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1.
黄海鱼类食物网的研究 总被引：80，自引：1，他引：80
于1985年3月—1986年10月和1988年5月间,对黄海海域40科69属80种鱼的食性及其相互关系进行了较系统地调查、分析。结果表明:1.黄海鱼类饵料分为4个生态类型;2.黄海鱼类摄食有明显的季节变化;3.黄海鱼类基本属于第二—第四营养级;4.日本鳀、脊尾褐虾、太平洋磷虾等优势饵料生物在黄海鱼类食物网中起着举足轻重的作用;5.黄海多数鱼类间的食物竞争关系基本是协调的。 相似文献
2.
渤海鲈鱼食物组成与摄食习性的研究 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
对渤海３５３尾鲈鱼的胃含物样品进行了分析，得出如下结论：（１）鲈鱼为游泳动物食性的鱼类，游泳动物占其胃含物总重量的６３．５８％；（２）主要摄食鱼类，甲壳类，其饵料种类主要包括口虾蛄，Ｔｉ鱼，凤鲚，黄鲫等；（３）食物组成与摄食习性呈现明显的月变化；（４）幼鲈主要摄食小型鱼类，甲壳类及其幼体，在相应月份里，与成鲈的食物组成相似程度很小。 相似文献
3.
黄河口黄盖鲽的食性及摄食的季节性变化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
923尾黄河口黄盖鲽Pseudo pleuronectes yokohamae(Gunther)成鱼的胃含物分析结果表明,黄盖鲽系广食性、底栖生物食性,主要摄食多毛类、软体动物类、棘皮动物类、甲壳类及腔肠动物类50余种食物,它终年摄食,仅在产卵期间稍有减弱,其食物类群及种类组成均有明显的季节性变化,表明鱼类的摄食与食物保障密切相关. 相似文献
4.
毛颚类是热带近岸海域中上层鱼类的食物来源, 同时又是重要的肉食性浮游动物, 数量丰富, 然而其维持种群结构的生存策略尚不清晰。本文运用分子生物学技术, 分析了三亚湾海域毛颚类优势种肥胖软箭虫(Flaccisagitta enflata)成体与幼体的肠道食物组成, 以期从食物资源利用的角度揭示其维持种群结构的营养策略。研究结果显示, 幼体和成体摄食的浮游生物种类分别为21种和19种, 共同的食物类群有桡足类、小型水母类、硅藻和多毛类。成体与幼体食物偏好差异显著, 成体主要的食物来源是小型水母类(59%), 而幼体主要的食物来源是桡足类(60%); 幼体营养生态位(5.16)高于成体(2.89), 且二者食物重叠度低(0.21), 表明成体与幼体食物分化明显。研究结果揭示, 即使成体与幼体大量共存, 它们也可以通过摄食分化避免食物资源竞争, 这种分配策略对毛颚类保证足够幼体存活率和维持种群数量具有重要意义。 相似文献
5.
长江口鱼类食物网与营养结构的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
鱼类食物网是海洋生态系统中物质循环与能量流动的重要途径,营养结构则是表明能量流动过程中不同消费者的营养水平以及消费者之间的营养关系,二者对研究海洋生态系统中鱼类捕食与被捕食、种间竞争、种群调节以及数量变动等都具有重要意义。但国内、外关于长江口鱼类食物网及营养结构的研究尚未见详细报道。
为探讨三峡工程对河口生态系统的影响,中国科学院海洋研究所于1985年9月至1986年8月对长江口及邻近海域进行了周年综合性本底调查,并对长江口鱼类食物类型作了简单的描述(刘瑞玉、罗秉征等,1987),本文根据以上资料对长江口60种主要鱼类的食物组成、摄食生态类型、食物网与营养结构进行了分析,以期为研究长江口生态系统的功能、生物生产过程以及合理开发利用长江口渔业资源提供科学依据。 相似文献
6.
秋季黄海中南部鱼类群落对饵料生物的摄食量 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
研究鱼类与饵料生物之间食物定量关系进而为多鱼种资源评估提供依据,2000~2002年秋季(10~11月)在黄海中南部海域进行了定点底拖网调查,应用Eggers模型,计算了带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)、小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)、黄(Lophius litulon)、细纹狮子鱼(Liparis tanakae)等23种鱼类在秋季对饵料生物的摄食量。结果表明:黄海中南部23种鱼类在秋季对饵料生物的总摄食量约为309万t,其中,鱼(Engraulis japonicus)的摄食量最高(在250万t以上),占总摄食量的80.9%。中上层和底层鱼类对饵料生物的摄食量分别为262万t和47万t左右,占总摄食量的84.7%和15.3%,鱼和细纹狮子鱼分别是中上层和底层鱼类中最主要的捕食者。磷虾类是中上层鱼类最主要的食物来源,其次是桡足类、端足类和毛颚类;虾类和鱼类是底层鱼类最主要的食物来源,其次是磷虾类。太平洋磷虾(Euphausia pacifica)、中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、细长脚虫戎(Themisto gracilipes)、脊腹褐虾(Crangon affinis)和鱼同时是黄海中南部被摄食量最高的5种饵料生物,它们被摄食的生物量之和约为233万t,占总摄食量的75.5%。 相似文献
7.
鲸具胎生、哺乳、用肺呼吸、体温恒定等典型哺乳动物的特征，由于终生生活在水中，体型庞大。要保持正常的体温和代谢活动。必须消耗大量食物来补充能量。因此，了解鲸的食性、摄食方式及其与渔业的关系就显得十分重要。按摄食方式的不同将须鲸划为过滤型，齿鲸为捕食型；按食物组成和摄食方法的不同，将齿鲸又分成三大类型：食乌贼型、食肉型和食鱼型；须鲸则为食浮游生物型。同时探讨了鲸类造成渔业的损失：直接摄食、毁坏渔具、妨碍作业、争食渔网内的渔获物、驱散鱼群造成鱼捕捞量降低等。渔业对鲸类的主要影响表现为：误捕、食物短缺和噪音等． 相似文献
8.
渤海中华哲水蚤摄食的初步研究 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
于１９９２年８月－１９９３年６月期间，在渤海进行渔业资源增殖生态基础调查， 型浮游生物网采取浮游动物样品，从中取出４００个消化道内含有食物的中华水蚤标本。分析结果表明：中华哲水蚤营浮游植物食性，主要摄食硅藻类、辐射圆筛藻、偏心圆筛藻，未查明的圆筛藻和星脐圆筛藻是它的主要摄食对象。合计占８９．２％；此外，也摄食很少量的甲藻类，金藻类和纤毛虫类，它在渤海所摄食的食物类群，季节变化不大，食物类九更替率各 相似文献
9.
真鲷早期仔鱼食性转变研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文研究了真鲷（Ｐａｇｒｏｓｏｍｕｓ ｍａｊｏｒ）早期仔鱼的食性和食性转变。定量摄食实验研究发现,早期仔鱼的食性随其生长发育而发生明显的变化,真鲷虽为近海暖水性底层肉食性经济鱼类,但其前期仔鱼可摄食一些浮藻类（小球藻和螺旋藻）。最大摄食率Ｉ「ｕｇ／（ｉｎｄ．ｈ）」随仔鱼的发育（４～７日龄）和食物种类而发生变化;对小球藻、螺旋藻,轮虫的最大Ｉ分别为１．４５～１．４２、０．４９～１．３９和１．４６～２．５１;早期仔鱼虽可摄食藻类,但仍以肉食性为主。在动物和植物混合食物（轮虫－小球藻、轮虫－螺旋藻）中,真鲷早期仔鱼存在食性转变,这对它的生存适应具有重要的生态意义。 相似文献
10.
中国对虾摄食行为的化学感觉生理学研究──Ⅲ.中国对虾幼体及早期仔虾的摄食行为及化学感觉 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
报道了中国对虾幼体及早期仔虾（１）对轮虫（活体，死体）和卤虫无节幼体（活体，死体）的摄食过程及摄食率；（２）对悬浮砂粒的摄食情况；（３）摄食水流的产生机制，方向及模式；（４）对食物的化学敏感性，结果表明，中国对虾幼体及早期仔虾化学感觉机能不明显，摄食附肢的协调运动产生摄食水流，摄食水流一方面将食物带到口器附近，另一方面能促进对虾对食物的机械感觉。摄食水流的方向还可以逆转。幼体及早期仔虾对食物的选择 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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18.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
19.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
20.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献