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1.
磷脂酶C(phospholipase C,PLC)作为一种重要的细胞信号分子,是G蛋白信号转导过程中的重要调节因子之一,在动、植物环境胁迫应答及病原菌致病过程中发挥重要作用。海洋浮游植物生长代谢与环境因子之间的相互作用涉及细胞内复杂的信号通路,并最终通过调节细胞分裂过程控制浮游植物的增殖、种群生长动力及初级生产力。但对浮游植物PLC及其参与的信号通路的了解却非常少。通过NCBI基因数据库的关键词搜索、比对,发现海洋球石藻(Emiliania huxleyi)中含有30种PLC蛋白,利用SMART程序预测其结构保守域,以此将30种PLC分为四大类;对其氨基酸序列的信号肽、跨膜结构域、一级结构、二级结构、三级结构及其细胞定位等进行了生物信息学分析和预测。结果表明,海洋球石藻PLC具有丰富的多样性,它们在信号肽、跨膜区等方面均有一定的差别,其一级结构中存在多个可能的磷酸化修饰位点。二级结构中都含有α螺旋,β折叠,无规则卷曲,且都定位于线粒体,而三级结构相似度不高。从亲缘关系上看,海洋球石藻PLC与低等动物更接近。该研究补充和完善了对植物PLC信号转导网络系统的认识,并为进一步开展海洋球石藻PLC细胞定位及其参与的信号通路与环境胁迫之间关系的研究提供了重要的理论指导。 相似文献
2.
海洋球石藻研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海洋球石藻是一类生活于海洋中的微型浮游植物 ,基本都是单细胞结构。它是海洋中初级生产者的组成部分。另外 ,球石藻是全球分布的种类 ,尤其是在副极地较高纬度海区 ,更是优势种类 ,每年都会发生无数次水华 ,由于球石藻外覆由特殊构造和成分构成的球石粒 ,因此它的水华能够对周围环境产生诸多重要影响 :首先 ,球石粒的反光作用 ,使海水温度下降而使空气升温 ,改变环境条件 ,影响周围生物的正常生活 ;其次 ,由于球石粒的主要成分是碳酸钙 ,在它的产生过程中伴随着二氧化碳的生成 ,方程式是 :２ＨＣＯ -+Ｃａ２ +＝ＣａＣＯ３+Ｈ２Ｏ +ＣＯ２… 相似文献
3.
精氨酸/赖氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶(Metacaspase)在浮游植物程序性细胞死亡(programmed cell death.PCD)过程中起着关键作用。本文利用生物信息学方法分析metacaspase基因在浮游植物中的分布,并以海洋球石藻(Emilianiahuxleyi)metacaspases(EhMCs)为代表分析其结构和功能,依据Uniprot和String数据库挖掘与metacaspase功能相关并参与浮游植物PCD过程的互作蛋白。结果发现:共计29条、四种类型的metacaspases分布于11种浮游植物中,它们的metacaspase蛋白一级结构存在明显差异,但位于p20的组氨酸和半胱氨酸活性位点均具有高度的保守性;EhMCs三级结构与酵母的metacaspase十分相似,暗示它们具有类似的功能;浮游植物metacaspases与多种蛋白存在直接或间接的互作关系,在细胞PCD过程、响应环境胁迫和能量代谢等方面发挥重要作用。另外.metacaspase的磷酸化修饰可能在浮游植物PCD信号转导过程中起调节作用。 相似文献
4.
海洋球石藻Emiliania huxleyi是一种全球广泛分布的真核浮游植物,该种不仅是海洋碳、硫循环和全球气候变化的重要指示物种,而且能够产生丰富的次级代谢生物活性物质,在生物技术领域也具有很好的应用前景。本文通过分析氨苄青霉素、卡那霉素、G418、氯霉素、链霉素、新生霉素及嘌呤霉素等7种常用抗生素对海洋球石藻生长的影响,确定G418可作为该藻阳性转化藻株的抗性筛选试剂,其对应的抗性基因neo则作为该藻表达载体构建中的抗性筛选标记。在此基础上克隆了绿色荧光蛋白基因gfp、抗性标记基因neo及E. huxleyi BOF92内源性岩藻黄素-叶绿素a/c结合蛋白基因的启动子fcp,以pUC18为基础载体,构建了pUC18-fcp-gfp和pUC18-fcp-neo两个重组表达载体,以电转化方法共转化球石藻细胞并结合选择性固体培养基筛选,成功获得了被转化的球石藻细胞。海洋球石藻遗传转化系统的建立为进一步开展该种相关的基础生物学研究及其在生物技术领域的应用奠定了基础。 相似文献
5.
以海洋球石藻Emiliania huxleyi为原料,提取分离生物活性物质,为该藻活性物质的研究与开发提供理论基础。通过对球石藻75%乙醇浸提物采用乙酸乙酯进行萃取,进一步利用薄层色谱、硅胶色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱及高效液相色谱(HPLC)等方法,对化合物成分进行逐步分离纯化,获得纯度大于95%的单体化合物;通过~1HNMR、~(13)CNMR及HRMS等波谱分析技术鉴定化合物的结构,并对其抗菌、抗氧化性能进行初步分析。结果分离鉴定出3种单体化合物,分别为叶绿醇(C_(20)H_(40)O)、棕榈酸(C_(16)H_(32)O_2)和肉豆蔻酸(C_(14)H_(28)O_2),这些化合物均为首次从海洋球石藻中分离获得。其中叶绿醇具有较强的抗氧化能力,且对肝癌细胞Hep G2的增殖有较强的抑制作用,其他两种化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌及副溶血性弧菌均有不同程度的抗菌活性。另外,海洋球石藻中这些化合物除了具有一定的抗菌抗氧化性能外,可能在球石藻响应胁迫(如病毒感染)过程中也具有重要作用。 相似文献
6.
在不同浓度亚硒酸钠(Na2SeO3)条件下培养海洋球石藻,分析其生长和富集硒情况,并采用(NH4)2SO4分级盐析、DEAE-Sepharose离子交换柱层析和SephacrylS-200凝胶过滤层析方法,对球石藻硒蛋白进行了初步分离纯化。结果表明,在本实验条件下,不添加外源硒的f/2培养基本底硒浓度(约3.2nmol/L)为海洋球石藻最佳生长和富硒的硒浓度,其细胞内硒含量可达到6475?g/g干重。离子交换和凝胶层析分离的含硒蛋白结合的最高硒含量分别达到392.3ng/mg和663.5ng/mg蛋白。SDS-PAGE纯度鉴定显示,在分子量分别约为41.3kDa和30.1kDa处各有单一电泳条带。结果提示,海洋球石藻能在环境硒浓度极低的条件下大量吸收硒并将大部分无机硒转化为硒蛋白。富硒能力较强的海洋球石藻有望作为一种新的有机硒资源,对开发含硒安全性食品具有很大的应用潜力。 相似文献
7.
2004年冬季南海北部浮游植物 总被引：19，自引：7，他引：19
根据2004年2月在南海北部海域陆架区的采样调查,对南海北部Uterm hl浮游植物的群落结构进行了研究.初步研究结果表明,本次调查共发现浮游植物5门106属198种(不包括20种未定种).调查期内,南海浮游植物以硅藻为主,甲藻次之,以颗石藻为主要组份的金藻和固氮蓝藻也占有相当的比例,绿藻仅在珠江口个别站位被检出.菱形海线藻(Thalassionema nitzschioides Grunow)、佛氏海线藻(Thalassionema frauen feldii(Grunow) Hallegraeff)、贺胥黎艾氏颗石藻(Emiliania huxleyi(Lohmann) Hay et Mohler)、柔弱伪菱形藻(Pseudo-Nitzschia delicatissma Heiden)、长海毛藻(Thalassiothrix longissima Cleve et Grunow)、海洋桥球石藻(Gephyrocapsa oceanica Kamptner)、具齿原甲藻(Prorocentrum dentatum Stein)、具槽帕拉藻[Paraliasulcata(Ehrenberg) Cleve]和旋沟藻(Gyrodiniumspirale Bergh)为群落的优势种.南海北部浮游植物以广温、广布型为主,其次是暖水性种,热带、亚热带和冷水性种都较少.调查区浮游植物的细胞丰度介于3.8~2 810.3个/cm3,平均值为206.4个/cm3;浮游植物垂直分布总体特点是密集区位于水体表层,由水体表层到底层,细胞丰度逐渐减少;表层浮游植物细胞丰度的平面分布高值区位于调查区珠江口南部和南部海域.浮游植物群落的多样性分析显示调查海域中部的多样性较高,近岸和外海区则较低.应用典范对应分析(CCA)发现盐度和光照的梯度分布是影响南海北部浮游植物物种分布格局最重要的因素,磷酸盐和温度的梯度分布也起一定的作用.根据CCA的分析结果,将海区浮游植物物种划分为5个组,分别为:Ⅰ.高温度、高盐度、高光照和低营养盐组;Ⅱ.高温度和高光照组;Ⅲ.高磷酸盐和硅酸盐组;Ⅳ.低光强高盐度荫生物种组;Ⅴ.高硝酸盐组. 相似文献
8.
繁殖方式是生物重要生物学特征之一。了解生物繁殖方式对遗传和育种研究具有重要意义。赫氏球石藻(Emiliania huxleyi)呈世界性分布,在生态系统中扮演重要角色,但其繁殖方式未知。本研究用分子系统学方法确定有基因组序列且行有性生殖的真核生物的减数分裂相关基因数量,建立了"减数分裂相关基因≥19个,其中减数分裂特异基因≥5个"的有性生殖判别标准;发现赫氏球石藻具有25个减数分裂相关基因,包括6个减数分裂特异基因。依据建立的标准判定赫氏球石藻行有性生殖。研究结果将有助于赫氏球石藻生活史和遗传学研究。 相似文献
9.
海洋球石藻Emiliania huxleyi及其特异性裂解病毒E. huxleyi virus (EhVs)在调节海洋碳、硫循环及全球气候变化中起着重要作用，也是开展真核生物病毒–宿主相互作用研究的良好模型系统之一。为了探究病毒感染条件下E. huxleyi基因表达水平的变化，以海洋球石藻E. huxley–BOF 92及其专一性裂解病毒EhV-99B1为研究对象，利用Illumina HiSeq 2000高通量测序技术，分别对E. huxleyi病毒感染组(Exp)和非感染对照组(Con)6 h和45 h的藻细胞样品进行转录组测序分析。共得到32 909条平均长度为1 153 bp的基因。病毒感染6 h和45 h分别得到2 617和5 229个差异表达基因，其中共差异表达基因465个。随机选取10条差异表达基因，采用qRT-PCR进行实验验证，结果证实转录组分析可靠。GO功能注释和KEGG通路富集，发现大量基因与氧化应激反应、脂类代谢、碳水化合物代谢及信号转导等代谢过程相关，其中变化最显著的是谷胱甘肽代谢途径。从病毒感染球石藻转录组中筛选出部分与氧化应激反应相关的基因，其中9个基因显著上调，11个基因显著下调，表明宿主能够通过体内的氧化应激反应响应病毒胁迫。 相似文献
10.
大洋"生物泵"--海洋浮游植物生物标志物 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
海洋浮游植物承担着目前地球上光合作用的一半任务，对大气CO2浓度和全球碳循环有重要的调控作用。从“铁假说”到“硅假说”，反映了大洋“生物泵”尤其是海洋中的不同浮游植物群对过去气候变化的响应和反馈。根据不同浮游植物产生的特定生物标志物可以定量再造海洋浮游植物群落组成，如岩藻黄素、CO2甾醇主要来自硅藻；而19’-己酰氧基岩藻黄素、C37—C39烯酮主要来自定鞭藻中的颗石藻。许多研究已成功利用现代环境中的色素和古代沉积物中的类脂物质，恢复水体中不同浮游植物的生物量和群落组成。虽然目前海洋浮游植物与生物标志物之间的关系还有待完善，但与其他方法相比仍不失为一种快速、有效的方法，在未来的海洋环境检测和古气候研究领域有重要的应用前景。 相似文献
11.
Danyue Huang Haijiao Liu Jun Sun Yuqiu Wei Liuyang Li Guicheng Zhang Laxman Pujari 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(6):111-128
Living coccolithophores(LCs) are regarded as a group of calcifiers and play important roles in global carbon cycle.This study used microscopic observations of LCs in the western Pacific Ocean to investigate their community structure and biodiversity,especially to test whether local physical traits(mesoscale eddies) could explain their biogeographic distributions during autumn of 2017.The coccolithophore calcite inventory based on carbon-volume transformation was estimated in this study.A total of 28 taxa of coccospheres and 19 types of coccoliths were identified from 161 samples.Gephyrocapsa oceanica was the most predominant species in all the coccolithophore community,followed by Florisphaera profunda,Emiliania huxleyi,Umbilicosphaera sibogae,Gladiolithusflabellatus and Umbellosphaera tenuis.The abundance of coccospheres and coccoliths ranged from 0 to 26.8×10~3 cells/L and from 0 to 138.5×10~3 coccoliths/L,averaged at 4.2×10~3 cells/L and 10.9×10~3 coccoliths/L,respectively.This study indicated that coccolithophore community in the survey area can be clustered into four groups.Three ecological niches of coccolithophores were characterized by their vertical profiles and multivariate statistical analysis.Coccolithophore abundance and species composition were remarkably different among warm-eddy region,G.oceanica dominated warm-eddy region,while F.profunda dominated warm-eddy and none-eddy region.The average values of estimated particulate inorganic carbon,particulate organic carbon were0.197 μg/L and 0.140 μg/L,respectively.The current field study widened the dataset of coccolithophores in western Pacific Ocean. 相似文献
12.
Primary productivity (PP) and phytoplankton structure play an important role in regulating oceanic carbon cycle. The unique seasonal circulation and upwelling pattern of the South China Sea (SCS) provide an ideal natural laboratory to study the response of nutrients and phytoplankton dynamics to climate variation. In this study, we used a three-dimensional (3D) physical–biogeochemical coupled model to simulate nutrients, phytoplankton biomass, PP, and functional groups in the SCS from 1958 to 2009. The modeled results showed that the annual mean carbon composition of small phytoplankton, diatoms, and coccolithophores was 33.7, 52.7, and 13.6 %, respectively. Diatoms showed a higher seasonal variability than small phytoplankton and coccolithophores. Diatoms were abundant during winter in most areas of the SCS except for the offshore of southeastern Vietnam, where diatom blooms occurred in both summer and winter. Higher values of small phytoplankton and coccolithophores occurred mostly in summer. Our modeled results indicated that the seasonal variability of PP was driven by the East Asian Monsoon. The northeast winter monsoon results in more nutrients in the offshore area of the northwestern Luzon Island and the Sunda Shelf, while the southwest summer monsoon drives coastal upwelling to bring sufficient nutrients to the offshore area of southeastern Vietnam. The modeled PP was correlated with El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) at the interannual scale. The positive phase of ENSO (El Niño conditions) corresponded to lower PP and the negative phase of ENSO (La Niña conditions) corresponded to higher PP. 相似文献
13.
The living coccolithophores(LCs) are an important class of calcified taxa of phytoplankton functional groups,and major producers of marine biogenic inorganic carbon,playing an important role in the marine carbon cycle.In this study,we report the two-demensional abundance,composition of LCs and its correlation with the environmental parameters in spring and autumn,in order to understand the ecological role of LCs in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea.In spring,totally 9 taxa belonging to coccolithophyceae were identified using a polarized microscope at the 1 000× magnification.The dominant species were Emiliania huxleyi,Gephyrocapsa oceanica,Helicosphaera carteri,and Calcidiscus leptoporus.The abundance of coccosphores and coccoliths ranged 0–7.72cells/m L,and 0–216.09 coccoliths/m L,with the average values of 0.21 cells/m L,and 11.36 coccoliths/m L,respectively.The Emiliania huxleyi distribution was similar to Gephyrocapsa oceanica.The highest abundance of coccoliths was observed in the east of Shandong Peninsula in northern Yellow Sea,whereas Helicosphaera carteri distributed more widely.Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica were the two predominant species in LCs with higher abundances.The distribution of LCs was similar to that of coccoliths.In autumn,14 taxa belonging to coccolithophyceae were identified with dominant species as Emiliania huxleyi,Gephyrocapsa oceanica,Helicosphaera carteri,Calcidiscus leptoporus and Oolithotus fragilis.The abundance of coccosphores and coccoliths ranged 0–24.69 cells/m L,and 0–507.15 coccoliths/m L,with the average values of 1.47 cells/m L,and55.89 coccoliths/m L,respectively.The highest abundance of coccoliths was located in Qingdao coastal waters and south of the survey area.The distribution of LCs was similar to the coccoliths; in addition,LCs presented large abundance in the east of the central Yellow Sea area. 相似文献
14.
We investigated the biogenic components (biogenic opal, calcium carbonate, and organic carbon) of the marine sediments in core TY99PC18 recovered from the southeastern part of the Ulleung Basin, East Sea (Japan Sea). Our results indicate that primary productivity by diatoms increased after the last glaciation (15,000 14C years b.p.) probably because of the onset of vertical mixing of seawater and nutrient supply from the deep water. Between 5,000 and 10,000 14C years b.p. a shift in the dominant primary producer, i.e. from diatoms to coccolithophores, coincides with decreased productivity, which could be related to the influx of warm, low-nutrient waters at that time. During the late Holocene (after 5,000 14C years b.p.) the productivity of diatoms increased once more probably due to renewed ventilation and vertical mixing. 相似文献
15.
Sediment traps are an important tool for studying the source, composition and sedimentation processes of sinking particulate matter in the ocean. An in situ observational mooring(TJ-A-1) is located in the northern South China Sea(20.05°N, 117.42°E) at a water depth of 2 100 m and equipped with two sediment traps deployed at 500 m and 1 950 m. Samples were collected at 18-day intervals, and 20 samples were obtained at both depths from May 2014 to May 2015. Large amounts of fecal matter and marine snow were collected in the lower trap. The fluxes of marine snow and fecal pellets exhibited a fluctuating decrease between May 2014 and early August 2014 and then stabilized at a relatively low level. Scanning electron microscopy observations revealed that the main components of the marine snow and fecal pellets were diatoms, coccolithophores, radiolarians, and other debris, all of which are planktons mostly produced in photic zone. Used in conjunction with the particle collection range estimates from the lower trap and data on ocean surface chlorophyll, these marine snow and fecal pellets were related to the lateral transport of deep water and not vertical migrations from overlying water column. Moreover, the source area might be southwest of Taiwan. 相似文献
16.
2008年冬季西太平洋表层海水浮游藻类分布特征——分子有机地球化学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对西太平洋海区表层海水颗粒物的过滤收集,利用有机地球化学方法,提取了与浮游植物相关的脂类分子,如菜子甾醇、甲藻甾醇、直链烯酮、长链二醇,分别对应于硅藻、甲藻、颗石藻、黄绿藻,分析探讨了以浮游植物生物标志物为基础的海洋生物群落和生物量的变化特征及其影响因素。研究结果表明,利用脂类标志物方法所得生物量与海洋叶绿素分布有较好的对应关系,是一种有效的重建海洋浮游植物生产力与群落结构的方法。该区域浮游植物生物分布呈明显的区域特征,长江河口陆架区域最高,其次为新几内亚群岛东部沿岸区和菲律宾群岛沿岸,而远洋区域最低。造成该结果的主要因素是河流、洋流以及区域地貌、沉积物再悬浮。硅藻由于其对营养物质的竞争优势,丰度普遍较高,其次为甲藻,而颗石藻、黄绿藻含量较低。该研究成果不仅可用于现代海洋生态结构变化的检测,更将为利用脂类分子进行古海洋群落结构的真实重建提供重要的科学依据。 相似文献
17.
D. I. Glukhovets O. V. Kopelevich I. V. Sahling V. A. Artemiev L. A. Pautova E. K. Lange M. D. Kravchishina 《Oceanology》2017,57(3):410-418
The article presents the results of shipboard and satellite measurements in the surface layer of the Baltic, Norwegian, and Barents seas during legs from the Baltic to the White Sea in June–August 2014–2016. Special attention is paid to marine phytoplankton blooms of cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea and coccolithophores in the Barents Sea. No blooms were found in the Norwegian Sea. The efficiency of combined application of in situ and satellite optical methods for studying the parameters of phytoplankton blooms is shown. 相似文献
18.
Seasonal variations in coccolithophore abundance, chlorophyll, nutrients and production of particulate organic and inorganic carbon (POC and PIC) were determined along a coastal to oceanic east-west transect (Line P) culminating at Ocean Station Papa in the northeastern subarctic Pacific between 1998 and 2000. Offshore stations generally exhibited low seasonality in chlorophyll concentrations, with moderate seasonality in POC production. Near shelf stations showed a similar pattern to offshore stations, but were also characterized by sporadic events of higher POC productivity. During the 1998 El Niño, June was characterized by low chlorophyll and POC productivity along the transect, presumably as a result of depleted surface nitrate. In contrast, during the 1999 La Niña, and in 2000, higher POC productivity and surface nitrate occurred along the transect in June. Chlorophyll and POC productivity were similar in late summer in all 3 years. The coccolithophore population was usually numerically dominated by Emiliania huxleyi, particularly in June. Along the transect, abundance of coccolithophores was much higher in June during the 1998 El Niño (mean of 221 cells ml−1) than in the 1999 La Niña (mean of 40 cells ml−1), with their abundance in late summers of both years being very low. Abundances were even higher along the transect in June and the late summer of 2000 with sporadic ‘blooms’ of >1000 cells ml−1 at some stations (cruise averages 395 and 552 cell ml−1, respectively). Production rates of PIC did not consistently correlate with areas of high coccolithophore abundance. PIC production was high (100-250 mg C m−2 d−1) along the transect during June 1998, and low (1-40 mg C m−2 d−1) during both winters, June 1999 and during late summers of 1998 and 1999. The year 2000 was more complicated, with high rates of PIC production accompanying high abundance of coccolithophores in late summer, but lower rates of PIC production accompanying high coccolithophore numbers in June. Our data suggest that the abundance of coccolithophores and the production rates of PIC in the subarctic are higher than previously thought. Occasional PIC:POC production ratios of 1 or greater in 1998 and 2000 suggest that coccolithophores in this region could have a significant impact on the efficiency of the biological carbon pump. 相似文献
19.
《Marine Policy》2013
The large marine ecosystem (LME) governance framework was developed to address the complexity inherent within the Wider Caribbean Region with respect to the region's shared living marine resources. The framework is adaptable to all multi-scale living marine resource situations and provides a basis for incremental implementation of interventions. Parts of the overall governance framework can be targeted for sub-framework development and strengthening through institutional reforms and capacity building. Three examples, the Eastern Caribbean flyingfish fishery, marine protected area (MPA) management and the Eastern Caribbean tuna fishery, are used to illustrate the application of the framework in facilitating and assessing governance effectiveness in the Caribbean. In each case, the purpose is to show the different governance questions that must be addressed at policy, strategy and action levels to make up a complete governance arrangement and how these are distributed among several levels on the institutional scale that typically occur in regional marine resource governance. 相似文献
20.
低碳是海洋循环经济实现的重要途径,实现海洋渔业的碳平衡是海洋传统经济转变的重要发展方式。本文通过对2013—2022年全国及沿海9省(区)的海洋捕捞碳排放量与碳汇量测算,在此基础上分析了全国及沿海9省(区)的碳平衡状态,并利用灰色关联度分析碳平衡状态影响因素的关联度。结果表明除2020年-2022年山东省的碳平衡状态为盈余外,其他均为碳赤字状态。对于碳平衡状态的影响因素,总体来看全国与沿海9省(区)关联度较大的是海洋捕捞产量、捕捞人员数量和海水养殖面积。最后从加快渔船的升级改造与更新淘汰、调整捕捞的作业方式、提高海水养殖贝藻类的养殖规模以及加快渔业专业合作组织的建立和加速推广渔业碳汇交易提出相关对策建议,以期尽快地实现海洋渔业的碳平衡。 相似文献