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铁对肋骨条藻生长,色素化程度及氮同化能力的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
以中肋骨条藻为对象，研究了铁以及铁与氮的交互作用对藻类以素化程度及氮同人能力的影响，结果表明，在３×１０＾－８－－５×１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／ｄｍ＾３浓度范围内，随Ｆｅ的增加，该藻对氮的吸收量增加，同化能力增大，细胞色素化程度降低，胞内氨基酸（ＡＡ）和蛋白质（Ｐｒ）含量升高，细胞生长加快，细胞生长率在Ｆｅ浓度为５×１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／ｄｍ＾３时还达最大，叶绿素ａ和褐色素以及胞内ＡＡＴ和Ｐｒ与铁浓度的对数呈 相似文献
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氮,磷,维生素和微量金属对赤潮生物海洋原甲藻的增殖效应 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
在室内培养实验中观测了赤潮生物海洋原甲藻ＰｒｏｒｏｃｅｎｔｒｕｍｍｉｃａｎｓＥｈｒｅｎｂ对ＮＯ、ＮＨ和甘氨酸的需求。结果表明，硝酸盐的浓度从４０到３００μｍｏｌ／ｄｍ３，氨盐浓度从５０到１５０μｍｏｌ／ｄｍ３，甘氨酸和谷氨酸混合液浓度从４０到８０μｍｏｌ／ｄｍ３皆能较好地维持海洋原甲藻的增殖。磷酸盐起着磷源作用。在ＥＤＴＡ浓度为８０μｍｏｌ／ｄｍ３的培养液中，Ｆｅ３＋的浓度从０，．５到１μｍｏｌ／ｄｍ３，Ｍｎ２＋从０到２０μｍｏｌ／ｄｍ３和Ｃｏ２＋从０．１到０．４μｍｏｌ／ｄｍ３能促使海洋原甲藻的增殖。维生素效应试验表明：维生素Ｂ１是生长促进因子，而维生素Ｂ１２和生物素在光和暗处皆未能促进海洋原甲藻的增殖。无机氮和磷的最小细胞额分别为０．７４×１０－１２ｍｏｌ／细胞和０．０４５×１０－１２ｍｏｌ／细胞，其中磷比氮更能限制海洋原甲藻的增殖。 相似文献
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黄河口磷酸盐缓冲机制的探讨 Ⅲ.磷酸盐交叉缓冲图及“稳定pH范围” 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
于１９９４年５月－１９９５年６月在实验室进行了不同磷到盐浓度、ｐＨ条件下的悬浮物吸附解吸模拟实验,对黄河口磷酸盐的缓冲机制进行了探讨。黄河口悬浮物对磷酸盐的吸附量（解吸量）随磷酸盐浓度的增大而增大（减小）,零平衡时磷酸盐浓度（ＥＰＣ０）值在０．４－１．３αｍｏｌ／ｄｍ＾３之间,且随温度的升高和悬浮物粒度的增大而略有减小。黄河口悬浮物的线性吸附系数（Ｋ）在０．０３－０．４０ｄｍ＾３／ｇ之间,且随温度 相似文献
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本文报告了文昌鱼酸性磷酸酯酶在不同浓度的盐酸胍作用下酶的构象与催化活力变化的关系。盐酸胍浓度在１ｍｏｌ／ｄｍ＾３时，酶活力提高５０％，随着盐酸胍浓度提高（２－４ｍｏｌ／ｄｍ＾３），酶活力下降，荧光强度也下降，荧光发射光谱λｍａｘ值明显红移（３３０－３５８ｎｍ）。测其变性及失活动力学常数，结果表明，酶的失活速度大于变性速度，表现为慢构象变化，快活力变化的一种模式。在盐酸胍３－４ｍｏｌ／ｄｍ＾３时，酶 相似文献
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4种海洋微藻对久效磷的抗性与其抗氧化能力的相关性 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14
于１９９４年８月－１９９５年１２月,动用生态毒理学和生物化学实验方法,选用扁藻、叉鞭金藻、三角褐指藻及盐藻４种海洋微藻为材料进行海洋微藻对效磷的抗性与抗氧化能力相关性的实验。结果表明,久效磷在协迫过程中,微藻细胞内产生了过量的对细胞有伤害作用的活性氧,４种海洋微藻细胞内活性氧清除酶－超氧化物歧化酶的活性高低依次为盐〉三角褐指藻〉叉鞭金藻〉扁藻。比较毒性实验证明：４种海洋微藻对久效磷的基本身抗氧化能 相似文献
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本文提出了在酒石酸盐－乙二胺－高氯酸－亚硫酸钠－高碘酸钾－ＥＤＴＡ体系中同时测定微量锌、锰、硒的极谱催化波，波峰每锐，波形稳定。Ｚｎ＾２＋浓度在０．４－４０μｇ／ｄｍ＾３，Ａｎ＾２＋浓度在１．６－８０μｇ／ｄｍ＾３，Ｓｅ浓度在０．０２－３．０μｇ／ｄｍ＾３内范围内浓度与峰电流呈线性关系。 相似文献
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研究了不同浓度（０．２、０．４、０．６、０．８、１．０μｇ／ｄｍ３）的三苯基氯化锡（ＴＰＴＣ）和三丁基氯化锡（ＴＢＴＣ）在不同温度（１８、２０、２２、２６、２８℃）下，培养不同时间（１２、２４ｈ）对扁藻（Ｐｌａｔｙｍｏｎａｓｓｐ．）和湛江叉鞭金藻（Ｄｉｃｒａｔｅｒｉａｚｈａｎｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ）呼吸作用的影响，指出温度越高，２种有机锡的毒性越大；培养时间不同，２种藻呼吸速率发生不同的变化；扁藻对有机锡的耐受力大于金藻。 相似文献
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锗对几种微藻生长的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据锗对微囊藻、聚球藻和钝顶螺旋藻生长影响的研究表明，锗对藻类生长的影响因种类而异：微囊藻对锗的耐受能力较强，在培养范围内（０￣２５ｍｇ／ｄｍ＾３，ＧｅＯ２），锗对其生长具促进作用；钝顶螺旋藻的正常生长浓度要低于２５ｍｇ／ｄｍ＾３，当锗浓度达２５ｍｇ／ｄｍ＾３时，生长受明显抑制；聚球藻对锗较敏感，锗浓度超过１２．５ｍｇ／ｄｍ＾３时会抑制其生长，甚至起毒害作用。文中还探讨了锗对藻类生长影响与藻细胞所 相似文献
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Sensitive methods for the determination of arsenate and particulate arsenic (PAs), as well as phosphate and particulate phosphorus (PP), in seawater are described. The method for arsenate and phosphate was established by applying automated liquid waveguide spectrophotometry. Because the reaction time for the formation of the arsenate-molybdate complex is longer than that for the phosphate-molybdate complex, a long Teflon tube submerged in a heating bath was installed in the conventional phosphate flow system. The arsenate was quantified as the difference between absorbances of molybdenum blue dyes with (only phosphate) and without (phosphate + arsenate) arsenate reduction treatment. Contamination was observed in the reagent for arsenate reduction and must be corrected. Linear dynamic ranges up to 1000 nM were confirmed for arsenate and phosphate. The detection limits for arsenate and phosphate were 5 and 4 nM, respectively. Freezing was a reliable sample preservation technique for both arsenate and phosphate. The method for PAs and PP was established by combining conventional persulfate oxidation of PP and the automated liquid waveguide spectrophotometry of arsenate and phosphate. The digestion efficiencies of organic As analogs were >93%. Contamination in the glass fiber filter was negligible. Field tests confirmed that the coefficients of variation (CVs) of 10–19 nM arsenate and 4–151 nM phosphate were 7–20 and 1–25%, respectively, while the CVs of 0.9 nM PAs and 10.2 nM PP were 11 and 4%, respectively. 相似文献
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陈贞奋 《海洋学报(英文版)》1982,1(2):282-288
Chaetoceros muelleri is a favorable food for the larvae of shellfishes and other marine animals.At a temperature of 25-30.5℃, light intensity 1,000-1,100 lux, and pH 7.98-8.48, experiments were carried out to find the optimum salinity, phosphate, and nitrate concentration for the growth of this small diatom.The following are the results of the present investigation:(1) The optimum salinity is 25.9‰(17-32.21‰).(2) The suitable phosphate concentration is PO4-P 19.9-139.3 μg-at/1, and the optimum concentration is 99.5 μg-at/1.(3) The suitable nitrate concentration is NO3-N 1,976-7,904 μg-at/1, and the optimum concentration is 5,928 μg-at/1. 相似文献
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重金属、螯合剂以及铁、锰离子对叉边金藻生长的影响及其混合效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用微藻一次培养实验,研究了铜、锌、镉离子,微藻渗出物,螯合剂EDTA对叉边金藻生长的影响。铜、镉,对叉边金藻的毒性较强,锌较弱。螯合剂EDTA对叉边金藻的生长有促进作用。混合实验表明,铁、锰离子,EDTA都能有效地降低铜的毒性;藻渗出物也能在一定程度上缓解铜的毒性;镉、锌对铜的毒性有拮抗效应。此外,通过测定介质和细胞铜的含量,研究了铜在细胞表面的吸附行为,并在铜致毒机理以及其他化学因子的去毒机理方面作了探讨。 相似文献
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三价砷和五价砷对鱼类乙酰胆碱脂酶的体外抑制比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为开展水产品中三价砷的酶法快速检测工作,文中研究了三价砷(As3 + )、五价砷(As5+ )对8种鱼脑中乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的抑制率。结果发现,在10 -7～10 -4mol/L范围内,草鱼和鲫鱼脑中AChE的抑制率与三价砷的浓度负对数值有较好的线性关系,相关系数都在0 .97以上;在10 -6～10 -4mol/L范围内,黑、马鲛、鲈鱼脑中AChE的抑制率与三价砷的浓度负对数值的线性相关系数大于0 .99。对于三价砷,由IC50 得到AChE的敏感性为:美国红鱼>草鱼,鲫,鲈鱼>黑,马鲛>鲤,白鲢。鱼种不同,AChE受到的三价砷、五价砷的抑制作用也不同。在浓度为10 -6～10 -4mol/L范围内,三价砷、五价砷对8种鱼脑中AChE的抑制作用存在极显著差异(p <0 .0 1) ,三价砷对AChE的抑制作用远大于五价砷的抑制作用。 相似文献
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悬浮沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附与释放及藻类对吸附磷的利用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文用1987年12月采自平度县大泽山水库的水样和沉积物样品,实验研究了悬浮沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附与释放以及藻类对悬浮沉积物吸附磷的利用。实验证明,悬浮沉积物对PO_4—P的吸附相当迅速,24小时即趋于饱和;绝对吸附量随水中原有PO_4—P浓度和沉积物含量增加而增加,相对吸附量也随水中原有PO_4—P浓度的增加而增加,但随沉积物含量的增加而减少;悬浮沉积物的吸磷或释磷,取决于沉积物吸附的磷量与水中溶存PO_4—P浓度两者的相对关系,在吸附释放平衡条件下,二者的数量变化呈对数相关。藻类培养结果表明,悬浮沉积物吸附磷能被藻类直接利用。据此,作者提出应当用总活性磷,而不是溶解无机磷作为浅水型内陆水域有效磷的指标。 相似文献
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考察了盐藻在氮浓度3mmol/L和0.59mmol/L两种条件下的生长、氮磷的利用以及色素积累的情况。结果表明氮浓度3mmol/L培养基有利于藻细胞的增值，最终藻体浓度大，稳定期可维持数日；0．59mmol/L培养基有利于细胞胡萝卜素积累，单位细胞胡萝卜素与叶绿素的比值达到12．3，是氮浓度3mmol/L培养基的两倍左右。盐藻细胞在生长初期快速利用氮源，之后即使培养基中仍有较高浓度的氮源，藻细胞也不再利用。两种条件下藻细胞对磷的利用情况相同。两种培养基中盐藻单位细胞叶绿素含量均先增加后减少，胡萝卜素含量均先降低后增加。 相似文献
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胶州湾中砷（Ⅴ）还原初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究胶州湾沉积物对砷（Ⅴ）的还原作用。结果表明：１．随泥水比增大，还原率升高，泥水比为且：１０００时，沉积物对砷（Ⅴ）的还原率为１６％；２．未煮沸的泥－水提取液还原率高于煮沸杀菌泥－水提取液。指示：沉积物有机质在微生物作用下，对砷（Ⅴ）有一定的还原作用。此外，根据胶州湾的调查结果及实验室藻类培养模拟实验结果，分析了胶州湾砷（Ⅲ）产生原因。指出：主要是由于藻类和沉积物、水体有机物的还原作用，两者的还原能力相当，但在不同季节所起的作用不同。 相似文献
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R.J. Morris M.J. McCartney A.G. Howard M.H. Arbab-Zavar J.S. Davis 《Marine Chemistry》1984,14(3):259-265
Dissolved inorganic arsenic and phosphate levels present in an enclosed experimental ecosystem have been studied during the course of a natural spring diatom bloom. Whilst phosphate levels dropped rapidly to almost zero as the bloom developed, arsenic levels remained constant even when arsenate levels exceeded the dissolved phosphate. Certain diatom species (Thalassiosira spp., Chaetoceras spp. and Skeletonema costatum) therefore appear to be capable of discriminating, either by uptake or excretion, between phosphate and arsenate. The implications of such findings are discussed. 相似文献
19.
Anita E Geiszinger Walter Goessler Kevin A Francesconi 《Marine environmental research》2002,53(1):37-50
Arsenic compounds in the marine polychaete Arenicola marina collected from Odense Fjord, Denmark were determined by HPLC-ICPMS. In contrast to most other marine animals, A. marina contained most of its water soluble arsenic as inorganic forms, arsenite (58%) and arsenate (16%), and arsenobetaine was present as a minor constituent (6%) only. Other arsenic compounds detected in A. marina were dimethylarsinate (4%), two arsenosugars (1 and 3%), tetramethylarsonium ion (1.5%), and arsenocholine (<1%). A new arsenobetaine -trimethylarsoniopropionate-previously only reported in fish, was also present at trace levels (<1%), and an unknown anionic arsenical (approximately 10%) remains unidentified. When A. marina was exposed in laboratory experiments to different concentrations of arsenate in seawater (10, 50. 100, 500 and 1000 microg As 1(-1)) the polychaetes accumulated arsenic in a dose dependent. non-linear manner. Most of the accumulated arsenic was biotransformed to arsenite and dimethylarsinate. with the remainder being accumulated as unchanged arsenate. None of the other arsenic compounds naturally present in A. marina increased in concentration following arsenate exposure. 相似文献
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Pulleniatina obliquiloculata shells from 16 core-top samples from the tropical Indo-Pacific Oceans are analyzed for the ratios of boron and cadmium to calcium(B/Ca and Cd/Ca). The B/Ca ratios show a very weak positive relationship with [B(OH)_4~-] and the dissolved carbonate species at the apparent calcification depth of P.obliquiloculata. The boron partition coefficients(K_D) between P. obliquiloculata B/Ca and seawater[B(OH)_4~-]/[HCO_3~-] distribute around 1.1×10~(-3)-1.3×10~(-3) with a mean value of(1.19±0.12)×10~(-3),and are significantly related to the nutrient concentration, especially phosphate. The lack of any clear correlation between the P. obliquiloculata B/Ca and seawater carbonate chemical parameters suggests that the physiochemical controls on boron incorporation are masked by the complexity of natural seawater condition. But the significant dependence of Ku on nutrient may likely be explained by a nutrient related growth-rate effect. Cd/Ca of P.obliquiloculata shows significant correlation with seawater phosphate concentration, and its partition coefficients(D_(cd)) are significantly related to temperature. A first-principle methodology of P. obliquiloculata B/Ca is applied;with the aid of Cd/Ca as a phosphate proxy and a constraint on K_D, to estimating sea water carbonate chemistry(e.g., pH). The results are fairly promising and allow us to propose the possibility to apply the combination of B/Ca and Cd/Ca proxies(and also Mg/Ca and δ~(18)O for estimating temperature and salinity) for the paleoreconstruction of seawater carbonate chemistry. 相似文献