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1.
酒精性肝病(alcoholic liver disease, ALD)是中国常见的肝脏疾病之一, 严重危害人民健康。目前, 缺乏治疗酒精性肝病的有效方法。螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白(phycocyanin, PC)是一种天然蛋白质, 具有抗炎、抗氧化等作用。本文研究了PC对大鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用及其对肠道菌群的影响。利用酒精诱导酒精性肝损伤模型, 将大鼠随机分为4组, 分别为对照组, 模型组, 阳性对照组, 藻蓝蛋白组, 灌胃PC干预之后, 通过肝脏切片的Masson和HE染色的病理分析判断肝损伤的程度, 之后通过16S rRNA高通量测序技术检测大鼠肠道菌群的组成和结构。模型组大鼠肠道菌群发生了紊乱, 显著降低了双歧杆菌(Bifidobacteriaceae)的丰度, 该菌种可以减少肝脏炎症和肝酶, 口服PC后Bifidobacteriaceae的丰度显著增加。此外, 酒精诱导后, 乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillaceae)的丰度略微增加, 促进酒精代谢。藻蓝蛋白能够通过改变酒精性肝损伤大鼠的肠道菌群构成, 从而起到缓解酒精诱导的肝损伤的效果。 相似文献
2.
随机抽取3月龄脉红螺稚螺103粒,开展其表型性状对体质量性状影响分析,以期为脉红螺人工选择育种提供较好的测度指标。实验测量了脉红螺壳长（X1）、壳宽（X2）、壳厚（X3）、壳口长（X4）、壳口宽（X5）等5种表型性状和体质量性状（Y）,运用相关性分析、多元回归分析、通径分析及决定系数分析等方法分析了表型性状对体质量性状的影响。结果表明,脉红螺各性状间的相关性均达到极显著水平（P<0.01）,拟合的多元线性方程为Y=-18.484 4+0.348 35X1+0.463 79X2,经自助法检验,在95%置信区间条件下,该方程决定系数（R2）范围为0.863 5~0.939 4,拟合度较好;壳长和壳宽对体质量的决定系数之和大于0.85,是最适宜用来预测体质量性状的两个表型性状指标。本研究成功分析出对脉红螺体质量直接影响作用最强的表型性状,为脉红螺选择育种理想测度指标的挑选提供了依据。 相似文献
3.
旨在探究养殖水体中添加球形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌对斑马鱼幼鱼生长、抗氧化免疫、肠道菌群与代谢的影响。将初体重为(0.019±0.003) g的270尾斑马鱼随机均分为3组, ZF0组(对照组, 基础饲料)、ZF5组(基础饲料+105CFU/mL球形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌)与ZF7组(基础饲料+107CFU/mL球形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌), 每组3个平行,试验周期为33 d。实验结果表明: (1) 各组间的终末体重、增重率和特定生长率都没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。(2) ZF5和ZF7组的GPT活性显著高于ZF0组(P<0.05), ZF5组AKP的活性显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。(3) ZF7组胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶的活性相对于ZF0和ZF5组显著提高(P<0.05)。(4) ZF7组肠道绒毛高度、V/C都显著高于ZF0与ZF5组(P<0.05); ZF7组的隐窝深度显著低于其他两组(P<0.05)。(5) 从肠道菌群组成来看, 各组间优势菌门均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria), ZF5和ZF7组显著降低了肠道中梭杆菌门(Fusobacteriota)的丰度并显著提高了放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)的丰度(P<0.05)。属水平上, 对照组与试验组的优势菌属为鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium), 试验组显著减少了邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas)的丰度同时显著提高了戈登氏菌属(Gordonia)、细杆菌属(Microbacterium)等有益菌属的丰度(P<0.05)。(6)ZF5和ZF7组与ZF0组的肠道代谢物差异明显, 其中Lipoxin a4、Prostaglandin g2和11-dehydrothromboxane b2显著上调(P<0.05), 5''-phosphoribosyl- 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide (aicar)显著下调(P<0.05)。差异代谢物主要富集在ABC转运蛋白、神经活性配体-受体相互作用以及丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸通路中。综上所述,养殖水体中添加球形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌有利于改善斑马鱼幼鱼的肠道消化性能、组织结构和微生物多样性及其代谢产物。 相似文献
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2014年冬季西太平洋浮游植物光合作用特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用浮游植物荧光仪Phyto-PAM测量了西太平洋浮游植物最大光化学量子产量、快速光曲线系数,结合相应的生态因子,对西太平洋浮游植物进行了原位光合作用特征研究。结果表明：西太平洋走航断面表层浮游植物最大光化学量子产量Fv/Fm值基本在0.2以下,而DY（大洋）断面Fv/Fm平均值仅为0.16,光能利用效率α的变化范围为0.007-0.117,平均值为0.039;相对最大电子传递速率rETRmax变化范围为6.8-113.4（μmol/（s·m2））,平均值为32.72（μmol/（s·m2））;饱和光强Ek的变化范围为60.3-1662.7（μmol/（s·m2））,平均值为846.83（μmol/（s·m2））。DY断面Fv/Fm最大值水层与DCM层（叶绿素最大层）相吻合,既保护了浮游植物光反应中心不受强烈光辐射影响,又支持了DCM层浮游植物相对较强的光合作用和对整个水体初级生产力的贡献率。DY断面浮游植物具有极低的光能利用效率却需要较高的光强来达到光饱和,导致这种生活环境下浮游植物处于一种低活衰老的状态,这是造成某些大洋海区低生产力现象出现的原因之一。 相似文献
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目的：研究苦参汤对皮肤溃疡大鼠伤口愈合的影响。方法：通过皮下注射75%冰醋酸诱导大鼠皮肤溃疡模型，将模型大鼠分为5组，G1采用蒸馏水干预，G2～5分别采用苦参汤低、中、高剂量及0.02%高锰酸钾溶液（PP）进行局部治疗，连续7d。治疗后对各组溃疡面积、溃疡评分和组织学评估，通过免疫组织化学分析检测前炎性细胞因子前列腺素E2（PGE-2）和白细胞介素-8（IL-8）的表达。结果：苦参汤对皮肤溃疡大鼠创口愈合有促进作用，中剂量和高剂量苦参汤治疗的大鼠溃疡愈合更佳（P<0.05），低剂量苦参汤治疗的肉眼可见溃疡评分显著降低（P<0.01），PP组在降低溃疡面积和肉眼可见的溃疡评分方面，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；所有剂量的苦参汤和PP均改善了大鼠诱导的皮肤溃疡的组织学损伤；高剂量苦参汤和PP使大鼠皮肤溃疡组织中的PGE-2和IL-8表达显著降低（P<0.01）；各组大鼠均未发现与治疗有关的毒性。结论：苦参汤可促进皮肤溃疡大鼠的伤口愈合，其对PGE-2和IL-8的抑制是增强伤口愈合的可能作用机制。 相似文献
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真江蓠是原产于西北太平洋的重要经济红藻。我们利用10对微卫星引物检测中国黄渤海地区真江蓠的群体遗传多样性和结构。10个微卫星位点在12个群体中共检测到65个等位基因，每个位点的等位基因（Na）为1~28，有效等位基因（Ne）为1.0~9.6。每个群体的平均等位基因（Na）、平均有效等位基因（Ne）、平均香浓指数（I）、平均观察杂合度（Ho）和平均预期杂合度（He）分别为2.4、1.6、0.419、0.133和0.227，显示较低的群体遗传多样性。中国黄渤海12个真江蓠群体间遗传分化较大（Fst=0.398 7），基因流有限（Nm=0.377 1），近交系数为正（Fis=0.391 3，Fit=0.634 0），表明可能存在近交和杂合子缺失现象。Structure和UPGMA系统进化分析一致将12个群体分为两个遗传组，并在黑石礁群体（HS）和石岛群体（SD）中发现明显的遗传混杂现象。AMOVA分析显示遗传变异主要来自于群体内（73.27%）。该研究可为黄渤海地区真江蓠自然资源保护和管理提供科学依据。 相似文献
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海草床是近岸重要的“蓝碳”生态系统，有机负荷升高导致的硫化物胁迫是海草床衰退的重要诱因；外源铁（Fe）的添加可有效改善高有机负荷沉积物中海草的生存状态。本研究在日光温室内，通过向两种不同类型（钙质和硅质）沉积物中添加淀粉（5 g/kg）模拟海草床高有机负荷，同时添加不同量的Fe(II)（0.00、0.05、0.15、0.50 g/kg），探究了泰来草（Thalassia hemprichii）叶片光合色素（Chl a、Chl b、Cx）含量、叶绿素荧光参数（Fm、Fv/Fm、Fv/F0、ΦPSII、ETR）及抗氧化酶（POD、SOD、CAT）活性对Fe添加的响应特点。结果表明，培养过程（30 d）〖JP2〗中，两种类型的沉积物中外源Fe添加均能有效提升泰来草叶片光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光参数水平和抗氧化酶活性，且当Fe（Ⅱ）添加量为0.50 g/kg时效果最优。Fe添加量对间隙水Fe2+浓度、S2-浓度、泰来草叶片光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光参数及抗氧化酶活性均存在极显著（P<0.01）影响，底质类型对Fe2+浓度、抗氧化酶活性存在极显著（P<0.01）影响，底质类型与Fe添加量的交互作用对光合色素含量和抗氧化酶活性存在显著（P0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）影响。总体而言，Fe添加对泰来草光合作用和抗氧化酶活性的影响高于底质类型。本研究表明外源Fe能够有效改善钙质、硅质沉积物中泰来草生理生态指标。 相似文献
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本文通过qPCR方法,研究了我国重要海水鱼类——牙鲆（Paralichthys olivaceus）雌、雄成体组织以及性腺分化期的脑、性腺中gnrh1、gnrh2和gnrh3的表达水平。结果显示,gnrh1分布于所有检测的组织：在脑、垂体、肾脏和肝脏中高表达,在性腺中表达相对较低;gnrh2则在雌、雄性的肝脏以及雄性的肠、肾脏、眼睛和头肾中;而gnrh3只在雄性的肾脏、眼睛和肌肉中检测到微弱表达。人工诱导的牙鲆雌核发育鱼苗分别用17β-雌二醇（E2）和17α-甲基睾酮（MT）处理,使其分化为雌性或雄性个体表型。在性腺分化期的脑中,gnrh1的表达呈现上升趋势,在全长（total length,TL）4 cm鱼苗中,E2组的表达显著高于MT组（P<0.05）;gnrh2在2 cm TL时E2组显著高于MT组（P<0.05）,随后在E2和对照组的表达水平均出现下降趋势;gnrh3在2 cm TL时E2和对照组的表达均显著高于MT组（P<0.05）,自6 cm TL时MT和E2组的表达开始下降。在性腺中,三种gnrh在性腺分化前2 cm TL表达量都相对较高,随后呈现下降趋势。综上,推测牙鲆gnrh1可能参与了性腺分化的启动、分化过程及性腺发育,gnrh2主要参与了性腺分化的启动,gnrh3主要参与了性腺分化的启动和分化过程。 相似文献
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河口有色溶解有机物（colored dissolved organic matter,CDOM）的分布是各种物理-生物地球化学过程共同作用的结果。为实现河口高动态变化CDOM的监测，遥感是一种重要的手段。由珠江口四个不同季节的航次获得的实测数据，本文构建了一个遥感算法以反演CDOM在400 nm的吸收系数（aCDOM （400））。该算法使用以波段反射率比值Rrs （667）/Rrs （443）和Rrs （748）/Rrs （412）为自变量。将构建的算法应用于2002-2014年的MODIS/Aqua数据，本文计算了珠江口不同季节的aCDOM （400）气候态分布。CDOM的分布主要受珠江径流量和区域水下地形特征的影响。沿着垂直于水深梯度的断面，气候态aCDOM （400）呈指数减少（y=aebx,b<0），但不同季节差异很大。珠江口CDOM主要是河流淡水输运而来。其中，富里酸比例随盐度的增加而降低。基于构建的算法、CDOM保守混合方程和径流量，本文由MODIS/Aqua数据进一步估算了2002-2014年夏季和冬季珠江DOC的有效入海浓度和有效入海通量。珠江的有效入海浓度和有效入海通量都与流量存在正相关关系，且在夏季的相关性更明显，R2分别为0.698和0.9657。 相似文献
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探究影响水产养殖动物体质量的关键生物学表型性状组合,进而揭示其体质量增长对策,对指导水产养殖动物的种质甄别与科学养殖具重要现实意义。随机选取象山西沪港海域板式网箱内养殖3个月的褐菖鲉幼鱼同生群个体60尾为研究对象,以全长(X1)、体长(X2)、体宽(X3)、体高(X4)、头宽(X5)、侧线长(X6)、尾柄高(X7)、体质量(BW)、净体质量(NW)、内脏质量(W1)、肠质量(W2)、肝质量(W3)、胃质量(W4)、鳃质量(W5)、心质量(W6)为生物学测定指标,采用多元分析方法定量研究了体尺性状和称量性状对体质量的影响效应。结果表明:(1)经统计,所涉称量性状测定值较体尺性状更显离散,两者变异系数的波动范围分别为38.27%~89.86%和13.86%~17.78%,排序分别为W4>W1>W6>W2>W5>W3>NW>BW和X3>X4>X6>X5>X2>X7>X1;经计算,消化脏器与内脏间的质量比呈W3>W4>W2 (P<0.05);(2)相关分析显示,所涉体尺性状和称量性状均与BW呈极显著相关(P<0.01),两者相关系数波动范围分别为0.414~0.990和0.899~0.961,排序分别为NW>W3>W1>W6>W5>W2>W4和X1>X4>X2>X5>X6>X3>X7;(3)经通径分析,被保留的称量性状组合和体尺性状组合的直接作用排序分别为NW>W3>W2>W4>W6和X4>X5>X6>X7;经决定程度分析和复相关分析,称量性状组合对BW的总决定系数和复相关指数均为0.989,体尺性状组合则均为0.961;(4)经偏回归分析,分别获得了基于称量性状组合和体尺性状组合的BW估算方程。研究结果可为褐菖鲉速生型种质遴选与科学养殖提供参考。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
19.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
20.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献