共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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2007年7月—2008年6月,在海州湾前三岛附近海域进行了栉孔扇贝深水筏式养殖实验。周年监测了海区的环境因子和栉孔扇贝的生长情况,并利用生物沉积法,现场研究了各生长时期扇贝的滤食作用。结果表明,该海区养殖栉孔扇贝在当年秋、冬季和次年春季生长迅速,夏季生长相对缓慢,周年平均软组织生长速度为11.29mg/d,平均干贝壳生长速度为48.84mg/d,扇贝能够于次年年初达到商品规格(6cm)。不同时期栉孔扇贝滤水率之间差异显著,在扇贝规格相似的情况下,滤水率随水温升高而升高;而水温相近的情况下,滤水率随扇贝规格增大而增加。利用改进的Incze等(1981)的养殖容量模型,评估了该海区养殖容量,结果表明在现有养殖模式下,2007年7、9、11、12月以及2008年3、6月,沿着海流方向适养区域长度分别为4.0、4.6、4.7、5.1、4.5和3.2km,平均为4.35km;垂直于海流方向单位宽度(100m)的海区可以支持的扇贝湿重随着扇贝的生长逐渐增加,到2008年3月份达到最高(16.73t),随后开始下降。 相似文献
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在实验室条件下,用流水装置测定了体质量、昼夜节律、藻密度和流速对沟纹巴非蛤(Paphia exarataPhilippi)滤水率的影响。结果表明:(1)单位体质量滤水率随个体体质量的增加而减小,二者之间呈负幂函数关系:R_f'=0.657w~(-0.6501)。(2)在1个昼夜里,测定了00:00、04:00、08:00、12:00、16:00、20:00共6个时间点的滤水率,滤水率在00:00时最小、08:00时最大,二者差异显著(P<0.05),与其它时刻的滤水率无显著差异。(3)在一定藻密度范围内,滤水率随着藻密度的增加而增大,当藻密度超过(4.5±0.11)×10~4个/mL 之后,滤水率反而降低。(4)在3.6～9.0 L/h 的流速范围内,滤水率随流速的增大而增大,当流速达到7.2 L/h 后滤水率增加不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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采用室内实验生态学方法对华贵栉孔扇贝的耗氧率和排氨率进行了研究。旨在为华贵栉孔扇贝养殖容量的调查及生态生理的研究提供参考,并可为海洋生态系统动力学和贝类能量学研究提供科学依据。实验结果表明,在实验温度(13—33℃)范围内,华贵栉孔扇贝的耗氧率(OR)和排氨率(NR)与体重(W)都呈负相关,可以用Y=aW-b表示。华贵栉孔扇贝的耗氧率和温度的关系可以表示为OR=-c+b1T-b2T2。在13—28℃温度范围内,华贵栉孔扇贝的耗氧率随温度的升高而增加,28℃时,耗氧率达到最大值,温度升高到33℃时,耗氧率反而下降。而排氨率与温度的关系可以表示为1NR=c1edT,在实验温度范围内,排氨率随温度的升高则呈持续升高趋势。华贵栉孔扇贝呼吸和排泄Q10值范围分别为0.466—2.471和1.129—2.437。在23—28℃温度范围内,不同规格华贵栉孔扇贝的耗氧率和排氨率的比值(原子数O:N)较高。方差分析表明,体重、温度及二者的交互作用对华贵栉孔扇贝的耗氧率和排氨率均有极显著的影响(P0.01)。华贵栉孔扇贝的日常代谢明显高于标准代谢,耗氧率和排氨率平均值分别提高29.9%和69.4%。 相似文献
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饵料密度、温度和体质量对大西洋浪蛤滤水率的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
2004年4月～7月采用实验生态学方法对浙江引种养殖的大西洋浪蛤（Spisula solidissima）繁殖培育的一龄蛤进行滤水率的研究。结果表明：（1）以新月菱形藻为饵料，在适宜的饵料密度范围内大西洋浪蛤的滤水率随着饵料密度的增加而增大，它们之间呈函数关系；（2）体质量对滤水率的影响呈幂函数关系y=0．1622W^0.848（R^2=0．9988）；（3）在一定温度范围内，随温度升高滤水率增加；超过一定温度范围，随温度升高滤水率下降。当温度为21℃时滤水率达到最大值0．77L／h。 相似文献
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盐度对长江口3种滤食性贝类滤水率、摄食率、同化率的影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
采用实验生态学方法研究了盐度对长江口缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)、河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)和光滑河蓝蛤(Potamocorbula laevis)滤水率、摄食率、同化率的影响。缢蛏组设6个盐度梯度(5,10,15,20,25,30),光滑河蓝蛤组设6个盐度梯度(5,10,15,20,25,30),河蚬组设6个盐度梯度(0,5,10,15,20,25),并测定了此3种滤食性贝类的生物学参数。结果显示,3种滤食性贝类的滤水率、摄食率和同化率随着盐度的上升而增加,当上升到一定盐度时达到峰值,然后随着盐度的升高而降低。盐度20时,缢蛏滤水率、摄食率和同化率达到峰值,分别为0.57L/h、5.38mg POM/h和0.72%。盐度10时,光滑河蓝蛤滤水率和同化率达到峰值,分别为0.46L/h和0.53%,摄食率在盐度15时达到峰值3.80mg POM/h。盐度5时河蚬滤水率和摄食率都达到峰值,分别为0.39 L/h和2.48 mg POM/h,同化率在盐度0时已达到峰值0.51%,并随盐度上升而下降。上述结果表明,盐度对3种滤食性贝类的3个摄食生理指标均有显著影响。 相似文献
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栉孔扇贝对镉的富集及释放规律的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过暴露染毒方法研究了栉孔扇贝对镉离子(Cd2+)的35d富集与30d释放规律。结果表明:栉孔扇贝对镉有很强的富集性,体内的镉含量与暴露溶液里的Cd2+浓度呈正相关;栉孔扇贝对镉的释放速率随着暴露水体中镉浓度的增加而减慢。应用双箱动力学模型,通过非线性拟合得到了栉孔扇贝对Cd2+的吸收速率常数k1随着外部水体中镉浓度的增大而减小,生物富集系数BCF则随着外部水体中镉浓度的增大而减少。当镉浓度为0.05mg/L时BCF仅为3 730,而当镉浓度为0.000 5mg/L时BCF达到1.79×1011。平衡状态下栉孔扇贝体内镉含量(CAmax)随着水体中镉浓度增加急剧下降,与水体中镉浓度呈负相关;排出速率常数k2、生物学半衰期B1/2与低浓度镉无明显相关性,随着镉浓度的增大k2显著降低而B1/2显著增大。验证了双箱动力学模型适用于栉孔扇贝对Cd2+的生物富集与释放规律研究。 相似文献
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海湾扇贝和栉孔扇贝的碳代谢及能量代谢 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对海湾扇贝和栉孔扇贝的碳代谢和能量代谢进行了研究。结果表明;随着扇贝个体的增大,单位个体的最小碳需要量增加,但单位干重的最小碳需要量却降低。金藻的浓度低于1.0×104个/cm3时,两种扇贝均出现碳生产的负值。海湾扇贝和栉孔扇贝对金藻、海带、底泥的能量代谢结果显示;以3.56mg/dm3(干重)浓度金藻为食,两种扇贝能得到正的生长预算;以7.00mg/dm3(干重)的海带为食,也能正常生长。但以底泥为食,出现负生长。两种扇贝对金藻的利用率高,当金藻缺乏时,海带碎屑可作为食物补充。 相似文献
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南黄海海水中悬浮体垂向分布类型及跃层 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海水中悬浮体的垂向分布并非上下均匀,而是具有明显的层化现象,这种情况与海水中的温度、盐度、密度等物理性质的层化现象一样,不是偶然的,而是常年存在的,同时,悬浮体含量的层化分布对于海水的某些物理性质有较大影响。
1958年中国科学海洋研究所在南黄海南部海水中悬浮体的调査中已发现了悬浮体含量分布的层化现象。1981年, Kanau Matsuike等(1983)在东海区悬浮体的调查中发现了长江口外浅滩区海水中光束衰减的层化现象。Gorsline和Swift (1977)在关于大陆架沉积动力学的论述中指出,海水密度的层化现象总是伴随着悬浮体浓度的层化现象。1983-1984年中美南黄海沉积动力学联合调查中,作者(秦蕴珊等,1986)也发现了该区内海水中悬浮体含量的层化分布现象,并且提出了“悬浮体跃层”的概念。同期,赵保仁等(1986)在研究秋末南黄海海水透光度及其与环流的关系时指出,水体中透光度存在着一个“跃变层”。实际上,影响海水透光度衰减的主要因素是悬浮体浓度,因而,上述透光度之“跃变层”乃是悬浮体跃层在光学方面的表现。上述报道结果说明,悬浮体垂向分布的层化现象及悬浮体跃层的存在已经引起了有关学者的注意。但是,其性质、季节变化及成因等问题却很少有人研究,它们对海水许多重要物理性质的影响也鲜为人知,因而这些问题的解决在理论和实践方面均具有重要意义。
在总结了历年调查资料基础上,作者于1988年4月又在南黄海进行了补充调査,共设55个站位(图1),对本区悬浮体分布中的层化现象、跃层问题及季节变化等进行了系统分析,并且对其成因及其物理意义进行了初步探讨。关于悬浮体的平面分布问题作者已有专文讨论,兹不赘述。 相似文献
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We measured tissue phosphorus content of high and low intertidal Hormosira banksii to test the hypothesis that tissue phosphorus content would be greater in individuals from the low intertidal because of greater total uptake associated with longer immersion in seawater. Moreover, we predicted that tissue phosphorus would be greater at sites where the seawater contained higher phosphate concentrations. There was a positive, linear relationship between local seawater phosphate concentrations and tissue phosphorus content of H. banksii from high and low intertidal zones at six different sites in winter. However, there were no comparable relationships in summer, even though the range of seawater phosphate concentration was similar in both seasons. The phosphorus contents of low intertidal H. banksii were significantly greater than high intertidal H. banksii in winter, but not in summer. Reasons for these differences may be related to greater access to seawater phosphate in low intertidal algae (than those in the high intertidal) in winter, followed by greater utilisation of the internal phosphorus between winter and summer, due to faster growth rates in the low intertidal. 相似文献
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Holothuria arguinensis is a potential species for sea cucumber aquaculture in Europe. In a first experiment, feeding rate (FR), growth, absorption efficiency (AE) and survival of adults (135.01?±?10.87?g eviscerated weight) were assessed under sediment tank conditions. In a second experiment, the feasibility to use sea bream (Sparus aurata) biodeposits as a food source was studied for adults (168.69?±?14.59?g eviscerated weight). Individuals in the first experiment showed an increase of weight (specific growth rate (SGR)?=?0.2% d?1), positive FRs and mean value of AE close to 80% with a mean organic matter content of 90.07?±?11.5?mg/g in the offered sediment. Sea cucumbers fed with fish biodeposits showed a reduction of weight (SGR??1), low FRs and negative values of AE. The influence of low salinity and temperature during experiments should be considered to explain these results. Indeed, sea cucumbers can be affected by a decrease of these parameters during winter months resulting in a period of inactivity. 相似文献
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The reproduction and sexual cycles of Donax venustus Poli 1795, Donax semistriatus Poli 1795, and individuals with intermediate shell morphotypes were studied in the littoral of Málaga (Southern Spain) from February 1990 to January 1991, using histology and analysing the changes in flesh dry weight. The littoral of Málaga has mild seawater temperatures and several upwellings with high levels of chlorophyll a. Due to these environmental conditions, the reproductive periods of these bivalve species are very extensive, from February to November. The histological study shows asynchronous sexual cycles, with continuous but partial individual spawnings from April to November in about 50% of the D. semistriatus population, and percentages higher than 40% of the sample in most months for D. venustus. An important decrease in the ratio flesh dry weight/length3 was noted from June to August in the three populations; this is apparently related with peaks of spawning. Based on the macroscopic observation of the gonads, on the flesh dry weight study and on histological data, the sexual cycle of the intermediate morphotypes is simultaneous and similar throughout the year with those of D. venustus and D. semistriatus . 相似文献
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Reproductive cycles of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) from the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand, were followed between June 1998 and January 2000. Histological examination of the gonad confirms an annual cycle with a winter inactive period followed by rapid gonad development and a single short spawning period. The population gonad index correlated with seawater temperature and changes in tissue dry weight, condition index, and biochemical components. In winter, few individuals with early gametogenic stages were present and rapid development of primary oocytes (diam. 11 μm) occurred during spring (September‐November). The developmental rate and the diameter of mature oocytes (37 μm) was similar for the 1998 and 1999 seasons. For a standard 110‐mm‐length oyster, maximal tissue body weight and condition index were recorded in December. Rapid weight loss in January was length dependent and was attributed to spawning. Temperature was the environmental variable which best correlated with the timing of gametogenesis. Food availability (phytoplankton biomass) may have been responsible for inter‐annual variations. The biochemical composition (% glycogen, lipid, protein) of separated gonad and somatic tissues were variable seasonally and annually. Gametogenesis (oocyte diameter) was associated with increased gonad protein and glycogen and a decrease in lipid concentrations. These changes are similar to those in Pacific oyster populations from other parts of the world. 相似文献
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在现场和室内条件下研究了日本蟳(Charybdis japonica)对栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)的捕食机制。现场实验表明,成年日本蟳可以捕食壳高小于5.0 cm的栉孔扇贝,其捕食强度随着水温的升高而增大,而壳高大于5.9 cm的栉孔扇贝则可以免遭日本蟳的捕食;相对于栉孔扇贝,日本蟳更倾向于捕食贻贝;室内实验表明水温低于10℃时,日本蟳对大规格扇贝的捕食作用不明显。相同温度条件下,室内实验日本蟳的捕食强度要低于现场,但其温度系数(Q10)差别不大。在上述实验基础上,本文提出了提高底播栉孔扇贝成活率的方法,即选择大规格的扇贝在水温较低的秋、冬季进行底播,同时添加一部分贻贝作为牺牲诱饵以减少日本蟳对扇贝的捕食。 相似文献
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Abstract. The benthic flora of the limestone (20%) and sand (80%) substrates typical of intermediate depths on the west coast of Florida was sampled using quadrats over a three year period. Twenty seven taxa of macroscopic algae and one seagrass, Halophila decipiens , were collected. No plants were found during February of two consecutive years. The biomass and available energy ranged from 0 (winter) to 12.4g dry weight and 128 kJ (summer) per 25cm: on the limestone outcroppings and from 0 to 4.4g dry weight and 43 kJ for the sand substrate. The flora was seasonal with no dominant macroscopic algae occurring throughout the year. The flora of the intermediate depths is subjected to abiotic disturbances and is rudcral in nature. Thus, secondary production in the extensive intermediate depths along the west coast of Florida must depend more on the inshore, shallow water seagrass communities for primary production. 相似文献
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为了优化蛏苗集约化平面流中间培育技术,研究了不同进水流速和苗种规格对缢蛏中间培育效果的影响,并分析了集约化平面流中间培育系统的水质状况。结果显示,不同进水流速对缢蛏稚贝生长影响显著,稚贝生长速率随进水流速增加而增加,但成活率下降。通过流速与成活率和体质量日增生长量的线性回归分析,估算0.163L/s为适宜的进水流速。在适宜流速和相同放苗重量下,大规格苗种(8万粒/kg)生长速度显著高于小规格苗种(18万粒/kg),但因为小规格组放苗数量多,小规格组单位面积质量较其高出23.72%。除低流速组以外,平面流中间培育过程对叶绿素a和铵态氮有良好的去除效果,去除率分别达到36.99%和3.88%以上,这表明平面流集约化中间培育在利用海水池塘水体进行苗种中间培育的同时,也起到了池塘养殖水体的净化作用。综合认为,在养殖密度0.5kg/m^2、流速0.163 L/s的培育条件下,可以保证水体自污染程度较低,缢蛏苗种生长较快,成活率在73.12%以上。 相似文献