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1.
半滑舌鳎精子发生的组织学研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
本文应用组织学方法对半滑舌鳎雄鱼精巢结构和精子发生过程进行了详细地研究．观察结果表明，它的精巢结构特点是随着精巢的发育可见它的精巢外面有一条管状贮精囊与输出管相连，在精巢发育成熟过程中，贮精囊中逐渐充满精子，这个特点有助于了解半滑舌鳎的受精生物学的复杂性．另外，从半滑舌鳎精子发生过程分析，它的精巢属于小叶型，精巢发育分为6期．精子发生经历精原细胞、精母细胞、精子细胞及精子．最后，文中还讨论了半滑舌鳎精巢中非生殖细胞（间质细胞和Sertoli细胞）的分布及其可能的生理作用． 相似文献
2.
The reproductive ecology of the mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris was investigated during the spawning season in the Funing Bay, Fujian, China. The fish burrows were basically Y-shaped and had two openings onto the mudflats. Part of the intersection at the center of the burrow was dilated to form a "spawning chamber". The dissolved oxygen concentrations (0.40~0.65 mg/dm3)of water 15 cm deep inside the burrows were much lower than those (5.96~6.19 mg/dm3) of intertidal pool water. Water temperatures inside the burrows were much lower than those of intertidal pools. Field investigations indicated that eggs were laid on the inner wall and ceiling of the spawning chamber by means of filamentous attachments, and a male stayed inside the burrows to guard it. Field investigations also suggested that fish of both sexes constructed mud burrows by themselves but that the spawning chamber was made only in the male burrow. The male attracted a female to his burrow for mating and spawning. There was no water in the spawning chamber, and thus the eggs were exposed to the air in the chamber. Changes in spawning readiness and gonadosomatic index indicated that synchronization of spawning was related to the semi-lunar periodicity, and this is the first report of this relationship in the mudskippers. 相似文献
3.
海马属(Hippocampus)鱼类具有独特的雄性育儿繁殖方式, 其卵巢和精巢结构也极其独特。本研究系统阐明了线纹海马(Hippocampus erectus)的性腺及生殖细胞的发育特征, 根据组织学结构和细胞形态学变化特征, 将线纹海马的精巢和卵巢发育过程均分为6个时期。其中, 卵巢发育方式为不同步成熟型, Ⅰ期卵巢只包含第Ⅰ时相卵母细胞, 包括卵原细胞和早期初级卵母细胞(d<20μm); Ⅱ期卵巢开始出现第Ⅱ时相卵母细胞(d=20~140μm); Ⅲ期卵巢卵母细胞数量显著增多, 体积增大, 并开始出现第Ⅲ时相卵母细胞(d=140~260μm), 此时细胞内开始出现皮质小泡、卵黄颗粒和卵黄膜; Ⅳ期卵巢开始出现第 Ⅳ时相卵母细胞(d=260~1100μm), 卵黄颗粒充满整个细胞质, 形成过渡期的卵黄球; Ⅴ期卵巢出现大量第Ⅴ时相成熟卵母细胞(d=1100~2000μm), 细胞内形成流动性卵黄囊; Ⅵ期卵巢为排卵不久后的卵巢, 卵母细胞数量显著减少。线纹海马精巢属于非限制型小叶精巢, Ⅰ期精巢主要含精原细胞, 核大, 含一到多个核仁; Ⅱ期精巢开始形成精小囊, 囊内出现初级精母细胞; Ⅲ期精巢呈乳白色, 开始出现次级精母细胞; Ⅳ期精巢体积较 Ⅲ期时显著增大, 开始出现精子细胞, 并逐渐移向中央生精腔; Ⅴ期精巢内含大量的成熟精子, 随时准备释放。精子释放后精巢进入Ⅵ期, 残留少量精细胞在生精腔中。组织化学反应结果显示, 氨基酸、蛋白质和脂肪的信号在卵母细胞的细胞质、卵黄囊中呈阳性, 且随着卵母细胞的发育而增强。本研究结果为进一步探索海马属鱼类雄性繁殖策略提供了重要的基础数据。 相似文献
4.
厦门皱瘤海鞘性腺发育的组织学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
皱瘤海鞘雌性同体。性腺组织学观察结果表明，在厦门皱瘤海鞘卵巢和精巢发育和成熟可分为５人时期，在同一人体中，卵巢和精巢的发育不同步，因而不发生自体受精，另外，根据性腺发育的季节性观察，皱瘤海鞘常年都可繁殖，但生殖旺季在６月。 相似文献
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6.
中国枪乌贼性腺成熟度分期的初步研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在枪乌贼整个生命周期的不同性腺发育阶段,生态特性有所差异;弄清这点,对捕捞的关系甚大。我国福建、广东、广西三省所捕捞的中国枪乌贼Loligo chinensis Gray主要是产卵群体;它们在生殖时,群体十分集中,形 相似文献
7.
以光镜和电镜观察了日本蟳精子的形态结构,对雄体贮精囊和雌体纳精囊中的精子结构进行了比较,并研究了pH,盐度对日本蟳精子存活率的影响规律,结果表明:日本蟳精子为非鞭毛型,主要由顶体、核杯、膜复合体和辐射臂等组成,其中顶体呈球形或近球形,可分成头帽、顶体管和顶体囊三部分。核杯包裹整个顶体外围,染色质呈细丝状或颗粒状。辐射臂向精子四周发出,内含核质,没有运动能力。雄体贮精囊中的精子包裹在椭球形精荚中,而雌体纳精囊中的精子呈弥散状,精子顶体管中有囊泡状结构、中心体位置前移、胞质透明区扩大,而且有些精子已崩解。精巢表面pH为6.5±0.2,精液pH为7.0±0.2,精子密度平均为(3.47×109±0.42×109)个/cm3。精子的适宜pH为7～9,最适pH为8;适宜盐度为20～30,最适盐度为25。 相似文献
8.
分析海参低聚肽和海参粉的基本营养成分,研究并比较了海参低聚肽和海参粉对氢化可的松致肾阳虚小鼠的作用。小鼠随机分为空白、阴性、阳性对照组(丙酸睾酮,5mg/kg)、海参低聚肽组(0.5g/kg)和海参粉组(0.5g/kg)。连续灌胃24 d后测定小鼠的体温、体重、自主活动次数和低温游泳时间,以及胸腺、脾脏指数和肾上腺、包皮、精囊、睾丸的指数以及精子浓度。结果显示,与阴性对照组相比,海参粉显著增加肾阳虚小鼠的自由活动次数、低温游泳时间、睾丸指数和精子浓度,具有一定抗疲劳和补肾壮阳作用;海参低聚肽显著增加肾阳虚小鼠的体温、体重、自由活动次数和低温游泳时间,还能显著增加睾丸指数、精囊指数和精子浓度,使其接近阳性对照组和空白对照组的水平,具有显著的抗疲劳和补肾壮阳作用,且海参低聚肽的效果明显好于海参粉。 相似文献
9.
人工管道诱导大弹涂鱼产卵研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
报道了人工制作的陶瓷管道诱导大弹涂鱼Boleophthalmus pectinirostris产卵的研究结果，未经激素催熟的亲鱼放入产卵池内7-12d未见产卵，经一次激素注射催熟的亲鱼放入产卵池内第3天开始酱产卵和受精，入池后5d未能产卵雌鱼的卵母细胞开始退化吸收，雌鱼不仅在管道内产卵，而且也将卵产在管道外，池底和池壁，产卵时间集中在下半夜的02：00-04：00，不同产卵池中管道的产卵率差别很大，卵子粘附在管道不同部位的数量和受精率均不相同，强迫配对的亲鱼虽有产卵，但卵子不受精。 相似文献
10.
J. A. Colman 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1-2):21-43
Spawning grounds and spawning times of the sand flounder, Rhombosolea plebeia (Richardson), and the yellow‐belly flounder, Rhombosolea leporina Gunther, in the Hauraki Gulf are described. The occurrence of female fish at different stages of ovarian development at different stations during the year, the distribution of eggs in the plankton, and changes in ovary weight during the year were used as indicators of spawning grounds and spawning times. The sand flounder was found to spawn in the waters to the east of Waiheke and Ponui Islands, at the northern end of the Firth of Thames, from June to November. Yellow‐belly flounders spawned during September, October, and November, slightly to the south of the sand flounder spawning grounds in a belt extending from Tapu, on the eastern side of the Firth of Thames, north‐westwards towards Ponui Island. Fecundity of both species was approximately proportional to the weight of the fish, or to the length cubed, and less than proportional to the ovary weight. The mean fecundity of sand flounders in the Hauraki Gulf varied from approximately 100,000 eggs in a fish of 18 cm to 500,000 in a 30 cm fish. That of yellow‐belly flounders varied from approximately 250,000 eggs in a fish of 30 cm to 1.25 million in a 45 cm fish. 相似文献
11.
以光镜和电镜观察了日本蟳精子的形态结构,对雄体贮精囊和雌体纳精囊中的精子结构进行了比较,并研究了pH,盐度对日本蟳精子存活率的影响规律,结果表明:日本蟳精子为非鞭毛型,主要由顶体、核杯、膜复合体和辐射臂等组成,其中顶体呈球形或近球形,可分成头帽、顶体管和顶体囊三部分。核杯包裹整个顶体外围,染色质呈细丝状或颗粒状。辐射臂向精子四周发出,内含核质,没有运动能力。雄体贮精囊中的精子包裹在椭球形精荚中,而雌体纳精囊中的精子呈弥散状,精子顶体管中有囊泡状结构、中心体位置前移、胞质透明区扩大,而且有些精子已崩解。精巢表面pH为6.5±0.2,精液pH为7.0±0.2,精子密度平均为(3.47×109±0.42×109)个/cm3。精子的适宜pH为7~9,最适pH为8;适宜盐度为20~30,最适盐度为25。 相似文献
12.
This study was performed in order to assess whether bisphenol (BPA) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) had agonistic or antagonistic effects on oocyte maturation using marine fish. We tested the effects of these chemicals on in vitro maturation, germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), assay using oocytes from the longchin goby, Chasmichthys dolichognathus. During the maturation process, low concentrations of BPA and DES triggered GVBD depending on the stage of oocyte development; BPA at 0.044 nM and DES at 0.037, 0.37, and 3.73 nM induced GVBD in 0.82-0.88 mm diameter oocytes (germinal vesicle located near the center of oocytes). In 0.76-0.80 mm diameter oocytes (fully vitellogenic oocytes), BPA induced GVBD at relatively higher concentrations (4.38, 43.8, and 438 nM). In 0.86-0.90 mm diameter oocytes, BPA and DES had no observable effect on GVBD at the concentrations tested. Oocytes with diameters between 0.82 and 0.88 mm appeared to be more sensitive to these chemicals. Moreover, our results showed that BPA and DES did not inhibit GVBD. 相似文献
13.
为了解日本囊对虾（Marsupenaeusjaponicus）性腺发育及分化的分子机制,本研究采用改良的引物退火控制技术克隆到了共8个精巢、卵巢的差异表达基因．其中4个为已知基因,分别为凝血酶敏感蛋白基因、皮质棒蛋白基因、增殖细胞核抗原基因和泛素缀合酶基因;4个为未知基因,分别命名为MjACP3-T、MjACP4一T、MjACPl5一T和MjACP4一O基因．采用实时定量PCR方法分析了4个未知基因在性腺发育过程的表达谱,结果表明：MjACP3一T、MjACP4．T和MjACPl5,T基因在日本囊对虾精巢和卵巢中的表达量有显著差异,且在各个时期精巢的表达量均高于卵巢,说明这3个基因可能在精巢的发育中起到某些重要作用．卵巢MjACP4一O基因的表达量变化较大,第5期卵巢的相对表达量达到最高（为1．38）,而其他各个阶段的变化较大,在第4期卵巢的相对表达量最低（为0．03）．在精巢中,MjACP4一O基因的表达量随着精巢逐渐发育成熟呈下降趋势．定量PCR结果与引物退火控制技术的结果有着很好的一致性．研究结果表明,引物退火控制技术是一种简单高效的克隆差异表达基因的技术．采用该技术所克隆到的8个精巢、卵巢的差异表达基因,为进一步了解日本囊对虾性腺发育分化的分子机制提供了基础材料． 相似文献
14.
采用慢性实验方法,研究在不同水温条件下饲养性腺发生前的文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri)对其性腺分化和发育的影响。另外,在繁殖季节研究在低温16℃、中温22℃和高温28℃下饲养性成熟的文昌鱼对其产卵和排精的影响。同时,采用免疫组织化学方法对几种生殖相关激素在不同发育期文昌鱼的生殖调控轴(脑-哈氏窝-性腺)中的分布进行免疫识别,并用磁酶免定量测定方法检测睾酮和17 β-雌二醇在文昌鱼性腺中的含量,以分析和探讨水温影响文昌鱼生殖活动的内分泌机制。结果表明:低温有利于文昌鱼性腺向雌性分化,雌雄比例为4.2:1,中温和高温组则不受影响,雌雄数量大致相等。高水温则有利于文昌鱼的精巢发育和生精活动。28℃海水适于文昌鱼的产卵和排精。根据免疫组织化学和磁酶免定量测定的结果分析提示,温度影响文昌鱼性别分化和发育以及繁殖活动的内分泌机制是:首先水温经皮肤或哈氏窝化学感受器,刺激神经系统(脑泡)释放GnRH。然后GnRH促进哈氏窝分泌LH,从而可能刺激性腺产生和分泌性类固醇激素,始动文昌鱼性腺的发育至成熟及其生殖活动。此外,脑中芳香化酶可能介导文昌鱼性别分化。 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):91-101
A progressive increase in mean ovary mass (standardized by the cube offish length) over time was observed in specified length classes of pilchard Sardinops ocellatus sampled from purse-seine catches off the west coast of South Africa. This, in earlier investigations, was considered to have been a density-dependent response following the collapse of the stock in the mid 1960s, and it appeared to result mainly from the increasing frequency of occurrence of pilchard entering the batch-spawning cycle, particularly among fish of 16–20 cm Lc . The possibility that the observed trend was an artifact of changing distribution of fishing or shifting seasonality of spawning relative to the three-month period of sample collection was rejected following analysis of variance on spatially disaggregated data and inspection of seasonal patterns in ovary mass. Other causes of the increase in mean ovary mass could have been density-dependence, declining age structure, changes in the environment and selection for early maturity under prolonged high rates of mortality. The data are critically examined to evaluate the likelihood of each of these explanations. 相似文献
17.
Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) symbiotic with Porifera: a review 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
S. Puce B. Calcinai G. Bavestrello C. Cerrano C. Gravili & F. Boero 《Marine Ecology》2005,26(2):73-81
Many hydroids are symbiotic with other organisms. Sponges, because of their complex canal system and their filter‐feeding activity inducing a continuous water flow, are used by numerous species as either exclusive or facultative substrata. The associated hydroid fauna thriving on or inside sponges shows a wide range of relationships with their hosts. Hydroids may be simply epibiotic on sponges, their stolons running on the host surface. Alternatively, the stolons may grow inside the sponge body, the polyps emerging from the sponge surface, having also the possibility of retraction inside the sponge tissue. Finally, stolons and branches may develop deeply inside the sponge body, producing a skeletal network for sponge growth. This paper reviews the described relationships of hydrozoans symbiotic with sponges and reports new observations. 相似文献
18.
Tokumoto T Ishikawa K Furusawa T Ii S Hachisuka K Tokumoto M Tsai HJ Uchida S Maezawa A 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(3):372-377
Sonolysis and photolysis often exhibit synergistic effects in the degradation of organic molecules. An assay of fish oocyte maturation provides an appropriate experimental system to investigate the hormonal activities of chemical agents. Oocyte maturation in fish is triggered by maturation-inducing hormone (MIH), which acts on receptors on the oocyte surface. A synthetic estrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES), possesses inducing activity of fish oocyte maturation, and a widely used biocide, pentachlorophenol (PCP), exhibits a potent inhibitory effect on fish oocyte maturation. In this study, the effects of the combined treatment by sonolysis with photolysis (sonophotocatalysis) to diminish the hormonal activity of DES and the maturation preventing activity of PCP was examined. By sonophotocatalysis, hormonal activity of DES was completely lost within 30min and the inhibiting activity of PCP was lost within 120min. These results demonstrated that sonophotocatalysis is effective for diminishing the endocrine-disrupting activity of chemical agents. 相似文献
19.
Maximum oocyte size was used to assess seasonal ovarian development in sole. Fish age, especially the adolescent period, appeared to affect the start of vitellogenin-dependent oocyte development in the annual reproductive cycle and the subsequent oocyte growth rate. The majority of oocyte growth occurred between September and March. Several other aspects of ovarian development were also age-dependent, including the increase in ovary condition factor (ovary weight/fish length3) and the size of oocytes commencing nuclear migration. Evidence is presented that in the recruiting year class of sole abortive maturation occurs where oocytes develop yolk but spawning does not take place. The implications of this study on the estimation of female spawning stock biomass are discussed. 相似文献
20.
南美白对虾卵巢结构及发育的组织学研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文采用组织学方法研究南美白对虾的卵巢结构及其发育。结果表明：卵巢由卵巢壁、中央卵管和卵室组成：卵巢壁由外向内分为上皮层、肌层、基膜和分化上皮四部分；中央卵管分化出大量卵原细胞；卵室内含有不同发育阶段的卵母细胞。卵巢发育具有明显的体积与色泽的变化，根据外部形态和内部结构，可将其分为增殖期、小生长期、大生长期早期、将成熟期、成熟期和恢复期六个时期。 相似文献