共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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水声技术可用于调查流量充足的、周期性的、无干扰的冷泉气泡释放。通过单波束换能器(40和300kHz)水平方向检测人工产生的气泡试验，证明声波随着气体流通率的增加其反向散射强度也增强。像观测到的天然喷泉一样，水声系统既能通过这种方法来计算气泡在扩散中的流通量，也能与回声穿透值建立联系。本方法除已知波束宽度外没有任何特定参数可参考。 相似文献
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根据山东荣成沿岸风电机组产生的声波范围选取其中178Hz的峰值声音,声压级控制于(85±5)d B,在实验室水槽中,采用实验生态学方法研究了178Hz声波影响下的刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)幼参的行为反应、耗氧率以及体腔液抗氧化酶(CAT、SOD)浓度的变化。通过平均聚集率的变化比较,发现刺参对178Hz的声波胁迫环境的行为反应敏感;利用空瓶法测得幼参耗氧率显著低于对照组(P0.05);通过测定刺参体腔液免疫活性发现在该频率声波干扰下的刺参CAT活性显著高于对照组(P0.05),而SOD活性于对照组差异不明显(P0.05)。研究结果说明声波对刺参幼参的呼吸和免疫会产生明显影响,可为我国近海刺参养殖和风电发展策略提供参考。 相似文献
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电力设备运行中的温升现象严重影响绝缘的使用寿命,因此高温下的空间电荷测量引起了许多学者的关注.但温度升高时,聚合物材料的声阻抗、Young模量、密度、声波在其中传播的速度、衰减特性均发生变化,因此无法准确测量出介质中的空间电荷特性.而对于温度梯度场下的绝缘介质(如电缆发热场)的空间电荷测量,温度的梯度分布对介质的声阻抗、弹性模量、密度、声速及声波衰减的影响将更为复杂.本文基于电声脉冲测量方法中声波的传播特性和温度对聚乙烯材料特性的影响,分析了温度梯度场对空间电荷测量结果的影响并进行了波形恢复. 相似文献
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本文提出一种用高频正入射声脉冲估测海底表层沉积物衰减系数的方法。在一定的条件下,正入射声脉冲海底回波的包络含有指数衰减因子exp(-βct)。如果声波频率足够高,回波包络的形状主要取决于声波在沉积物中传播的指数衰减。因此,从回波包络可以估算沉积物的衰减系数。本文在细密分层模型的基础上推导出回波包络,这可以看作是对高频声波在沉积物中体积散射机理的一种解释。文中给出了海上实验的测量结果。 相似文献
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为了准确理解冷泉水体中甲烷气体的分布规律,综合运用单波束测深数据和冷泉水体流场数据,建立了冷泉气泡上升、溶解速率的定量反演方法,利用现场海试资料对反演方法进行了验证,并对海试区域的冷泉气体溢出、溶解通量以及冷泉水体的甲烷浓度进行了估算。计算结果表明,考察船航向与冷泉水体流向的差异会对声学探测结果产生影响,当航向与流向的夹角大于±60°时,声学成像中冷泉倾角的误差将超过50%。同时,冷泉气泡上升速率的衰减与溢出口水深显著相关,相关系数可达0.9,并且冷泉上升流对上升速率的提升效果明显。水合物稳定带的分布对冷泉气泡的收缩速率影响显著,稳定带内、外收缩速率的差异可达3～4倍。冷泉气体通量的计算结果表明,调查区域内冷泉的溢出强度整体较大,同时溶解通量与水深之间呈现明显的分段效应。根据冷泉气体溶解通量估算的冷泉水体甲烷浓度与色谱分析结果具有较好的一致性。相关研究有助于实现对冷泉水体中甲烷气体分布的定量评估,为潜在海底冷泉区的圈划和海域天然气水合物的调查提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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Bok Kyoung Choi Suk Wang Yoon 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2001,26(1):125-130
Sound attenuation has been solely used to estimate bubble size distributions of bubbly water in the conventional acoustic bubble sizing methods. These conventional methods are useful for the void fraction around 10-6 or lower. However, the change of compressibility in the bubbly water also should be considered in bubble sizing for the void fraction around 10-5 or higher. Recently the sound speed as well as sound attenuation was considered for acoustic bubble size estimation in bubbly water. In this paper, the sound speed estimated from sound attenuation in bubbly water by an iterative method is used for a bubble counting. This new iterative inverse bubble sizing technique is numerically tested for bubble distributions of single-size Gaussian, and power-law functions. The numerical simulation results are in agreement with the given bubble distributions even for the high void fractions of 10-4-10-3. It suggests that the iterative inverse technique can be a very powerful tool for practical use in acoustic bubble counting in the ocean 相似文献
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When modeling sound propagation through the uppermost layers of the ocean, the presence of bubble clouds cannot be ignored. Their existence can convert a range-independent sound propagation problem into a range-dependent one. Measurements show that strong changes in sound speed and attenuation are produced by the presence of swarms of microbubbles which can be depicted as patchy clouds superimposed on a very weak background layer. While models suitable for use in acoustic calculations are available for the homogeneous bubble layer (which results from long time averages of the total bubble population), no similar parameterizations are available for the more realistic inhomogeneous bubble layer. Based on available information and within the framework of a classification scheme for bubble plumes proposed by Monahan, a model for the range and depth dependence of the bubbly environment is developed to fill this void. This model, which generates a possible realization of the bubbly environment, is then used to calculate the frequency-dependent change in the sound speed and attenuation induced by the presence of the bubble plumes. Time evolution is not addressed in this work 相似文献
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A formal theory exists for determining sound attenuation from a known distribution of bubble sizes in the ocean; however, an integral equation must be inverted if attenuation is given and the distribution of bubbles is not. An approximate distribution can be determined based on the resonant bubble approximation (RBA). An iterative approach, for which the RBA represents the zeroth iteration, was proposed and carried out to the first iteration in a previous paper . It was suggested that additional iterations would improve the bubble-distribution results. Here we formulate the procedure to carry the results to a higher order and demonstrate, based on a theoretical distribution of a multiple power law form, the improvements in successive approximations of the bubble distribution to the fourth iteration level. A recursion relation is developed that allows one to carry the iteration out to an arbitrary order. It is shown that regions of the distribution that change in the power-law exponent are places where the higher order corrections improve the results the most. 相似文献
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采用新的无量纲变量组合推导出波浪破碎形成的气泡总数与气体体积卷入率、湍流能谱密度以及表面张力之间的关系;利用观测结果提出两点假设,并据此将泡径谱N(a)推广为随泡径和深度的分布函数N(a,z)。 相似文献
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基于废旧轮胎再利用及研发简易且低廉的施工方法与维护成本,本研究以规则波水工模型试验研究提出应用于港口码头的多孔隙弹性帷幕的初步理念。利用模型车轮胎以模块化方式组装成弹性帷幕后安装于码头前壁,研究多种周期波浪作用及不同消波室纵深对波浪反射率的影响。实验结果表明,简单的单一消波室多孔隙弹性帷幕对短周期波浪的消波效果较显著,消波室纵深较大者反射率较低,但可能引致水体振荡,后续可再强化消波室的消能效果。未来如能妥善研究废旧轮胎应用于多孔隙弹性帷幕消波结构物的施工与维修方法,除可缓解废旧轮胎处理给环境带来的压力外,也提供一种可用于简易渔港的施工简单、维修容易且资源再利用的消能结构物,该工程技术亦可输出至发展中国家,符合可持续发展观。 相似文献
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The hydroacoustic method for the quantification of the gas flux from a submersed bubble plume 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This article presents an inverse hydroacoustic method for the remote quantification of the total gas flux transported from
an underwater bubble plume. The method includes the surveying of the bubble plume by a vertically looking echo sounder and
the calculation of the flux using the spatial distribution of the ultrasound backscattering at a fixed depth. A simplified
parameterization containing only a few parameters is introduced to describe the empirical bubble size distribution. The linear
correlation between the backscattering cross section of the bubble stream and the vertical gas flux is found. The calculation
procedure takes into account the occurrence of a gas hydrate film at the bubble’s surface. The influence of different parameters
on the accuracy of the method is investigated. The resolution volume of the echo sounder corresponding to the fixed distance
is considered as a two-dimensional spatial window. The method was applied to quantify the total convective methane flux at
the Haakon-Mosby mud volcano (HMMV) depth 1280 m. The calculated values of the total flux near the bottom (100–400 t/year)
are in good agreement with the independently estimated flux for the single bubble jet observed from the ROV (70 t/year). These
calculations also show significant temporal variability of the flux at the HMMV. The total flux was found to vary by about
a factor of 2–3 within time scales of days. 相似文献
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Three decades of continuous ocean exploration have led us to identify subsurface fluid related processes as a key phenomenon in marine earth science research. The number of seep areas located on the seafloor has been constantly increasing with the use of multi-scale imagery techniques. Due to recent advances in transducer technology and computer processing, multibeam echosounders are now commonly used to detect submarine gas seeps escaping from the seafloor into the water column. A growing number of en-route surveys shows that sites of gas emissions escaping from the seafloor are much more numerous than previously thought. Estimating the temporal variability of the gas flow rate and volumes escaping from the seafloor has thus become a challenge of relevant interest which could be addressed by sea-floor continuous acoustic monitoring. Here, we investigate the feasibility of estimating the volumetric flow rates of gas emissions from horizontal backscattered acoustic signals. Different models based on the acoustic backscattering theory of bubbles are presented. The forward volume backscattering strength and the inversion volumetric flow rate solutions were validated with acoustic measurements from artificial gas flow rates generated in controlled sea-water tank experiments. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to investigate the behavior of the 120-kHz forward solution with respect to model input parameters (horizontal distance between transducer and bubble stream, bubble size distribution and ascent rate). The most sensitive parameter was found to be the distance of the bubble stream which can affect the volume backscattering strength by 20 dB within the horizontal range of 0–200 m. Results were used to derive the detection probability of a bubble stream for a given volume backscattering strength threshold according to different bubble flow rates and horizontal distance. 相似文献
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Bok Kyoung Choi Bong -Chae Kim Byoung -Nam Kim Suk Wang Yoon 《Ocean Science Journal》2006,41(4):195-199
Comparative study was carried out for an acoustic iterative inverse method to estimate bubble size distributions in water.
Conventional bubble sizing methods consider only sound attenuation for sizing. Choi and Yoon [IEEE, 26(1), 125–130 (2001)]
reported an acoustic iterative inverse method, which extracts the sound speed component from the measured sound attenuation.
It can more accurately estimate the bubble size distributions in water than do the conventional methods. The estimation results
of acoustic iterative inverse method were compared with other experimental data. The experimental data show good agreement
with the estimation from the acoustic iterative inverse method. This iterative technique can be utilized for bubble sizing
in the ocean. 相似文献