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以别林斯高晋海陆缘地质环境、天然气水合物存在标志如BSR为线索,认为南极半岛别林斯高晋海陆隆上快速堆积体具有天然气水合物成藏的良好环境。根据ODP太平洋钻探计划178航次的钻孔、地震剖面等数据,从沉积、气源、热流场、成藏关键时间分析研究区域含天然气水合物的成藏条件,通过研究区天然气水合物综合异常图及综合成藏系统表,预测南极半岛别林斯高晋海陆缘天然气水合物成藏区域在陆隆快速堆积体7上,研究区的天然气水合物可能成藏的区域在地层单元I和II,年龄应是全新世到上新世晚期(0～2.1Ma)。运用体积法对其天然气水合物资源量进行计算,预测资源量较大,为今后南极区域天然气水合物的调查研究提供参考。 相似文献
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中国海域天然气水合物资源远景 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
南海东北部活动陆缘和北部被动陆缘以及东海冲绳海槽南部具有形成天然气水合物的良好成矿条件。从水深来看，上述3个有代表性的地区最小水深都在300m以上，有利于水合物的稳定存在；从沉积厚度和沉积速率来看，上述3个地区新生代地层厚度一般都在3000～6000m，有利于提供水合物形成所需的充足气源；从地球物理、地球化学等调查结果来看，上述3个地区普遍存在重要的地球标志——似海底反射BSR等，以及重要的地球化学标志——底水甲烷异常、孔隙水氯异常等。通过对上述海区的区域地质条件、地球物理和地球化学异常的综合分析认为，上述3个地区可能更适宜水合物的形成和聚集，因而可能会有很好的远景。 相似文献
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天然气水合物是由水和具有低质量分子的烃(主要为甲烷)构成的冰状结晶固体，形成于高压、低温环境中并主要发现于两类不同的区域：外部陆缘和永久冻土带。印度次大陆在东西部陆缘均拥有广阔的近岸带。由国家海洋研究所、Goa和国家地球物理研究所、Hyderabad及其它几个部门所开展的先期研究表明本区具有形成天然气水合物的有利环境。发现的天然气水合物位于海底沉积物中几百米的范围内，在大陆边缘及其邻近区的水深超过500m(以保持天然气水合物的温压条件)，在聚集陆缘带尤其如此。 相似文献
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《热带海洋学报》2017,(6)
印度国家天然气水合物计划(NGHP)先后实施了两次钻探,发现了高富集度的裂隙充填型水合物和砂岩储层水合物,确定了未来水合物开采的优先地区。NGHP钻探的成功建立在丰富的基础地质调查和地球物理研究基础上。文章对印度东部大陆边缘的天然气水合物储层地球物理研究工作进行了较全面的总结,分析了相关研究工作的思路和前景,获得了几点思考和认识,希望可以为水合物储层的地球物理研究提供参考借鉴。一是似海底反射和强反射振幅等流体活动标志是识别高富集度水合物的有力指示;二是提出了水合物储层地球物理研究应该重点关注的几个方向,包括:全波形反演的应用、各向异性电阻率探测、可控源电磁勘探以及基于地震测井数据的水合物饱和度估算方法等。 相似文献
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南设得兰陆缘属于典型的活动型大陆边缘,沟-增生楔-弧前盆地序列发育,具备天然气水合物发育的有利地质构造背景。该区已有的调查资料显示出天然气水合物存在的显著标志——BSR和极性反转特征(或者称为基底反射波,BGR)。研究结果表明,南设得兰陆缘具备形成水合物的充足的气源、适宜的稳定域条件、有利于天然气水合物形成与聚集的沉积体系和特殊地质构造环境,推断南设得兰陆缘以构造型水合物成矿地质模式为主,并以增生楔内甲烷随流体向上迁移形成水合物的模式最为重要。 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(5)
孔隙水地球化学异常是天然气水合物勘探的重要工具之一,南海北部陆坡地区拥有良好的天然气水合物成藏潜力,孔隙水地球化学异常在南海的天然气水合物勘探中发挥了重要作用。其中与水合物直接相关的氯离子含量异常被用于识别神狐及东沙海域钻探区的水合物层和计算水合物饱和度。除直接指标外,浅表层沉积物中的硫酸盐含量及其他与早期成岩作用有关的地球化学异常作为间接指标可用于水合物的找矿预测,研究者们通过对硫酸盐还原过程的判别、硫酸盐甲烷接触界面的计算等方面对南海北部陆坡不同海域的沉积物甲烷通量进行了评估,预测出水合物可能的成藏区域。其他如碘含量、氧化还原敏感元素、氯同位素、地球化学模型等新的地球化学指标和计算机手段也被应用于南海北部陆坡区水合物成藏研究并取得了不错的成效。 相似文献
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南海北部陆缘位于特提斯与古太平洋两大构造域的叠合部位,构造特征十分复杂,其构造属性一直是国内外学者争论的焦点,从主动陆缘到被动陆缘,火山型被动陆缘到非火山型被动陆缘等均有表述。南海复杂的形成机制以及东、西部构造差异性所引起的地球物理、岩浆活动等认识的异同,是造成南海北部陆缘构造属性认识差异的主要原因。通过与全球典型地区的比较研究,进一步加强对南海形成演化过程分析,开展大洋钻探与多学科综合分析,揭示南海海盆的多期扩张与多盆张裂特征,是认识南海北部陆缘构造属性的关键。探讨了南海三叉裂谷张裂模式,初步认为南海第1次扩张具有非火山型被动陆缘性质,第2次扩张具有火山型陆缘性质。 相似文献
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南海北部陆坡区具备天然气水合物形成聚集的地质条件,神狐海域的海底沉积层温度和压力条件符合水合物成藏的要求;源岩生烃潜力巨大且烃类运移条件良好,可以为水合物成藏提供充足的气源和通畅的运移通道。然而,钻探结果揭示了神狐海域天然气水合物在相似地质背景地区聚集分布的差异性,其机理及控制因素并不清楚。基于研究区8口钻探井的成藏地质条件,综合对比分析了成功获取及未获取水合物站位处的地震、测井、钻井、地球化学等数据,并以此探究南海北部神狐地区天然气水合物分布不均匀性的控制和影响因素。 相似文献
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印度国家天然气水合物计划(NGHP-01)于2006年在克里希纳—戈达瓦里河(KG)盆地、曼哈纳迪盆地、安德曼海盆地、喀拉拉—康坎(KK)盆地实施,除KK盆地外均获得了水合物样品。为了探讨上述4个盆地天然气水合物的主控因素,较全面地收集、整理、比较了各个盆地的沉积背景、沉积速率、沉积物厚度、总有机碳(TOC)含量以及水合物钻探情况,发现KG盆地沉积物厚度最大,有机质含量最高,同时水合物饱和度较大,而KK盆地沉积物厚度最小、有机质含量最低,未钻获水合物样品,曼哈纳迪盆地和安德曼海盆地的沉积物厚度、有机质含量及水合物饱和度介于中间。结合我国南海水合物的钻探实际,可以认为沉积物厚度和有机质含量对印度专属经济区天然气水合物具有重要的控制作用。 相似文献
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We have obtained improved images of a debris flow deposit through the reprocessing of multichannel seismic reflection data
between Drifts 6 and 7 of the continental rise of the Pacific margin of the Antarctic Peninsula. The reprocessing, primarily
aimed at the reduction of noise, relative to amplitude preservation, deconvolution, also included accurate velocity analyses.
The deposit is dated as upper Pliocene (nearly 3.0 Ma) via correlation to Sites 1095 and 1096 of the Ocean Drilling Program
(ODP) Leg 178. The estimated volume is about 1800 km3 and the inferred provenance from the continental slope implies a run out distance exceeding 250 km. The dramatic mass-wasting
event that produced this deposit, unique in the sedimentary history of this margin, is related to widespread late Pliocene
margin erosion. This was associated with a catastrophic continental margin collapse, following the Antarctic ice sheet expansion
in response to global cooling. The seismic data analysis also allowed us to identify diffractions and amplitude anomalies
interpreted as expressions of sedimentary mounds at the seafloor overlying narrow high-velocity zones that we interpret as
conduits of fluid expulsion hosting either methane hydrates or authigenic carbonates. Fluid expulsion was triggered by loading
of underlying sediments by the debris flow deposits and may have continued until today by input of fluids from sediment compaction
following the deep diagenesis of biogenic silica. 相似文献
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Keith A. Kvenvolden 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》1985,2(1):65-71
Two sites of the Deep Sea Drilling Project in contrasting geologic settings provide a basis for comparison of the geochemical conditions associated with marine gas hydrates in continental margin sediments. Site 533 is located at 3191 m water depth on a spit-like extension of the continental rise on a passive margin in the Atlantic Ocean. Site 568, at 2031 m water depth, is in upper slope sediment of an active accretionary margin in the Pacific Ocean. Both sites are characterized by high rates of sedimentation, and the organic carbon contents of these sediments generally exceed 0.5%. Anomalous seismic reflections that transgress sedimentary structures and parallel the seafloor, suggested the presence of gas hydrates at both sites, and, during coring, small samples of gas hydrate were recovered at subbottom depths of 238m (Site 533) and 404 m (Site 568). The principal gaseous components of the gas hydrates wer methane, ethane, and CO2. Residual methane in sediments at both sites usually exceeded 10 mll?1 of wet sediment. Carbon isotopic compositions of methane, CO2, and ΣCO2 followed parallel trends with depth, suggesting that methane formed mainly as a result of biological reduction of oxidized carbon. Salinity of pore waters decreased with depth, a likely result of gas hydrate formation. These geochemical characteristics define some of the conditions associated with the occurrence of gas hydrates formed by in situ processes in continental margin sediments. 相似文献
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Multichannel seismic reflection data from the continental margin of western India suggest the potential presence of fluid
expulsion features, which may or may not be associated with gas hydrates. No typical bottom simulating reflector was observed
on the reflection seismic section. As a result we look for other evidence in seismic sections in a small corridor of the western
continental margin of India in order to establish the presence of gas hydrates. We study features including venting through
the seafloor, pockmarks, sea floor collapse, faults acting as migration paths for fluid flow, transparent gas-charged sediment,
reduction in amplitude strength, diapirism and mud-volcano. Presence of all these gas-escape features on a seismic section
implies the probable presence of methane within the zone of hydrate stability field. 相似文献
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Gas hydrates along continental margins are commonly inferred from the presence of bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) on reflection seismic records. Shale and mud diapirs are often observed in the proximity of BSR-inferred gas hydrates. Analysis of data from documented gas-hydrate occurrences suggests that the areas where mud volcanoes exist on the seafloor are promising locations for sediments with high gas-hydrate concentration. Along the western continental margin of India (WCMI), we have identified several anomalous reflections on single-channel, analogue seismic records in the proximity of BSRs, from which the presence of gas-charged sediments and gas seepages was inferred. These features characterize both the shelf-slope region of the WCMI and the adjoining deep-sea areas. The seismic records also reveal mud/shale diapiric activity and pockmarks near the gas hydrates. 相似文献
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以墨西哥湾西北部陆坡区为研究区,利用NOAA/AVHRR热红外影像,通过分析1999年Central Mexico 7.0级地震、1999年Oaxaco 7.5级地震和2003年Colima 7.6级地震3次地震期间与墨西哥湾西北部陆坡区海底天然气水合物藏区对应的海表面上方卫星热红外亮温异常的变化,研究了卫星热红外亮温异常与深水海域天然气水合物藏区分布的关系.研究发现,与墨西哥湾西北部陆坡区海底天然气水合物藏区对应的海表面上方,临震前频繁出现孤立的、带状的、强度较大的卫星热红外亮温异常,该研究结果表明,同次和多次地震临震前,该地区频繁出现孤立、带状、强度较大的卫星热红外亮温异常可能与海底蕴藏着天然气水合物藏有关. 相似文献
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本文综合国外有关资料,介绍了70年代以来南极大陆边缘地球物理调查、尤其是多道反射地震调查,深海钻探,地震地层研究,以及面积大、赋有油气远景的两个海区——威德尔海和罗斯海研究的进展情况。 相似文献
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In this study we provide evidence for methane hydrates in the Taranaki Basin, occurring a considerable distance from New Zealand's convergent margins, where they are well documented. We describe and reconstruct a unique example of gas migration and leakage at the edge of the continental shelf, linking shallow gas hydrate occurrence to a deeper petroleum system. The Taranaki Basin is a well investigated petroleum province with numerous fields producing oil and gas. Industry standard seismic reflection data show amplitude anomalies that are here interpreted as discontinuous BSRs, locally mimicking the channelized sea-floor and pinching out up-slope. Strong reverse polarity anomalies indicate the presence of gas pockets and gas-charged sediments. PetroMod™ petroleum systems modelling predicts that the gas is sourced from elevated microbial gas generation in the thick slope sediment succession with additional migration of thermogenic gas from buried Cretaceous petroleum source rocks. Cretaceous–Paleogene extensional faults underneath the present-day slope are interpreted to provide pathways for focussed gas migration and leakage, which may explain two dry petroleum wells drilled at the Taranaki shelf margin. PetroMod™ modelling predicts concentrated gas hydrate formation on the Taranaki continental slope consistent with the anomalies observed in the seismic data. We propose that a semi-continuous hydrate layer is present in the down-dip wall of incised canyons. Canyon incision is interpreted to cause the base of gas hydrate stability to bulge downward and thereby trap gas migrating up-slope in permeable beds due to the permeability decrease caused by hydrate formation in the pore space. Elsewhere, hydrate occurrence is likely patchy and may be controlled by focussed leakage of thermogenic gas. The proposed presence of hydrates in slope sediments in Taranaki Basin likely affects the stability of the Taranaki shelf margin. While hydrate presence can be a drilling hazard for oil and gas exploration, the proposed presence of gas hydrates opens up a new frontier for exploration of hydrates as an energy source. 相似文献
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Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand Dieter K. Fütterer Hannes Grobe Thomas Frederichs 《Geo-Marine Letters》2002,22(2):51-59
Records of glaciomarine deposition recovered from the West Antarctic continental margin in the Amundsen Sea allow the reconstruction of the behaviour of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) in response to the natural climatic changes of the last 1.8 million years. Contents of gravel-sized and lithogenic components represent the input and redeposition of glaciogenic debris, whereas variations in the proportions of the calcareous sediment fraction reflect palaeoproductivity changes. All proxies, which are regarded as sensitive to a WAIS collapse, changed markedly during the global climatic cycles, but do not confirm a complete disintegration of the WAIS during the Pleistocene. 相似文献