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随着技术的进步和数据处理方法的完善,经过修正的卫星高度计数据已获得普遍认可。但在南大洋缺少波浪现场数据,卫星高度计在极端恶劣气候条件下获得数据的准确度仍受到一定程度的质疑。中国于2020年第36次南极考察中,在南大洋布放了一套感应耦合漂流浮标,可提供可靠的南大洋现场波浪数据。本文利用该漂流浮标2020年1月27日至9月29日共246天的有效波高数据与7颗卫星的高度计资料进行对比,研究了空间窗口的选取对卫星高度计与浮标数据比较的影响。选定了30 min、160 km的时空窗口,对两种波高数据进行了对比,两者具有较高的一致性,但存在一定的差异。最终得出了经过其他海域现场波浪数据修正的卫星高度计资料,不一定能准确刻画南大洋有效波高特征,需要更多的现场资料进行再次修正的结论。 相似文献
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极地海气通量异常通过大气环流将极区和中低纬度气候变化联系起来,海气通量观测是从根本上认识极区对中低纬度气候影响实质的关键手段之一。目前,国内外高纬度定点海气通量观测非常稀少,可借鉴的极地锚锭浮标布放技术也处在摸索阶段。中国第六次北极考察队在北太平洋高纬海域白令海成功投放一套锚锭海气浮标,进行定点气温、湿度、风速、短波辐射、长波辐射,海表面温度等海气界面数据连续观测,这是我国在北太平洋高纬海域成功布放的首套锚锭浮标。通过该套锚锭浮标的成功布放,获得了我国以"雪龙"船为平台的极地锚锭浮标布放技术的宝贵经验。本文从极地锚锭浮标布放的意义、锚锭浮标介绍、布放原则和方案、布放过程及布放关键技术等方面进行阐述,为我国未来极地锚锭浮标布放提供基础和借鉴。 相似文献
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介绍了我国船型海洋资料浮标浮标体和锚泊系统的设计方案 ,该浮标可适用于远海、深海海域布放 ,定点实时获取布放海域的水文、气象等有关要素的现场参数 相似文献
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介绍了我国船型海洋资料浮标体和锚泊系统的设计方案，该浮标可适用于远海、深海海域布放，定点实时获取布放海域的水文、气象等有关要素的现场参数。 相似文献
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1999年下半年 ,我国在南沙预定海域成功地布放了两只海洋气象浮标。该两只浮标是我国自行设计的首批船型海洋气象浮标 ,浮标具有对海洋气象、水文数据的自动遥测和传输功能。该浮标的成功布放 ,标志着我国海洋浮标的发展向前迈进了一步 ,对获取海洋资料 ,从而促进我国经济建设、海洋开发事业和维护海洋权益具有重要意义我国在南沙海域布放海洋气象浮标@毛祖松 相似文献
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一、问题的提出布放浮标的目的是为了获取海上的环境资料,在获取的资料中分实时和非实时两种。实时资料经无线通讯转发可及时用于海洋和天气要素的预报业务,因此浮标资料实时接收的情况是衡量浮标通讯技术和系统运行效益的硬指标。“七·五”期间,我国三种标型的研制工作全面铺开,又引进了数套MAREX浮标,从Ⅱ型大浮标、国产小浮标和进口 相似文献
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简要阐述了西北太平洋台风海域实时海洋监测及其对台风预测预报的重要意义，以及利用卫星跟踪的自动剖面浮标实时监测海洋环境要素的必要性和迫切性。2010–2016 年期间，中国 Argo 在该海域布放了 36 个铱卫星剖面浮标，利用其双向通讯功能，实现在台风天气条件下对上层海洋进行加密观测，从而获取到台风源地及其经过前后上层海洋的现场环境要素资料；开发研制了台风海域实时海洋环境智能服务平台， 实现了对台风路径附近 Argo 剖面浮标位置的实时监控、漂移轨迹的可视化追踪、观测参数的快速调整以及观测资料的高效检索和统计分析等智能管理目标。最后，展望西北太平洋台风海域 Argo 实时海洋监测网的发展及应用前景，设想在西北太平洋台风海域建设并维持一个由 30~45 个浮标组成的 Argo 实时海洋监测网，从而为台风预测预报提供更多、更有针对性的第一手资料。 相似文献
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为有效保护近海海底观测网观测安全,免受渔船拖网和抛锚等损坏的问题,设计了一套多警戒浮标(直径2.4~3.0 m)的实时监控系统,该警戒浮标可获取浮标本身工作状态,并能实时、动态、连续的将警戒浮标的运行状态发送到陆基岸站,实现对保护目标海域的实时监控,同时该浮标系统可进行扩充实现对海洋环境要素的观测。警戒浮标布设采用正多边形(三角形、正方形和正五边形等)预警保护方式,浮标以保护节点为中心等距布放,组网形成有效的海上保护围栏,保障海底观测系统的安全运行;供电系统采用太阳能电池和蓄电池组合供能方式,可保证在连续阴天的情况下警戒浮标系统运行100天。该警戒浮标技术已在东海海底观测网保护中成功示范运行6个月,该技术可为近海海底观测保护提供有效技术保障。 相似文献
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Recent global warming caused by humans and the prediction of a reduced Atlantic Ocean meridional overturning circulation in the future has increased interest in the role of the overturning circulation in climate change. A schematic diagram of the overturning circulation called the “Great Ocean Conveyor Belt,” published by Wallace Broecker in 1987, has become a popular image that emphasizes the inter-connected ocean circulation and the northward flux of heat in the Atlantic. This seems a good time to review the development of the conveyor belt concept and summarize the history of overturning circulation schematics.In the 19th century it was thought that symmetric overturning circulation cells were located on either side of the equator in the Atlantic. As new hydrographic measurements were obtained, circulation schematics in the early 20th century began to show the inter-hemispheric overturning circulation in the Atlantic. In the second half of the 20th century schematics showed the global ocean overturning circulation including connections between the Atlantic and the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Some recent schematics of the overturning circulation show its complexities, but as more information is included these schematics have also become complex and not as easy to understand as the simple Broecker 1987 version. However, these complex schematics, especially the quantitative ones, represent valuable syntheses of our developing knowledge of the overturning circulation. 相似文献
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提高全民海洋意识对于建设海洋强国具有重要意义,在全民海洋意识教育中,大学生作为海洋强国梦的重要建设力量,提高大学生群体的海洋意识非常重要。文章在分析大学生群体海洋意识教育现状的基础上,提出了加强海洋通识教育课程建设、利用快速发展的计算机技术创新海洋通识教育形式、培育师资力量、加大网络教育资源建设、利用重大活动及纪念日和社团提高参与度等相关对策。 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3):469-493
Cetacean research, in terms of the number of papers, and areas for which data are available, has expanded considerably in the southern African subregion in the past decade, especially in the South-West Indian Ocean. We review cetacean research within this subregion from the 1800s to the present to provide an overview of findings, investigate trends and identify knowledge gaps. Data are presented separately for large whales (those subject to commercial whaling) and smaller cetaceans, and are separated by era and ocean basin. Over 550 peer-reviewed papers and books were identified relating to research on cetaceans within the subregion. More than half (284) have been produced since 1990 and 193 relate specifically to South African waters. The most-studied species are those that are most accessible due to their coastal distributions (southern right whale Eubalaena australis: 45 papers, humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae: 31 papers, killer whales Orcinus orca: 27 papers, Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin Tursiops aduncus: 30 papers, Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin Sousa chinensis (plumbea form): 25 papers) and/or were hunted commercially (sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus: 25 papers). Identified conservation concerns vary throughout the subregion, but include bycatch and directed hunts, oil and gas development, ecotourism activities, shifts in prey resources, and noise and chemical pollution. The inshore stocks of Bryde's whales Balaenoptera edeni, the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin and the Atlantic humpback dolphin S. teuszii were identified as the populations of highest conservation concern, although there are considerable knowledge gaps relating to deep-water species and almost no data (even on species occurrence) are available for several areas and countries. 相似文献
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Ocean urea fertilization is one geoengineering proposal aimed at not only reducing the atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide but also increasing fish populations in nutrient poor areas of the ocean. Theoretically ocean fertilization promises great benefits but there is also the possibility of serious environmental damage to consider. The nature of ocean urea fertilization means it is more likely to be carried out in coastal waters, providing States with different powers to enforce their laws compared to ocean iron fertilization which is more suitable to waters beyond national jurisdiction. This paper considers the process and effect urea, when used for the purpose of ocean fertilization, may have on the marine environment as well as the social implications, particularly for coastal and island people in developing nations. 相似文献
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The mathematical framework for turbulent transport in the ocean is reasonably well established. It may be applied to large-scale fields of scalars in the ocean and to the instantaneous or continuous discharge from a point. The theory and its physical basis can also provide an interpretation of passive scalar spectra. Spatial variations in the rate of turbulent transfer can be related to the movement of the center of mass of a scalar and to a formulation in terms of entrainment. The relative dispersion of a scalar with respect to its center of mass and the streakiness of the concentration field within the relative dispersion domain need to be considered. In many of these problems it is valuable to think in terms of simple models for individual streaks, as well as overall statistical properties. 相似文献
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The accuracy of GPS data analysis for the vertical component has reached a level where the vertical crustal deformation due to the ocean tidal loading should be taken into consideration. Ocean loading affects in particular the results of the GPS analysis for those observation sets covering less than 24 hours. Especially in these cases, a correction for this phenomenon should be performed during the data analysis. On the other hand, it is possible to estimate the ocean loading effect from GPS data sets. In this way it is possible to validate models for the loading deformation derived from global ocean tide models. 相似文献
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用59年Ishii再分析温度资料,讨论了热带西南印度洋(SWTIO)上升流区的季节和年际变化以及与上升流区有关的温度距平的变化,同时分析了其与热带印太海气系统的关系,结果显示SWTIO 上升流在南半球冬、夏季比较强,春季最弱。它的范围在5°~1°S,在东西向从50°E可以伸展到90°E。该上升流区的变化与温跃层的温度距平有密切的关系,并存在明显的5 a振荡周期。SWTIO上升流区温度距平的5 a周期振荡是由热带东印度洋温度距平在最大垂直温度距平曲面(MTAL)上向西沿着11.5°~6.5°S传播过来的,它与热带太平洋的温度距平传播方式不同。SWTIO上升流是热带印太海气系统的一个重要组成部分,印度洋偶极子 超前SWTIO上升流区温度变化5个月,最大相关系数达到0.57,NINO3区指数超前SWTIO上升流区指数2个月达到0.49。当热带印太区域的大气风场改变,影响热带太平洋和印度洋表层SSTA,出现ENSO和DIPOLE,进一步向西传播到SWTIO次表层,导致SWTIO上升流区出现改变。 相似文献
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珊瑚中的δ18O含量可以高精度地记录热带海洋中的气候变率及气候变化信息, 从而弥补器测观测时间长度有限的缺陷, 为反演过去长期的气候状况提供了可能。热带印度洋的气候模态通过海气相互作用影响周边区域甚至全球的气候, 具有重要的研究意义。本文对比分析了1880—1999年间热带印度洋4个站点(肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚、塞舌尔、明打威)的珊瑚δ18O数据, 研究了其对热带印度洋气候的反演情况。结果显示, 珊瑚δ18O对海表温度(sea surface temperature, SST)的长期变化趋势反演良好, 珊瑚δ18O与局地SST在季节循环中保持一致, 且在低温季节对SST的变化更为敏感。此外, 4个站点的珊瑚δ18O对印度洋海盆模态(Indian Ocean Basin Mode, IOBM)和印度洋偶极子模态(Indian Ocean Dipple Mode, IODM)有一定的表征能力, 并且δ18O记录的热带印度洋年际变率受年代际变率调制。本文的研究结果表明, 珊瑚δ18O数据对于了解古气候时期热带印度洋气候变率具有重要的指示意义, 但同时也需要综合考虑不同站点的信息来完整地反映印度洋在历史时期的气候变化情况。 相似文献
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Flow of winter-transformed Pacific water into the Western Arctic 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Robert S. Pickart Thomas J. Weingartner Lawrence J. Pratt Sarah Zimmermann Daniel J. Torres 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2005,52(24-26):3175
The dynamics of the flow of dense water through Barrow Canyon is investigated using data from a hydrographic survey in summer 2002. The focus is on the winter-transformed Bering water—the highest volumetric mode of winter water in the Chukchi Sea—which drains northward through the canyon in spring and summer. The transport of this water mass during the time of the survey was 0.2–0.3 Sv. As the layer flowed from the head of the canyon to the mouth, it sank, decelerated, and stretched. Strong cyclonic relative vorticity was generated on the seaward side of the jet, which compensated for the stretching. This adjustment was incomplete, however, in that it did not extend across the entire current, possibly because of internal mixing due to shear instabilities. The resulting vorticity structure of the flow at the canyon mouth was conducive for baroclinic instability and eddy formation. Multiple eddies of winter-transformed Bering water were observed along the Chukchi–Beaufort shelfbreak. Those to the west of Barrow Canyon were in the process of being spawned by the eastward-flowing shelfbreak current emanating from Herald Canyon, while the single eddy observed to the east originated from the Barrow Canyon outflow. It is argued that such an eddy formation is a major source of the ubiquitous cold-core anti-cyclones observed historically throughout the Canada Basin. Implications for the ventilation of the upper halocline of the Western Arctic are discussed. 相似文献