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1.
福建东山海域石珊瑚种类多样性及其空间分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
调查了福建东山珊瑚省级自然保护区内石珊瑚种类的多样性和群落的空间分布，共发现5种造礁石珊瑚，分别为标准蜂巢珊瑚（Faviaspeciosa）、锯齿刺星珊瑚（Cyphastrea serailia）、盾形陀螺珊瑚（Turbinaria peltata）、小星珊瑚（Leptastrea sp．）、角孔珊瑚（Goniopora sp．），和1种非造礁石珊瑚猩红筒星珊瑚（Tubastrea coccinea Lesson）．结果表明：（1）东山石珊瑚优势种为标准蜂巢珊瑚、锯齿刺星珊瑚和盾形陀螺珊瑚，但是东山的造礁石珊瑚种类正在减少．（2）东山石珊瑚的空间分布呈现正态分布，受人类影响较小的中间区域珊瑚覆盖率最高，受人类活动影响大的两端区域没有或者只有极少量的珊瑚分布．（3）东山湾内理化环境退化明显，部分区域已经不太适合珊瑚生长，仅仅少数站位分布少量石珊瑚群落，而大部分站位已经不见石珊瑚的踪影．随着远离东山湾方向，珊瑚覆盖率显著增加，在头屿一赤屿区域珊瑚覆盖率达到最大，珊瑚生长状态较好，具有较高的保护价值．随着离澳角渔港码头距离越来越近，珊瑚的覆盖率则逐渐降低．针对东山珊瑚分布区域的环境现状，应该加强东山湾污水入海的控制，合理开展海水养殖，开发利用与环境保护并重，这才能保护处在东山湾外的珊瑚群落． 相似文献
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广东徐闻西部沿岸海区"珊瑚类"的物种及其分布 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
广东省徐闻西部沿岸海区的珊瑚资源状况基本查清，发现分布的珊瑚共计2目17科49种．其中石珊瑚11科35种，软珊瑚6科14种．连片分布面积约5940hm^2，沿着海岸线呈南北走向的狭长带状分布．高出海底1．00m的高礁区分布在水尾角以北和大腰岭邻近沿岸的3．00～5．00m水深海域以及灯楼角以北水深3．00～6．00m沿岸海域．石珊瑚以木珊瑚科中盾形陀螺珊瑚、鹿角珊瑚科、滨珊瑚科分布最为普遍．柳珊瑚中以海底柏科赭色海底柏、黄叠叶柳珊瑚，鞭柳珊瑚科中以灯心柳珊瑚、鳞灯心柳珊瑚，类尖柳珊瑚科中的扁小尖柳珊瑚、紧绒柳珊瑚，软柳珊瑚科中的侧扁软柳珊瑚等的数量最多、分布最广，一般分布在石珊瑚的外围和较深水域。 相似文献
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利用冷冻切片技术,通过形态学和解剖学方法,对采自我国东海沿岸浙江南麂列岛的大型海洋红藻珊瑚藻目(Corallinales)的有节类群进行了分类学研究。经鉴定,共发现珊瑚藻目有节类群2属5种,分别为珊瑚藻科Corallinaceae叉节藻亚科Amphiroideae叉节藻属Amphiroa的带形叉节藻A.beauvoisii;珊瑚藻亚科Corallinoideae珊瑚藻属Corallina的鳞形珊瑚藻C.confusa、粗枝珊瑚藻C.crassisima、珊瑚藻C.officinalis和小珊瑚藻C.pilulifera。通过较为清晰的解剖学特征图片,对该5种有节珊瑚藻外部形态和内部特征进行了详细的比较与描述。结合近年来国际上有关上述部分物种的分类地位变化,对我国现存的带形叉节藻A.zanata、粗扁节藻Bossiella cretacea和大边孢藻Marginisporum crassissimum的归并问题展开了详细分析与讨论,以期促进对珊瑚藻目海藻分类学有更加深入的理解。 相似文献
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通过在高度富营养化的海水泻湖——厦门贸彗湖开展龙须菜（Gracilaria lemaneiformis）的延绳夹苗挂养与网笼挂养实验和室内端足类啃食海藻实验，探讨了影响筼筜湖龙须菜生长的主要因素。结果显示，筼筜湖龙须菜的表观生长率为0．42％／d，实际生长率为4．80％／d，强壮藻钩虾（Ampithoe valida）的摄食量占龙须菜总生长量的91．4％。而且，筼筜湖的水流缓慢，使藻体附着最高可达2．32g／gFw的颗粒物，明显抑制了龙须菜的生长。以上研究表明，端足类的啃食作用和不良的水动力条件是导致筼筜湖龙须菜表观生长率低的主要原因。 相似文献
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首次报道了闽东海域分布的3种石珊瑚,分别为造礁石珊瑚陀螺珊瑚（Turbinaria sp．）、非造礁石珊瑚猩红筒星珊瑚（Tubastrea coccinea Lesson）和1个珊瑚待定种,其中陀螺珊瑚和1个珊瑚待定种为中国新记录．珊瑚分布面积约3．24km2,主要呈零星斑块状分布在岛礁周围水深2—25m近岸岩礁区．2012年5～8月对闽东台山列岛和星仔列岛4km2范围内的55个岛礁近岸海域进行4个航次的调查表明,珊瑚的分布总体上南部的台山列岛海域分布数量多于北部的星仔列岛,海岛东部海域略多于西部．研究认为,闽东海域发现陀螺珊瑚说明其分布主要受台湾暖流的影响,揭示我国大陆沿岸造礁石珊瑚分布北缘可能扩展到台山列岛和星仔列岛． 相似文献
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分属绿藻门、红藻门、褐藻门的海藻样品于2000年采于山东青岛和威海沿海，首次采用人白细胞弹性蛋白酶体外筛选技术对39种海藻样品的甲醇提取物进行了抗炎活性筛选，以期从海藻中寻找天然抗类风湿性关节炎等炎症性疾病的药物活性前体。结果表明，18种海藻（7种褐藻，11种红藻）对HLE有抑制活性，而绿藻缺乏抗HLE活性。这18种海藻中，7种表现出较强的抑制活性，分别为：鸭毛藻、海头红、江蓠、细枝软骨藻、粗枝软骨藻、小粘膜藻和绳藻，其中尤以绳藻的抑制活性最强（在浓度为25μg/ml时可达98．9％）。 相似文献
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根据2006～2007年南海北部海区4季的调查资料，分析该海区软骨鱼类的种类组成和资源密度的分布．结果表明，软骨鱼类有32种，分隶于9目17科，优势种为斑鳐、曾氏兔银鲛、褐黄扁缸、橙黄鲨；渔获率D断面最高（10．19kg／h），B断面最低（4．52kg／h）；渔获率有明显的季节变动，夏季最高（12．16kg／h），秋季最低（3．71kg／h），平均渔获率为7．05kg／h；密集分布于180m和140m水深处；其年均资源密度为94．00kg／km^2．文中并讨论合理利用和保护该类群的措施． 相似文献
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温度对三角褐指藻叶绿素荧光特性及生长的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
研究三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)一次性培养过程中,不同温度(5～30 ℃)对其叶绿素荧光参数、细胞密度以及叶绿素相对含量的影响.单因子方差分析结果表明:在整个培养周期中,温度对三角褐指藻各叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo,ΦPSⅡ,ETR,qP和NPQ)及生长均有显著影响(P<0.05).多重比较结果表明:在本实验条件下,三角褐指藻的最适生长温度是20 ℃.5 ℃处理组从接种后第1 天开始各荧光参数(Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo,ΦPSⅡ,ETR,qP和NPQ)都明显下降,但第5天开始恢复;10 ℃处理组各荧光参数仅在接种后第1天出现下降,第2天就基本恢复正常;30 ℃处理组从处理后第1天开始一直到实验结束,叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo,ΦPSⅡ,ETR和qP)、叶绿素相对含量和细胞密度均显著低于其他各处理组.相关性分析结果表明:在整个培养周期内,叶绿素相对含量与细胞密度均成极显著的正相关关系.荧光参数(Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo,ΦPSⅡ,ETR)、叶绿素相对含量以及细胞密度与温度的相关性则随着温度范围及培养天数的不同而变化.本文还初步探讨了叶绿素荧光技术在筛选耐高温或耐低温微藻品系中的应用. 相似文献
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为研究不同盐度、温度及光照对漂浮浒苔生理生态的影响,我们将实验室内培养的浒苔置于不同盐度、不同温度及不同光照强度条件下培养,测定藻体光合参数。不同盐度条件下,对浒苔叶绿素荧光参数测定结果表明,在盐度为0的条件下,浒苔样品实际量子效率Fv/Fm快速降低,随后Fv/Fm维持在较低水平,在盐度10‰~40‰范围内,在前5天各处理样品Fv/Fm没有明显变化,之后样品Fv/Fm有不同程度的降低。不同实验温度条件下,对浒苔叶绿素荧光参数测定结果表明,在5℃~25℃,浒苔Fv/Fm呈现先上升后下降趋势。不同光照条件下,对浒苔叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm进行测定,其数值都在第一天发生了显著降低,之后稍有波动。藻体Fv/Fm变化有所不同,处理的前2天中,所有条件下样品都有相同幅度的降低,处理第三天时,光强400μmol/(m2·s)下比其他光强下的要显著低14%~16%;到培养后期,则以160μmol/(m2·s)下要明显较高,即160μmol/(m2·s)下藻体Fv/Fm的降低总体较为平缓。光照实验表明,浒苔在低光照条件下的实际量子效率要高于高光照条件,且最大量子效率的测定也进一步证实了该结果,表明高光照条件会引起浒苔光合作用能力下降。 相似文献
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Macroalgae build biogenic habitats which give shelter and provide a suitable physical environment for a great variety of organisms. Structural complexity of algal substrates may influence the composition of their attached epifauna. The aim of this study is to test whether the taxonomic relatedness of the algal hosts and the functional groups to which they belong influence the species richness and composition of their epifaunal bryozoans. We analysed 36 algal genera from the Atlantic coast of South America between 42°S and Cape Horn. Changes in bryozoan species richness (number of species) among different algal functional groups (filamentous algae, foliose algae, corticated foliose algae, corticated macrophytes) were non-significant. The composition of the epifaunal assemblages differed significantly only between filamentous and foliose algae. Sheet-like bryozoans (i.e. encrusting, pluriserial colonies) were more frequent on foliose than on filamentous algae, while runner-like species (i.e. uniserial stolons) were characteristic epibionts on filamentous thallii. Similarity of bryozoan assemblages increased with increasing taxonomic relatedness of their hosts. As most filamentous seaweeds analysed in this study are members of the Order Ceramiales, the influence of algal taxonomic relatedness and functional groups on the composition of their bryozoan assemblages can be viewed as two different aspects of the same phenomenon. 相似文献
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Altered Benthic Prey-Availability Due to Episodic Oxygen Deficiency Caused by Drifting Algal Mats 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Abstract. Large quantities of drifting algal mats have become a common phenomenon on shallow sandy bottoms in the northern Baltic Sea. A decomposing algal mat rapidly induces hypoxic or anoxic conditions in the underlying sediment and interferes with the normal living-mode of the benthos, i.e., mobility, feeding, and predator-prey relationships. Field surveys have shown that bivalves, such as Macoma balthica , avoid the unfavourable anoxic conditions by emerging at the sediment surface. Due to low reburrowing rates these bivalves are exposed to epibenthic predators once the drift algae disperse. A series of aquarium experiments were conducted to test for differences in the survival of M. balthica when exposed to continuous predation without prior stress and short-term predation after hypoxic stress induced by algae (= 20% 02-saturation). Sublethally stressed adult M. balthica , that normally are outside the size-range of the isopod predator Saduria entomon , became significantly more susceptible to predation when lying exposed at the sediment surface. The same effects were found with two other predators, the brown-shrimp Crangon crungon and the flounder Platichthysflesus . Drift algal mats induced an escape-reaction in the infauna more rapidly than mere hypoxia. This response is affected by temperature. which further underlines the importance of drift algae influencing prey availability. This paper discusses the role of the drift algae as a regulating factor for the infauna and demonstrates the importance of external structuring factors, such as hypoxic stress and algal mats, on predator-prey interactions. 相似文献
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重金属胁迫对塔胞藻细胞密度及叶绿素荧光特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用调制式叶绿素荧光仪测定了重金属(Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+)胁迫(24h、48h、72h和96h)对塔胞藻叶绿素荧光特性的影响.测定的主要参数有:PSII的原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、PSII的实际光能转化效率(Yield)、相对表现电子传递效率(rETR)、光化学淬灭(qP... 相似文献
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Distribution and biomass of green algal mats were studied in marine shallow (0–1 m) soft-bottom areas on the Swedish west coast from 1994 to 1996, by combining aerial photography surveys with ground truth sampling. Filamentous green algae, dominated by species of the genera Cladophora and Enteromorpha, were generally present throughout the study area during July and August, and largely absent in late April and early May. These algae occurred at 60 to 90% of the locations investigated during the summer, and were estimated to cover between 30 and 50% of the total area of shallow soft bottoms of the Swedish Skagerrak archipelago. The distributional patterns were similar during the three years of the investigation and appeared unrelated to annual local nutrient inputs from point sources and river discharge. We postulate that the apparent lack of such a relationship is due to an altered state of nutrient dynamics throughout the archipelago. Mechanisms are likely to involve long-term, diffuse elevations in nutrient levels in coastal waters of the Skagerrak and the Kattegat over several decades leading to current eutrophic conditions, exceeding nutrient requirements for abundant filamentous algal growth. Patterns of algal abundance in our study were largely related to physical factors such as exposure to wind, waves and water exchange under conditions where nutrient loads among embayments seemed to be unlimited. Further, our results show that sediments covered by algal mats had higher carbon and nitrogen contents than unvegetated sediments. We hypothesise that sustained high nutrient loads, manifested in extensive biomass of filamentous algae during summer months, are re-mineralised via decay and sedimentation in the benthic realm. Hence, accumulated carbon and nutrients in the sediment could, in turn, constitute the basic pool for future algal mat production overlying soft bottoms in areas where tidal exchange is limited. 相似文献
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Patrik Kraufvelin Ari T. Ruuskanen Niko Nappu Mikko Kiirikki 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,72(4):665-674
During the reproduction period of Fucus vesiculosus, which occurs only once a year (in May–June) along the Finnish coast of the northern Baltic Sea, a thick carpet of filamentous algae often covers hard substrates suitable for zygote settlement. By placing out artificial substrates into the field, monthly over a period of eight months prior to F. vesiculosus settlement (October 2001–June 2002), we investigated the autumn/winter/spring colonisation and succession of filamentous algae and their possible relationships with the settlement success of F. vesiculosus under naturally variable field conditions. The substrates exposed in October 2001 became covered by filamentous brown algal Pilayella littoralis mats, which persisted over the settlement period of F. vesiculosus, but now also were accompanied by large amounts of the filamentous green alga Cladophora glomerata. The substrates exposed from November 2001 onwards hosted smaller amounts of P. littoralis during the winter and different filamentous algal communities at the time of F. vesiculosus settlement, i.e. less P. littoralis and C. glomerata, but Dictyosiphon foeniculaceus, Ceramium tenuicorne and Ulva intestinalis instead. We observed recruits of F. vesiculosus on all substrates, except on the ones placed out in October 2001. Significantly more P. littoralis and C. glomerata on the October substrates may explain the failed F. vesiculosus recruitment, although we could not establish direct causal or correlational relationships between filamentous algae and F. vesiculosus settlement. We compared the results with a previous un-replicated pilot study in the same area demonstrating similar response patterns. 相似文献
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In the present work physiological responses to a short term, sub-lethal exposure to copper (5 microg Cu2 l(-1) were studied on two species of giant clams, Tridacna gigas and Hippopus hippopus. All giant clams (fam. Tridacnidae) maintain a symbiotic relationship with photo-synthesising microalgae (zooxanthellae) and the phytotoxic effects of this copper concentration were approached with two different end points: changes in oxygen production and maximal quantum yield (Fv/Fm). Additionally we measured respiration, whereby Pg:R ratios could be calculated for the system (algae and clam) and used as an indicator of stress. Cu accumulation was only determined for T. gigas and showed significantly higher tissue concentrations in exposed specimens (11.3 microg Cu g(-1) dry wt) compared to the controls (4.2 microg Cu g(-1)). Both species displayed significantly reduced Pg:R ratios due to exposure, mainly explained by lowered gross production. No indication of stress was shown in the fluorescence measurements and possible explanations are discussed in the paper. We propose that inhibitions in the slow kinetics of photosynthesis were not captured by this fluorescence parameter. Accordingly we suggest that measurements of maximum fluorescence yield should be accompanied by complementary parameters when studying pollutants with unclear phytotoxic mechanisms. 相似文献
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Carol Thornber 《Marine Ecology》2007,28(4):480-486
There is a growing awareness of the role that indirect interactions play in influencing food webs and ecosystem structure. In this study, the hypothesis that crustose algal epibionts provide gastropods associational resistance from predation was investigated through field surveys and laboratory feeding assays. In rocky low intertidal/shallow subtidal systems in the northeast Pacific, several species of crustose algae (the red alga Peyssonnelia meridionalis and crustose corallines) can colonize the shells of living Tegula brunnea snails. The growth patterns of these epibiontic crustose algae allow them to cover their host’s surface completely, which may, in turn, protect their hosts from predation. A multi‐site field survey of T. brunnea revealed that >60% of snails were at least 75% covered with one or more species of crustose algae, with 35% fully covered, indicating that this is common in the field. Laboratory feeding assays revealed that sea stars, a primary predator of T. brunnea, distinguished among snails with different shell coverings; Pisaster consumed nearly three times as many bare (i.e. no crustose algae) snails as those covered with Peyssonnelia, while Pycnopodia consumed four times as many bare snails as those covered with crustose corallines. These results suggest that epibiont crustose algae can benefit their hosts via associational resistance; this finding may have implications for the role of associational resistance in trophic interactions. 相似文献
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水位波动是控制湿地特征的关键因子,是影响湿地系统植物群落生存和发展的主导因子。植物是湿地结构和功能的核心,研究水位波动对湿地植物的影响对于湿地植被恢复以及湿地生态系统的构建具有重要的意义。实验结果显示,淹水处理对石菖蒲叶片叶绿素、丙二醛、初始荧光(F0)、最大光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)、光化学淬灭系数（qP）、相对光合电子传递速率（rETR）产生显著影响。与对照处理相比,半淹处理显著提高植株中初始荧光（F0）、光合电子传递速率(ETR)(P<0.05),并且植株叶绿素、F0、Fv/Fm、qP、rETR均高于对照处理;全淹处理则显著增加植株丙二醛（MDA）含量(P<0.05),显著降低叶绿素、最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm)、光化学淬灭系数（qP）(P<0.05),并使植株叶绿素、F0、Fv/Fm、qP、rETR均低于对照处理。由此可见,石菖蒲具有一定的抗淹能力,适宜的水位高度利于石菖蒲的光合作用,可促进其生长,但不能进行全淹 相似文献