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1.
为获得反硝化脱氮效率较好的菌株,实验从海水螺旋藻培养体系中分离获得一株嗜碱兼性好氧反硝化菌, 通过观察细菌形态以及16S rRNA基因序列的同源性分析, 鉴定该菌株为海杆菌属, 命名为Marinobacter sp. B3。为明确该海杆菌的反硝化性能及氮转化途径, 研究开展了溶解氧(DO), 碳氮摩尔比(C/N), pH和温度等不同单因素对反硝化性能影响实验和氮平衡实验。单因素影响实验结果表明, 当硝酸钾(KNO3)作为唯一氮源, NO3--N的初始浓度为100 mg/L, 盐度32, 振荡速度为150 r/min (初始DO质量浓度是5.6 mg/L), C/N=10, pH=8.0±0.2, 温度为35 °C时, 可获得最大脱氮效果。氮平衡实验结果得出, 在好氧环境下, 有20.11%的NO3--N转化为胞内氮, 5.58 mg/L的NO3--N转化为其他形态(NO2--N、NO4+-N和有机氮), 74.72%转化为N2释放; 厌氧环境下, 有26.65%的NO3--N转化为胞内氮, 72.86%的NO3--N转化为气态产物释放。最终实验结果表明, Marinobactersp. B3在好氧和厌氧条件下, 48 h对NO3--N的去除率分别为99.89%和93.80%, 具有较好的反硝化脱氮能力, 且在好氧条件下NO3--N去除效率更高, 在海水工厂化循环水养殖尾水处理方面具有良好的应用前景。  相似文献   

2.
为了高效进行水体脱氮,本实验从形成于凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖水体的生物絮团中分离到一株具产絮能力的脱氮菌xt1,经16S r RNA基因测序与生理生化分析确定菌株xt1为短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)。在此基础上,本文研究了该菌的脱氮特性。结果表明:菌株xt1最佳碳源为葡萄糖,以其为底物对氨氮、硝态氮去除率分别达95.56%和57.40%。以蔗糖为碳源亦具较高脱氮率,对氨氮、硝态氮去除率分别达69.95%和49.50%;该菌能利用有机氮加速生长,添加0.25%、0.5%、1%和2%的蛋白胨能促进OD600,分别达到0.925、1.034、1.103和1.314,均高于未加蛋白胨下的生长,且氨氮去除率均超过90%,硝态氮去除率均超过88%;该菌能适应20—200mg/L无机氮浓度;该菌能以NH4+-N、NO2–-N或NO3–-N为唯一氮源进行异养硝化-好氧反硝化,反应84h去除率分别达到94.16%、47.60%和91.17%。其中,该菌的硝化形式是将氨氮转化为气态氮脱除,其硝态氮反硝化形式是先将硝态氮转化为亚硝氮,再以气态氮脱除。在进行异养硝化-好氧反硝化同时,菌株xt1体现絮凝特性,絮凝率最高分别达到82.28%、73.15%和75.60%;此外,添加该菌于养殖水体中能加速生物絮团形成,同时提高脱氮率。各项结果表明,菌株xt1可作为水产养殖水体脱氮的备选菌株。  相似文献   

3.
为了分离好氧反硝化细菌,探究其好氧反硝化过程。利用BTB培养基,从珍珠龙胆(♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus×♂Epinephelus lanceolatu)循环水养殖系统的生物滤池中筛选出具有硝酸盐去除能力的细菌,并选择脱氮效果良好的菌株进行好氧反硝化反应器的构建,开展反硝化应用研究。本研究共分离出8株具有去除硝酸盐能力的菌株,经反硝化性能测定,都可大幅去除硝酸盐,同时也存在不同程度的氨氮和亚硝酸盐的积累;选择Z1、Z8两株脱氮效果较好的菌株进行好氧反硝化反应器的混合接种试验,结果显示反应器挂膜迅速、高效,接种2周后即达到相对稳定的水处理状态,硝酸盐去除率超过98.8%(约0.827g NO-3-N/(m2·d)),总氮去除率超过71.8%(约0.687g TN/(m2·d)),亚硝酸盐和氨氮的积累不明显,脱氮效果良好。  相似文献   

4.
从禽畜粪便发酵沼液中分离筛选出1株异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌株假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.) GK-01,采用经16S rDNA同源性比对及系统发育分析方法鉴定该菌,通过单因素变量控制实验对该菌株生长和脱氮作用的影响因素进行优化,并在最优条件下考察其在单一和混合氮源中的脱氮效果。结果表明,该菌株为1株Pseudomonas sp.,最佳碳源为柠檬酸钠,最佳C/N为10,最佳初始pH为8～9,最佳培养温度为30～35℃。此外,当NH_4~+-N的初始浓度为400 mg·L~(-1)时,该菌株在混合氮源体系中24 h对NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N的去除率分别为99.08%和96.12%,表明其对高氨氮废水具有高效的异养硝化-好氧反硝化能力,在高氨氮废水生物脱氮等领域具有广泛的应用前景。  相似文献   

5.
2013年青岛输油管道爆炸，大量石油污染了附近海岸。课题组采集了污染的沉积物样品，以原油为唯一碳源和能源，富集了四个石油降解菌群。生物多样性和群落分析表明，Luteibacter、Parvibaculum 和属于食烷菌科的一个属是降解菌群的主要优势菌，都属于变形菌门。从石油降解菌群中分离筛选，获得了9株具有不同16S rRNA基因序列的降解菌，分别属于8个属。重量法测定降解菌的石油降解率，其中5株的石油降解率大于30%。GC-MS分析结果表明，石油降解菌多倾向于降解烷烃，对多环芳烃的降解能力较差，其中5株细菌的烷烃降解率较大，仅1株菌D2对多环芳烃的降解率较大，其降解率在34.9%到77.5%。通过对高通量数据的分析，表明食烷菌属是菌群A和菌群E的主要降解菌群，其中筛选获得的菌株E4可能是菌群E的一株优势降解菌。本研究所筛选菌株证明了其石油降解潜力，为油污染海滩生物修复提供了菌株资源。  相似文献   

6.
分离自对虾养殖池塘的地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)MP15具有高效的异养硝化-好氧反硝化性能。为了进一步研究菌株MP15的脱氮特性和脱氮机制,本研究采用氮同位素标记法,对其在氮基础降解液中的脱氮特性和机制进行了深入的研究。研究结果显示:在初始无机氮浓度为42 mg/L的氮基础降解液中,其对NH~+_4-N、NO~-_2-N和NO~-_3-N的最大去除速率分别为1.03 mg NH~+_4-N/(L·h)、1.74 mg NO~-_2-N/(L·h)和1.02 mg NO~-_3-N/(L·h)。氮代谢过程中羟胺氧化还原酶、亚硝酸盐还原酶和硝酸盐还原酶的酶比活力分别为0.540 6、0.157 8和0.160 9 U/mg。对菌株MP15脱氮过程中的~(15)N同位素示踪结果显示,以NH~+_4-N作为唯一氮源时,仅产生~(15)N_2O;当菌株MP15分别以NO~-_2-N和NO~-_3-N作为唯一氮源时,可同时检测到~(15)N_2O和~(15)N_2。综合上述结果,菌株MP15对无机氮的去除主要包括:同化作用、硝化作用和反硝化作用。其中对NH~+_4-N的硝化途径为:NH~+_4-N→NH_2OH→N_2O;对NO~-_2-N的硝化-反硝化途径为:NO~-_3-N←NO~-_2-N→N_2O/N_2;其对NO~-_3-N的反硝化途径为:NO~-_3-N→NO~-_2-N→N_2O/N_2。  相似文献   

7.
为解决海水养殖环境中的无机氮污染问题,从河鲀(Takifugu rubripes)养殖池塘的水体和底泥中筛选出2株可有效去除氨态氮、亚硝态氮和硝态氮的菌株——盐单胞菌(Halomonas sp.DN3)和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis HC),并初步探讨了2株菌在不同无机氮源中的氮去除特性。研究表明,2株细菌均具有较好的无机氮去除效果。在初始无机氮浓度为42 mg·L~(-1)的单一氮源基础降解液中,菌株DN3对氨态氮、亚硝态氮和硝态氮的去除率分别为84.1%、62.1%和98.8%;菌株HC对三者的去除率分别为81.2%、49.0%和90.3%。在氨态氮去除过程中,虽未检测到硝态氮和亚硝态氮的积累,但从系统的氮收支分析,总氮浓度均显著下降,推测可能存在硝化过程;在硝态氮和亚硝态氮去除过程中,菌株DN3还原硝态氮时具有亚硝态氮的积累,菌株HC氧化亚硝态氮时具有硝态氮的积累。而从总氮浓度均有下降推测,可能存在好氧反硝化过程。在初始无机氮浓度为42 mg·L~(-1)的混合氮源基础降解液中,2株菌均具有良好的同步去除无机氮能力。以氨态氮和亚硝态氮为氮源时,菌株DN3和HC的总无机氮去除率分别为75.4%和66.6%;以氨态氮和硝态氮为氮源时,菌株DN3和HC的总无机氮去除率为69.5%和75.6%,2株菌在2种混合氮源中的氨态氮去除率均在90.0%以上。综合分析,菌株DN3和HC对无机氮去除机制主要以菌体的同化作用为主,同时推测具有一定的硝化和反硝化作用。研究结果表明,菌株DN3和HC均可高效去除无机氮,其在海水养殖水环境调控中具有潜在的应用价值。  相似文献   

8.
为获得高效好氧反硝化细菌,并研究这些细菌的脱氮特性以及好氧反硝化机理,采集了近海表层沉积物进行富集培养,分离获得一株具有高效好氧反硝化能力的菌株F13-1.结合生理生化特征及16S rRNA基因序列分析,初步鉴定菌株F13-1为卓贝尔氏菌(Zobellella sp.).在以葡萄糖为碳源,C/N比值为15,盐度为30,摇床转速160 r/min,p H值为7,28℃的最优脱氮条件下菌株F13-1脱氮效果较好,分别能将100 mg/dm3硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐在24和16 h内彻底脱除,脱除速率分别为:5.87 mg/(dm3·h)和5.97 mg/(dm3·h).并且菌株F13-1对高浓度亚硝酸盐具有较好的耐受性,能在高浓度亚硝酸盐存在条件下正常生长及脱氮,156 h内能将400 mg/dm3亚硝酸盐脱除完全.基因组分析表明,该菌株具有完整的反硝化基因簇,包括nap、nir、nor和nos等共17个基因.研究结果表明该菌株具有高效好氧反硝化特性,在养殖废水处理中具有较好的应用潜力.  相似文献   

9.
硝化作用是海洋氮循环的核心过程。作为硝化过程关键步骤的氨氧化过程的主要参与者,氨氧化古菌和氨氧化细菌对硝化作用的相对贡献是海洋氮循环关注的热点问题之一。本文选取渤海和南黄海20个站位的表层沉积物,通过微宇宙培养实验研究了沉积物中氨氧化古菌和氨氧化细菌对硝化潜势的相对贡献。结果表明,渤海和南黄海海域表层沉积物中潜在硝化速率(以氮计,下同)为0.004 6～0.283 1μmol/(g·d),其中氨氧化古菌潜在硝化速率为0.004 3～0.274 3μmol/(g·d),氨氧化细菌潜在硝化速率为0.000 4～0.056 0μmol/(g·d)。氨氧化古菌是硝化潜势的主要贡献者,在渤海海域的贡献率为59.79%～97.95%,在南黄海海域的贡献率为18.47%～94.26%。渤海海域潜在硝化速率显著高于南黄海海域。此外,本研究海域中盐度是影响潜在硝化速率的关键环境因子,对渤海海域的分析则表明越高的NO3-浓度可能指示着越高的硝化潜势。在河口及近海沉积物中,氨氧化古菌在硝化过程中起着更加重要的作用;河口和近岸沉积物硝化潜势总体高于远海。本研究为进一...  相似文献   

10.
自雅浦海沟4个站位的12个沉积物样品中分离得到38株真菌菌株,基于形态观察和ITS序列信息对所得菌株进行分类鉴定,发现它们分别属于青霉属(Penicillium,17株)、曲霉属(Aspergillus,7株)、篮状菌属(Talaromyces,1株)、枝孢属(Cladosporium,6株)、赭霉属(Ochroconis,1株)、Meyerozyma属(1株)、梅拉菌属(Meira,1株)、Cystobasidium属(2株)、Wallemia属(1株)和红酵母属(Rhodotorula,1株)等10个属.其中青霉属、曲霉属和枝孢属菌株为优势菌株,分别占分离菌株总数的44.7%、18.4%和15.8%;而Wallemia属(节担菌纲)菌株是首次从深海环境中分离到.利用PCR技术在分离的深海真菌菌株中检测nir K和P450nor两种反硝化关键酶基因,结果显示nir K基因可在黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、杂色曲霉(Aspergillus versicolor)、枝孢菌(Cladosporium sp.)、枝状枝孢(Cladosporium cladosporioides)和产黄青霉(Penicillium chrysogenum)等6种真菌菌株中检测到,而P450nor基因仅在黄曲霉菌株中检测到.同时还通过富集培养方法从上述沉积物样品中分离获得两株反硝化枝孢菌.结果表明,雅浦海沟深海沉积物环境中存在着丰富的真菌资源,它们在深海环境氮循环中起着一定作用,这将增强人们对深海环境可培养真菌多样性及其生态作用的认识.  相似文献   

11.
The aim of the present study was to investigate seasonal and spatial patterns of soil oxygen consumption, nitrification, denitrification and fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in a tidal salt marsh of the Lagoon of Venice, Italy. In the salt marsh, intact soil cores including overlying water were collected monthly at high tide from April to October in salt marsh creeks and in areas covered by the dominant vegetation, Limonium serotinum. In May, cores were also collected in areas with vegetation dominated by Juncus maritimus and Halimione portulacoides. In laboratory incubations at in situ temperature in the dark, flux rates of oxygen and DIN were monitored in the overlying water of the intact cores. 15N-nitrate was added to the overlying water and nitrification and denitrification were measured using isotope-dilution and -pairing techniques. The results show that highest soil oxygen consumption coincided with the highest water temperature in June and July. The highest denitrification rates were recorded in spring and autumn coinciding with the highest nitrate concentrations. Soil oxygen consumption and nitrification rates differed between sampling sites, but denitrification rates were similar among the different vegetation types. The highest rates were recorded in areas covered with L. serotinum. Burrowing soil macrofauna enhanced oxygen consumption, nitrification and denitrification in April and May. The data presented in this study indicate high temporal as well as spatial variations in the flux of oxygen and DIN, and nitrogen transformations in the tidal salt marshes of the Venice lagoon during the growth season. The results identify the salt marshes of the Venice lagoon as being metabolically very active ecosystems with a high capacity to process nitrogen.  相似文献   

12.
The rate of benthic denitrification in slope and rise sediments of a transect across the N.W. European Continental Margin (Goban Spur) was evaluated from 31 pore water nitrate profiles obtained during six cruises between May and October. All profiles had well separated zones of nitrification and denitrification. High near-surface nitrate concentrations prevented the influx of nitrate from the bottom water. The denitrification rates obtained from steady-state-modelling ranged from 0.13 to 2.56 μmol N cm−2 y−1 and showed an exponential increase both with decreasing water depth and with increasing rate of organic carbon degradation. Denitrification rates in a nearby canyon, which did not follow these relationships, were estimated to be much higher as a result of erosion and redistribution of organic matter. Denitrification at the Goban Spur slope and rise is much lower than previously reported for similar environments in the Pacific resulting predominantly from the different oxygen and nitrate concentrations in the bottom water. A weighted average for the whole slope and rise sediment system shows that 17% of the particulate organic nitrogen input (8.93 μmol N cm−2 y−1) is denitrified and only 1% is buried, the rest being released as nitrate. Although being ten times higher compared with basin sediments, denitrification on the slope and rise is several times lower than on the adjacent shelf.  相似文献   

13.
为从一种组成未知的商用复合菌中分离并筛选出优势发酵菌株,本实验采用稀释平板培养法,对菌种进行分离纯化,同时参照《真菌鉴定手册》和《常见细菌鉴定手册》,根据其形态学特征、生理生化特性,并分别结合16S r DNA和18S r DNA序列的比对分析对菌种进行鉴定。另外,本研究通过生长曲线测定,单菌种发酵试验以及多菌种混合发酵发酵试验,以游离氨基酸态氮为指标,以期筛选出发酵低值水产品制备菌肥的最佳菌株组合。结果显示,共分离得到4株菌,分别为a热带假丝酵母、b罗伦隐球菌、c枯草芽孢杆菌、d蜡样芽胞杆菌。且菌种组合acd发酵后游离氨基酸态氮的含量较对照组上升最显著,为8.276g/L。故可确定最佳发酵菌株配方为acd(热带假丝酵母+枯草芽孢杆菌+蜡样芽胞杆菌)。  相似文献   

14.
To evaluate the effect of the tidal cycle on the pore water nitrate dynamics in intertidal sediment, concentrations of inorganic nitrogen in water and sediment were monitored during tidal cycles in the mud flat of Tama Estuary, Japan. During submergence, nitrate concentration was highest in the overlying water and decreased monotonically with increasing depth in the sediment, suggesting that the primary source of nitrate in the sediment was nitrate transported from the overlying water. Pore water nitrate decreased remarkably during the initial 3–4 hours after the onset of exposure. Thereafter, it was constant or slightly increased until tidal flooding.In situ accumulation of nitrate at the end of exposure, however, did not exceed the nitrate concentrations in the overlying water. The inhibition of nitrate reduction and the stimulation of nitrification would explain the change of nitrate concentration, both consistent with the input of oxygen into the sediment following a 10 mm drop of the water table. In Tama Estuary sediments, the effect of the tidal cycle on the removal of combined nitrogen is rather negative, because high nitrate concentrations in the overlying water canceled the positive effect of nitrate accumulation by nitrification during exposure, while tidal oxygen intrusion have an inhibitory effection sedimentary denitrification.  相似文献   

15.
Studies on the Arabian Sea coastal anoxia have been of immense interest, but despite its ecological significance there is sparse understanding of the microbes involved. Hence, observations were carried out off Goa (15 degrees 30'N, 72 degrees 40'E to 15 degrees 30'N, 72 degrees 59'E) to understand the processes that mediate the changes in various inorganic nitrogen species in the water column during anoxia. Water column chemistry showed a clear distinct oxic environment in the month of April and anoxic condition in October. Our study based on microbial signatures indicated that oxygen deficit appeared as a well-defined nucleus almost 40 km away from the coast during the oxic period (April) and spreads there after to the entire water column synchronizing with the water chemistry. Striking results of net changes in inorganic nitrogen species in nitrification blocked and unblocked experimental systems show that denitrification is the predominant process in the water column consuming available nitrate ( approximately 0.5 microM) to near zero levels within approximately 72 h of incubation. These observations have been supported by concomitant increase in nitrite concentration ( approximately 4 microM). Similar studies on denitrification-blocked incubations, demonstrate the potential of nitrification to feed denitrification. Nitrification could contribute almost 4.5 microM to the total nitrate pool. It was found that the relation between ammonium and total dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) pool (r=0.98, p<0.001, n=122) was significant compared to the latter with nitrite and nitrate. The occurrence of high ammonium under low phosphate conditions corroborates our observations that ammonium does not appear to be locked under low oxygen regimes. It is suggested that ammonium actively produced by detrital breakdown (ammonification) is efficiently consumed through nitrification process. The three processes in concert viz. ammonification, nitrification and denitrification appear to operate in more temporal and spatial proximity than hitherto appreciated in these systems and this gives additional cues on the absence of measurable nitrate at surface waters, which was earlier attributed only to efficient algal uptake. Hence we hypothesize that the alarming nitrous oxide input into the atmosphere could be due to high productivity driven tighter nitrification-denitrification coupling, rather than denitrification driven by extraneous nitrate.  相似文献   

16.
To explore the influences of semi-lunar spring and neap tidal changes on nitrogen cycling in intertidal sediments, a comparative study among waterlogged, desiccated and reflooded systems was carried out in August 2005 and February 2006 by analyzing nitrification, denitrification and N2O depth profiles in the intertidal flats of the Yangtze estuary. Laboratory experiments showed that alternating emersion and inundation resulted in the significant changes in nitrification and denitrification rates in the intertidal sediment systems. Due to the desiccation-related effects, lowest nitrification and denitrification rates were observed in the desiccated sediment cores. Highest nitrification and denitrification rates were however detected in the waterlogged and reflooded systems, respectively. It is hypothesized that the highest nitrification rates in the waterlogged sediments were mainly attributed to higher nitrifier numbers and NH4+ being more available, whereas the availability of NO3− might dominate denitrification in the reflooded sediments. In addition, the highest N2O concentrations were detected in the reflooded sediment cores, and the lowest found in the dried sediment cores. It was also shown that N2O in the intertidal sediments was mainly from nitrification under the desiccated condition. In contrast, N2O in the intertidal sediments was produced mainly via denitrification under the waterlogged and reflooded conditions. It is therefore concluded that the semi-lunar tidal cycle has a significant influence on nitrification, denitrification and N2O production in the intertidal sediment systems.  相似文献   

17.
东海陆架典型断面颗粒态氨基酸的分布及控制因素分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
采用高效液相色谱法,通过现场调查对东海典型PN断面(文中为C断面)的颗粒态氨基酸(Particulate Amino Acids,PAA)进行了分析,并结合叶绿素a(Chla)、颗粒有机碳(POC)、颗粒有机氮(PON)及颗粒态氨基酸的构型特征(D和L型)等参数探讨了该区颗粒有机氮的来源和降解情况。结果表明,在长江口最大浑浊带,受咸淡水混合和生物现场生产双重作用影响,POC、PON以及PAA的总浓度均达到了极大值,其中,受再悬浮作用影响,底层水体中的有机物呈现高度降解的状态;近岸水华区域的颗粒态氨基酸则更多来源于现场生产,而且POC/Chla质量比值与降解因子DI值的负相关特征表明冲淡水向海洋输送的过程中,现场生产力对颗粒有机碳的贡献比重逐渐增大,悬浮颗粒物也变得越来越新鲜。值得关注的是,一些D型氨基酸[如D型天冬氨酸(D-Asp),D型丙氨酸(D-Ala)]与细菌生物量之间存在良好的正相关性,暗示颗粒态氨基酸在受到物理水团和生物现场生产作用控制的同时,还受控于微微型浮游生物以及异养细菌。  相似文献   

18.
1 Introduction Estuaries have been subject to intense anthro- pogenic influences over recent decades by inputs of ni- trogen as a consequence of fertilizer usage and sewage/waste input (Howarth et al., 1996). Thus, the capacity of an estuary to buffer or alleviate additional nutrients is of importance in modifying the load of ni- trogen in the marine ecosystem. The role of microor- ganisms in regulating fluxes of nitrogen from land to sea through estuaries has received increased attention (Ni…  相似文献   

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