front decrease by factors between 3 to 5.Equilibrium calculations are presented for varying concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and compared with the field data. The study strongly supports the assumption that the solubility of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Ni is greatly enhanced and controlled by the formation of bisulfide and(or) polysulfide complexes. Differences between predicted and measured concentrations of these elements are mainly evident at lower ΣH2S concentrations.Cobalt proved to be very mobile in anoxic regions, and the results indicate that the concentrations are limited by CoS precipitation. The iron (Fe2+) and manganese (Mn2+) distribution in sulfide-containing waters is controlled by total flux from sediment-water interfaces rather than by equilibrium concentrations of their solid phases (FeS and MnCO3). The concentrations of these metals are therefore expected to increase with prolonged stagnation periods in the basin. 相似文献