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通过室内模拟实验研究了金潮原因种铜藻(Sargassumhorneri)的腐烂液和培养液对绿潮原因种浒苔(Ulvaprolifera)微观繁殖体萌发和幼苗生长以及五种赤潮原因种——中肋骨条藻(Skeletonemacostatum)、链状亚历山大藻(Alexandriumcatenella)、东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)、米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)和赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)生长的影响。研究发现:低浓度铜藻腐烂液(10g/L)对浒苔微观繁殖体萌发和幼苗的生长以及五种赤潮微藻的生长影响效应不显著;中等浓度铜藻腐烂液(20g/L)对浒苔微观繁殖体萌发具有抑制作用,抑制率13.3%,而对浒苔幼苗有一定的促生作用,对米氏凯伦藻的生长抑制率在第12d能达到90.4%,对其他四种赤潮微藻的抑制作用并不显著;高浓度铜藻腐烂液(40g/L)对浒苔微观繁殖体萌发的抑制率为45.8%,对浒苔幼苗的生长具有抑制作用,对米氏凯伦藻具有致死效应,对东海原甲藻的抑制率在第12d为65.9%,对其他三种赤潮微藻的生长均有抑制作用,但并不显著,其中赤潮异弯藻受到的抑制作用最小。低浓度铜藻培养液(5g/L)对浒苔微观繁殖体萌发的抑制率为22.8%,对浒苔幼苗的生长表现出一定的促进作用,对米氏凯伦藻生长的抑制率在第12d能够达到40.5%,对其他四种赤潮微藻生长的抑制作用不显著;而高浓度铜藻培养液(10g/L)对浒苔微观繁殖体萌发的抑制率为29.6%,对浒苔幼苗生长的抑制率为22.2%,对米氏凯伦藻生长的抑制率在第12d为92.9%,对其他四种赤潮微藻生长均有一定的抑制作用,但不显著,且赤潮异弯藻受到抑制作用最小。可见,铜藻腐烂液和培养液均会对浒苔微观繁殖体萌发和幼苗生长以及五种赤潮微藻的生长造成影响,且影响程度与浓度相关,五种赤潮微藻生长受到的影响与藻种有关。以上结果表明,金潮原因种对绿潮和赤潮原因种的生长有一定的影响,金潮的暴发和衰亡过程也会对绿潮和赤潮的发生产生一定的影响。 相似文献
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在添加浒苔和紫菜干体的条件下,通过测定藻细胞数量,观察藻细胞形态,分析海藻干体对米氏凯伦藻、中肋骨条藻和塔玛亚历山大藻的半抑制和完全抑制浓度以及半抑制和完全抑制浓度有效作用的起始藻细胞数量范围,研究了浒苔和紫菜干体对3种赤潮微藻生长的影响.在此基础上,设定海藻干体的添加量为其完全抑制浓度,通过监测微藻培养液中总氮(硝酸态氮、氨态氮和亚硝酸态氮)和总磷等变化,分析海藻干体添加对培养液营养化程度的影响.结果表明:(1)当浒苔和紫菜干体浓度分别大于0.8 g/L 和1.0 g/L 时,海藻干体能显著抑制3种赤潮微藻的生长,它们对赤潮微藻的生长抑制率超过60%(第12 d).(2)浒苔和紫菜干体对3种实验微藻的半抑制浓度(IC50)接近,在0.71~1.22 g/L 之间;但完全抑制浓度(IC10)差别较大,浒苔干体对3种赤潮微藻的完全抑制浓度在2.4~2.8 g/L 范围,其数值约为紫菜干体对它们的完全抑制浓度的2倍.(3)3种赤潮微藻起始藻细胞数量不超过40伊104·mL-1(对于米氏凯伦藻和中肋骨条藻来说,起始藻细胞数量可增大至60伊104·mL-1),海藻干体对3种实验微藻的半抑制浓度和完全抑制浓度均有效.(4)添加海藻干体的实验组培养液中总氮和总磷含量均明显高于对照培养液中总氮和总磷含量.其中,实验组培养液中总氮浓度为382滋g/L,总磷浓度明显低于100滋g/L.综上所述,浒苔和紫菜干体具有强烈的抑藻作用,且不会造成培养液营养加剧现象,可尝试应用于赤潮微藻的控制与治理中. 相似文献
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福建沿岸海域主要赤潮生物的生态学特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
福建沿岸海域是中国的赤潮多发海区之一.据统计,1962～2008年间,福建沿岸海域共发生赤潮180起以上,潜在的赤潮生物有124种,已经引发过赤潮的种类有27种.本文对中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）、角毛藻（Chaetocerosspp.）、夜光藻（Noctiluca scintillans）、东海原甲藻（Proro-centrum donghaiense）、米氏凯伦藻（Karenia mikimotoi）、裸甲藻（Gymnodinium spp.）和球形棕囊藻（Phaeocystis globosa）等福建沿岸海域主要赤潮生物的生态学特征和发生原因进行了分析和探讨,评述了福建沿岸海域赤潮发生的特点.福建沿岸海域引发赤潮频率最高的赤潮生物是夜光藻,米氏凯伦藻造成的水产养殖损失最大.其赤潮多发季节在春夏季的4～7月.其赤潮多发区主要分布在3个区域：宁德沿岸海域（以四礵列岛为中心）、厦门西港海域和平潭沿岸海域.对福建沿岸海域几种主要赤潮生物的研究表明,赤潮的发生与水温、盐度、气象、水动力、营养盐等环境条件密切相关. 相似文献
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<正>在人类活动和气候变化共同影响下,我国近海的赤潮问题呈现出致灾危害加剧、致灾藻种增多的变化趋势。例如2012年,福建近海暴发有毒米氏凯伦藻(Kareniamikimotoi)赤潮,造成大量皱纹盘鲍死亡,经济损失超20亿元; 2016年,秦皇岛近海发生因有毒赤潮引起的中毒事件,导致消费者死亡。特别值得注意的是, 2015年广西近海暴发球形棕囊藻赤潮,堵塞滨海核电冷源系统,为国内外首例。赤潮灾害已成为威胁滨海核电冷源安全的新隐患,引起国家领导人及相关部门的高度关注。综观我国近海赤潮问题所带来的危害效应,有两类致灾赤潮最令人关注:一类影响核电冷源安全;另一类危害养殖业发展与人类健康。前者以球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)赤潮为代表,后者以米氏凯伦藻等有毒赤 相似文献
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凯伦藻属种类广布于世界沿海海域甚至大洋，属广域分布种。该属下多个种类曾在全球近岸海域暴发有毒有害赤潮，造成巨大的经济损失，其中不乏由多种凯伦藻同时混合形成赤潮的现象存在。在2016年香港海域的一次凯伦藻赤潮中，本团队从赤潮海水中分离出了米氏凯伦藻（Karenia mikimotoi）、长沟凯伦藻（K.longicanalis）、鞍形凯伦藻（K.selliformis）和蝶形凯伦藻（K.papilionacea）4种凯伦藻。本研究以此4种凯伦藻进行单种藻及多种藻混合样品的培养和溶血活性研究，以探究复合型凯伦藻的种间作用及溶血活性。结果表明，4种凯伦藻间存在种间相互作用，长沟凯伦藻会促进蝶形凯伦藻的生长，鞍形凯伦藻和米氏凯伦藻会抑制长沟凯伦藻生长。4种凯伦藻对兔血红细胞均有明显溶血活性，长沟凯伦藻溶血活性最强为46.36%±1.02%。每种凯伦藻与其他凯伦藻混合培养3天后，对兔血的溶血活性会明显增加，其中含4种凯伦藻的混合组溶血活性最高，为57.05%±1.13%。 相似文献
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大型海藻龙须菜与锥状斯氏藻间的营养竞争研究 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
利用生物和化学方法研究了大型海藻龙须菜（Gracilaria lemaneiformis）与赤潮生物锥状斯氏藻（Scrippsiella trochoidea （Stein） Loeblich Ⅲ）共培养时二者的生长情况,以及二者之间营养盐NO-3、PO3-4竞争的情况.结果显示,两者共培养时,由于龙须菜的影响,锥状斯氏藻的生长周期以及所能达到的最大细胞密度与对照组相比都有所下降,且受抑制程度随龙须菜起始密度的增大而增强;而锥状斯氏藻对于龙须菜的生长不构成明显的影响.当龙须菜起始密度较低时（0.2、0.1gFW/L）,共培养组微藻细胞密度的下降是因为水体中NO-3的耗尽;当龙须菜起始密度较高时（0.5gFW/L）,共培养组微藻细胞密度的下降可能是因为龙须菜与微藻之间的“互荫效应”,或者龙须菜能够分泌出足够浓度的克生物质所致.龙须菜可作为有效吸收营养盐的大型海藻,用以降低近海水域富营养化程度及有害赤潮发生的几率. 相似文献
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近岸海域营养物质普遍充足，因此水文气象过程往往成为赤潮暴发最重要的控制因素。基于福建海洋预报台提供的模式数据，通过对比分析2011-2013年3-5月福建近岸的温度、盐度、环流和上升流结构，阐述了2012年春季福建近岸米氏凯伦藻赤潮暴发的特殊水文结构特征，并通过经验正交函数（empirical orthogonal function，EOF）分析方法探讨了此次赤潮暴发的主要水文原因。结果表明：（1）与其他年份相比，2012年3月福建近岸浙闽沿岸流偏强，海温偏低，不利于东海原甲藻的生长。（2）3月下旬福建近岸温度较其他年份升高迅速，与台湾暖流强度变化有关。（3）3月底-5月18日赤潮暴发前，福建近岸海域整体偏暖，持续的东北风带来稳定的水体向岸流动，水平和垂向上各项要素变化较弱，为米氏凯伦藻赤潮暴发提供了稳定、适宜的环境条件。（4）5月18日赤潮暴发后一周内，赤潮优势种由东海原甲藻转变为米氏凯伦藻以及米氏凯伦藻赤潮整体稍向东迁移的过程，与近岸水温上升至24℃，且东北风转为西南风引起较弱的水体离岸流动有一定关联性。 相似文献
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利用环介导恒温扩增（LAMP）技术成功检测了米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)基因，并对其反应程序和反应体系进行了优化，建立起一种简单快速的微藻检测技术。利用本实验优化体系对米氏凯伦藻进行了LAMP扩增，得到了理想的扩增产物，同时以其他8种藻类为阴性对照实验，只有米氏凯伦藻为特异性扩增，其他藻类均呈现阴性反应。另外，对扩增终产物进一步进行酶切分析，并与以F3和B3为引物PCR扩增的片段相比较，均与预期结果相吻合。采用2种方法进行阳性反应检测，一是阳性反应管内可见白色焦磷酸镁沉淀，二是LAMP产物与SYBR Green I反应呈现绿色。这种技术简单快速，有望应用到赤潮藻类的现场检测，在赤潮的预测预报中发挥强大作用。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献