共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
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南海——我国深海研究的突破口 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
近两年来，海内外和海峡两岸的中国科学家围绕深海研究进行反复研讨，一致认为南海是我国深海研究的首选，并初步形成了“南海深部计划”的研究方案，提出以“构建边缘海的生命史”为主题，从洋壳深海盆的演化、深海沉积、生物地球化学过程三方面开展研究的建议方案。他们建议：利用现代技术重新测定南海磁异常条带，争取钻探大洋壳，系统研究火山链；观测现代深部海流和海底沉积过程，从深海沉积中提取边缘海盆演化的信息；认识海底溢出流体与井下流体的分布与影响，揭示微型生物在深海碳循环中的作用。争取在科学和技术全国性合作的基础上，在南海实现我国深海研究的突破。 相似文献
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国际大洋钻探计划自１９８３年以来，已成功地实施了６６个航次的深海钻探作业，获取钻探岩芯逾１０００００ｍ。在关于大陆边缘的构造演化，海洋地壳的形成与发展，地壳流体循环和壳幔相互作用海洋沉积结构和古海洋学，地球大气圈、水圈、冰圈、生物圈的长期变化等众多研究领域取得了一系列重大科研成果。 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(3)
<正>2017年5月8-9日,青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室(以下简称"海洋国家实验室")组织召开了2017年第5期鳌山论坛,10名院士及200多位专家学者济济一堂,围绕"一带一路"战略,聚焦印度洋-太平洋海底过程与资源效应,开展了多角度、跨学科的广泛研讨和深入交流(封底)。论坛分为三个专题、二十六场报告进行,主要包括了深海深地动力、深海深部生物圈、深海深时环境等不同深度、不同尺度的研究主题,旨在通过发展"两洋一海"区域地球科学理论,深入探索板块构造动力学机制,从而更加深刻了解"一带一路"相重叠的特提斯构造域,认识区域资源分布规律,加快中国的大洋钻探及向深海、深地进军的步伐。 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2007,27(3):16-16
大洋岩石圈的形成与演化主要是地球化学变异和物理变化的过程,板块构造每100～200 Ma可以完全更新大洋盆地.而岩石圈则是地球的地幔到地壳、地壳到海洋与大气的物质和能量传递与转换形成的产物,独立的阳光与演变的洋壳提供了生命在独特的海底和次海底的类似地球早期生态系统的生长环境.洋壳的形成到重新俯冲到地幔,始终伴随着海水的相互作用,海水与其他物质最终经循环又重新进入了地幔. 相似文献
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汪品先 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2011,(4):3-6
三十卷的《海洋地质与第四纪地质》如同年轮,记录了我国改革开放三十年来海洋地质科学的成长史.如今中国的海洋科学,已经开始进入世界大洋,活跃在世界海洋科学的前沿.新的发现证明,深海海底是地球表层和深部系统之间的通道,深海的认识已经成为地球系统科学的瓶颈.与此同时,海洋科学正在从“考察”向“观测”过渡,海底观测网正在成为观测... 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2005,25(1):136
海洋地质科学范时清著 海洋出版社出版本书共分9章,全面阐述了海洋地质调查及其发展史、海洋三维地震、深海钻探、海洋沉积物分类及现代海洋沉积作用若干原理、海洋浊流和等深线流沉积作用、海洋沉积地球化学、古海洋学与全球变迁、大陆边缘地质、大洋地质、海底矿产资源、大洋起源与演变理论等海洋地质科学的基本问题。本书共630千字,16开,定价98元,2004年11月出版发行。2020年的海洋———科学发展趋势和可持续发展面临的挑战John G Field,Gotthilf Hempel,Colin P Lsummerhayes 著 海洋出版社出版本书以大量事例,全面总结和评… 相似文献
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自20世纪70年代以来，现代海底热液活动调查研究一直是地球科学领域研究的热点和焦点。中国大洋19航次第Ⅰ、Ⅱ航段于2007年3月在西南印度洋脊首次发现的海底热液活动区，为IODP在超慢速扩张洋脊热液活动区进一步的调查和研究创造了条件。为了能够更深入地开展该热液区的地质地球物理、矿产资源和生物多样性调查研究，笔者建议应在该区域开展IODP钻探研究，以便对热液活动区硫化物矿体、基岩及深部物质的三维分布和结构物质组成，热液流体与岩石、沉积物相互作用关系，以及热液循环、热及物质通量和成矿机制、成矿物质来源演化关系等方面得到更深入的认识，进而探索地球深部极端环境下的微生物生命现象。 相似文献
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张守本 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2004,24(2):78-78,94
在整合大洋钻探计划(Integrated Ocean Drilling Program，IODP)之前，日本于1994年就提出了“深海地球钻探计划(OD21)”，此计划包括建造带有上升装置(riser)的地球深部钻探船。由于即将完成的海洋钻探计划(ODP，1985—2003)中使用的钻探船上没有安装上升装置，所以钻进速率和孔心采取率的提高均受到限制。如果采用通过钻管将钻探岩 相似文献
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Deep CTD Casts in the Challenger Deep,Mariana Trench 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
On 1 December 1992, CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth profiler) casts were made at three stations in a north-south section of the Challenger Deep to examine temperature and salinity profiles. The station in the Challenger Deep was located at 11°22.78′ N and 142°34.95′ E, and the CTD cast was made down to 11197 db or 10877 m, 7 m above the bottom by reeling out titanium cable of 10980 m length. The southern station was located at 11° 14.19′ N and 142°34.79′ E, 16.1 km from the central station, where water depth is 9012 m. CTD was lowered to 7014 db or 6872 m. The northern station was located at 11°31.47′ N and 142° 35.30′ E, 15.9 km from the central station, and CTD was lowered to 8536 db or 8336 m, 10 m above the bottom. Below the thermocline, potential temperature decreased monotonously down to 7300–7500 db beyond a sill depth between 5500 m and 6000 m, or between 5597 db and 6112 db, of the trench. Potential temperature increased from 7500 db to the bottom at a constant rate of 0.9 m°C/1000 db. Salinity increased down to 6020–6320 db, and then stayed almost constant down to around 9000 db. From 9500 db to the bottom, salinity increased up to 34.703 psu at 11197 db. Potential density referred to 8000 db increased monotonously down to about 6200 db, and it was almost constant from 6500 db to 9500 db. Potential density increased from 9500 db in accordance with the salinity increase. Geostrophic flows were calculated from the CTD data at three stations. Below an adopted reference level of 3000 db, the flow was westward in the north of Challenger Deep and eastward in the south, which suggests a cyclonic circulation over the Challenger Deep. Sound speed in Challenger Deep was estimated from the CTD data, and a relation among readout depth of the sonic depth recorder, true depth, and pressure was examined. 相似文献
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K. G. Robertson 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1990,12(1-2):3-8
Accurate navigation forms an essential part of all research at sea and the deep ocean imposes it's own unique problems. This chapter discusses several of the techniques in current use on the research vessels of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), concentrating on those systems which provide global navigation facilities, as opposed to the more localised, coastal aids. Whilst most of the systems rely on surface propagation of radio waves, the use of acoustics and sea-bed mapping instruments constitute accurate alternatives for some sub-sea applications. 相似文献
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Gregory C. Johnson Sarah G. Purkey 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2009,56(5):827-834
Data collected from hydrographic stations occupied within the Venezuelan and Columbian basins of the Caribbean Sea from 1922 through 2003 are analyzed to study the decadal variability of deep temperature in the region. The analysis focuses on waters below the 1815-m sill depth of the Anegada–Jungfern Passage. Relatively dense waters (compared to those in the deep Caribbean) from the North Atlantic spill over this sill to ventilate the deep Caribbean Sea. Deep warming at a rate of over 0.01 °C decade–1 below this sill depth appears to have commenced in the 1970s after a period of relatively constant deep Caribbean Sea temperatures extending at least as far back as the 1920s. Conductivity–temperature–depth station data from World Ocean Circulation Experiment Section A22 along 66°W taken in 1997 and again in 2003 provide an especially precise, albeit geographically limited, estimate of this warming over that 6-year period. They also suggest a small (0.001 PSS-78, about the size of expected measurement biases) deep freshening. The warming is about 10 times larger than the size of geothermal heating in the region, and is of the same magnitude as the average global upper-ocean heat uptake over a recent 50-year period. Together with the freshening, the warming contributes about 0.012 m decade–1 of sea level rise in portions of the Caribbean Sea with bottom depths around 5000 m. 相似文献
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The turbulent motions responsible for ocean mixing occur on scales much smaller than those resolved in numerical simulations
of oceanic flows. Great progress has been made in understanding the sources of energy for mixing, the mechanisms, and the
rates. On the other hand, we still do not have adequate answers to first order questions such as the extent to which the thermohaline
circulation of the ocean, and hence the earth's climate, is sensitive to the present mixing rates in the ocean interior. Internal
waves, generated by either wind or flow over topography, appear to be the principle cause of mixing. Mean and eddy flows over
topography generate internal lee waves, while tidal flows over topography generate internal tides. The relative importance
of these different internal wave sources is unknown. There are also great uncertainties about the spatial and temporal variation
of mixing. Calculations of internal tide generation are becoming increasingly robust, but we do not know enough about the
subsequent behavior of internal tides and their eventual breakdown into turbulence. It does seem, however, that most internal
tide energy flux is radiated away from generation sites as low modes that propagate over basin scales. The mechanisms of wave-wave
interaction and topographic scattering both act to transfer wave energy from low modes to smaller dissipative scales.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2011,(1)
1研究背景深海是地球表层最晚认识的部分,人类对于深海的知识绝大部分来自最近半个多世纪。1968年开始的深海钻探计划(DSDP),证明洋底在不断扩张;1978年开始的HEBBLE计划,证明几千米海底还有深海风暴;1970年代末发现大洋中脊喷出热液,支持着非光合作用的黑暗食物链;1990年代 相似文献
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Temperature is one of the most frequently measured parameters of the ocean because of its importance to the understanding and prediction of oceanic and meteorological events, and also because the measurement is required for the determination of salinity and density. The ocean temperature range is narrow,-2deg to35deg C, but measurement is complicated by the harsh ocean environment, the necessity of remote hands off readings, power limitations due to the cable, and the fast response required to obtain a profile in a reasonable length of time. Platinum and copper thermometers are used for most precision measurements with thermistors or thermocouples used in some cases to improve speed of response and for lesser accuracy. A number of very different circuits have been used successfully in salinity, temperature, and depth profiling systems and achieve millidegree accuracies in laboratory measurements. However, very careful precautions and many checks are required to achieve that accuracy in the field, and to achieve the correlation of conductivity, pressure, and temperature readings required for equivalent accuracy in the salinity and density measurements. 相似文献
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由于世界金属价格的下跌、联合国海洋法会议规定的繁琐条文以及对结核采矿可行性过于乐观的设想 ,使得勘探深海锰结核的首次尝试以失败告终。随后注意力又集中到海山的富钴锰结壳上。 2 0世纪 80年代中期以来 ,人们寄希望于一些长期的计划以确立深海锰结核采矿的可行性。这些计划则需本国政府的大力资助。近年来海底热液矿物也引起人们的关注。自1 983年以来 ,一些学者就对离散板块边缘的海底热液矿物资源潜力产生了一定的兴趣 ,其中对红海中部亚特兰蒂斯二号深海海底的沉积物矿产进行过有关其商业潜力的最详细评价。该矿床是迄今已知海洋规… 相似文献