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含酶防污涂层材料由于良好的环境友好性而受到广泛关注,蛋白酶是含酶防污涂层材料中的关键防污活性酶之一。本文基于海洋微生物产出蛋白酶对海洋环境具有较好的适应性和二氧化硅微球易于在防污涂层中作为填料应用的背景,选择牡蛎表面生物膜分离菌株所产蛋白酶作为防污活性酶,以正硅酸乙酯为原材料,采用反相乳液聚合法制备活性表面纳米二氧化硅微球(NPSiO2),通过3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)对NPSiO2进行氨基化处理,并通过戊二醛将牡蛎源菌株产出蛋白酶共价固定于NPSiO2表面,制备出纳米二氧化硅微球共价固定化蛋白酶(NPSiO2-P)。相对于游离酶,固定化蛋白酶对温度、pH值的适应性明显提高,储存稳定性良好。以典型污损生物贻贝和底栖硅藻为评价生物,考察了固定化蛋白酶的防污性能。研究结果表明,固定化蛋白酶对硅藻、贻贝足丝的附着具有明显的抑制作用,同时可显著降低硅藻在材料表面的附着强度。 相似文献
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合成了3种新型含辣素衍生结构的丙烯酰胺衍生物HMOBA、BMA和HMMBA,通过红外光谱(IR)和核磁波谱(1 HNMR)对其结构进行了表征。抑菌性实验证明了合成的化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均有良好的抑制作用,抑菌效果为BMA>HMOBA>HMMBA,其中BMA的对两种菌的最小抑菌浓度均可达0.062 5mg/mL。以合成的化合物为防污剂制备了海洋防污涂料,186d的实海挂板几乎没有附着任何海洋污损生物。 相似文献
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为寻找天然抗污损活性化合物,以抗硅藻附着活性为导向,采用有机溶剂萃取、半制备高压液相色谱对分离自海绵的芽孢杆菌UST050418-715代谢产物进行分离,纯化抗硅藻附着活性物质,并利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪、核磁共振波谱分析活性物质结构。从菌株UST050418-715代谢产物中分离得到7种具有抗硅藻附着活性的环二肽类化合物,分别鉴定为:(1)环(L-亮氨酸-反式-8-羟基-L-脯氨酸-)、(2)环(L-缬氨酸-L-脯氨酸)、(3)环(D-脯氨酸-L-亮氨酸)、(4)环(L-脯氨酸-D-亮氨酸)、(5)环(甘氨酸-L-脯氨酸)、(6)环(L-苯丙氨酸-顺式-8-羟基-D-脯氨酸-)、(7)环(L-苯丙氨酸-反式-8-羟基-L-脯氨酸-)。说明海绵附生芽孢杆菌UST050418-715代谢产物中存在大量环二肽类化合物,可以帮助宿主海绵实现对硅藻附着的化学防御。 相似文献
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低盐度形成的微生物膜对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为研究环境因子在厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)稚贝附着过程中的调控作用, 作者探讨了低盐度对微生物膜生物构成、群落结构的影响及所形成微生物膜对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的影响。在实验室条件下, 研究微生物膜的日龄与干质量、细菌密度和硅藻密度、叶绿素a含量的关系及其对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的影响。通过DGGE指纹图谱技术对微生物膜中的细菌群落结构多样性进行了分析。研究发现,盐度13和23时形成的微生物膜能有效促进厚壳贻贝稚贝的附着, 且盐度23、28d时稚贝附着率最高, 达到72%。相关性分析表明, 微生物膜的诱导活性与盐度、干质量、细菌密度、硅藻密度、日龄呈显著正相关性, 与叶绿素a无相关性。微生物膜的干质量、附着细菌密度及底栖硅藻密度明显随着日龄的增加而增加, 叶绿素a含量与微生物膜日龄无显著相关性。细菌群落在厚壳贻贝稚贝附着过程中发挥重要调控作用。 相似文献
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电解防污装置在海上油田油气工程中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
开发海上石油必须先扫除两大障碍,即海洋污损生物的附着及金属的海水腐蚀,电解防污法是一种重要的防污与防腐蚀技术,本文简要介绍了电解防污装置的原理,特点及其在海上油气田工程中的应用情况。 相似文献
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以N-羟甲基苯甲酰胺和取代芳烃为原料,合成了N-(3-苯甲酰胺甲基-2-羟基-4,5-二甲基苄基)苯甲酰胺(A)、N-(3-苯甲酰胺甲基-2-羟基-4,6-二甲基苄基)苯甲酰胺(B)、N-(4-苯甲酰胺甲基-2-羟基-3,6-二甲基苄基)苯甲酰胺(C)、N-(3-甲基-5-苯甲酰胺甲基-2-羟基苄基)苯甲酰胺(D)、N-(4-甲基-5-苯甲酰胺甲基-2-羟基苄基)苯甲酰胺(E)、N-(5-苯甲酰胺甲基-2-羟基-3-甲氧基苄基)苯甲酰胺(F)和N-(5-苯甲酰胺甲基-2-甲氧基-4-甲基苄基)苯甲酰胺(G)共7种双苯甲酰胺基取代的类辣素结构化合物。通过红外光谱(IR)和核磁氢谱(1 H NMR)对其结构进行了表征。抑菌试验结果表明化合物F和化合物G对2种受试菌金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑制活性最高,最小抑菌浓度均可达到0.125mg/mL。以该7种化合物为辅助防污剂,复合氧化亚铜制备海洋防污涂料,实海挂板120天后,除含D试片外其余6个试片均表面光洁无污损生物附着,表现出优良的防污性能。 相似文献
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大多数海洋无脊椎动物在发育过程中都经历浮游、底栖附着阶段,厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)作为海洋经济物种与大型污损生物,其附着机制受到广泛关注。为探究海洋细菌与厚壳贻贝附着的互作关系,选取了对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着具有较高诱导活性的海洋细菌—海假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas marina),采用酸解超速离心法提取P. marina的鞭毛蛋白。将提取的鞭毛蛋白与琼脂糖溶液混合,形成凝胶直接刺激稚贝;再用提取的鞭毛蛋白处理P. marina 生物被膜进行稚贝附着实验。通过共聚焦激光扫描分析形成的生物被膜上生物量、细菌密度和胞外产物含量的变化。结果表明:P. marina 鞭毛蛋白与琼脂糖形成的混合凝胶可显著促进厚壳贻贝稚贝的附着;鞭毛蛋白处理的生物被膜对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的诱导活性显著提高;生物被膜上的生物量、细菌密度、膜厚、胞外β-多糖、脂质和蛋白浓度都有所增加。研究表明,鞭毛蛋白可以直接调控厚壳贻贝稚贝的附着,也可通过改变P. marina 生物被膜的生物学特性,间接影响厚壳贻贝稚贝的附着,为探究细菌鞭毛蛋白与厚壳贻贝附着互作机制提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Inhibition of marine bacteria by extracts of macroalgae: potential use for environmentally friendly antifouling paints 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
Hellio C De La Broise D Dufossé L Le Gal Y Bourgougnon N 《Marine environmental research》2001,52(3):231-247
Although a total ban on the use of TBT coatings is not expected in the short term, there is a growing need for environmentally safe antifouling systems. A search for new non-toxic antifoulants has been carried out among marine macroalgae. Antifouling activity of aqueous, ethanolic and dichloromethane extracts from 30 marine algae from Brittany coast (France) was examined in vitro against 35 isolates of marine bacteria. About 20% of the extracts were found to be active. The high levels of inhibitory activities against bacteria recorded in some extracts and the absence of toxicity on the development of oyster and sea urchin larvae and to mouse fibroblast growth suggests a potential for novel active ingredients in antifouling preparations. 相似文献
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Fertilisation and larval metamorphosis of reef-building corals are important life history events leading to recruitment of juvenile corals to reef populations. Little is known of the sensitivity of these early life phases to pollution, or their relative susceptibility to certain toxicants compared with established coral colonies. Inhibition of fertilisation and larval metamorphosis of the coral Acropora millepora (Ehrenberg, 1834) was assessed in response to solutions of the antifoulants tributyltin (TBT) and copper (Cu) using laboratory-based bioassays. Nominal concentrations that inhibited 50% fertilisation and metamorphosis (IC50) were calculated from 4 h fertilisation and 24 h metamorphosis assays and were based on introduced dose. Cu was most potent towards fertilisation with an IC50 of 17.4 micrograms/l. TBT however, proved more toxic to larval metamorphosis having an IC50 of 2.0 micrograms/l. Inert surfaces coated with either Cu- or TBT-based antifouling paint also inhibited fertilisation and metamorphosis. The degree of inhibition was correlated with surface area of the paint coating. These results indicate fertilisation and metamorphosis of coral can be sensitive to active components of antifouling paints. 相似文献
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对从中国江苏连云港海域中筛选出的海洋放线菌ACMA006的发酵产物进行了分离纯化,获得2种抗肿瘤活性化合物,并进一步鉴定其结构．海洋放线菌ACMA006经大规模发酵后,发酵液采用溶剂萃取法提取其中的抗肿瘤活性成分,并利用硅胶柱层析、制备薄层及HPLC等方法对萃取物进行分离得到单体化合物．利用红外光谱、质谱、核磁共振‘H—HMR谱和”C—NMR谱等波谱数据对单体化合物的结构进行解析和鉴定．结果表明化合物B为放线菌素D,其分子式为c62：H86N12016含有2个多肽酯环,由L一苏氨酸、D一缬氨酸、L．脯氨酸、N一甲基甘氨酸和L—N一甲基缬氨酸组成,通过羧基与发色母核吩唾嗪酮相连接．化合物A可能为放线菌素D的衍生物．这是国内外首次从海洋放线菌中分离提取出放线菌素D． 相似文献
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B. A. McKeown 《Marine environmental research》1978,1(2):119-123
Chlorine-labelled Bunker C oil was used to measure the differential accumulation in various fish tissues between a hydrocarbon and a hydrocarbon/oil dispersant mixture. There is an increased movement of the emulsified oil across the gill structure although accumulation by this tissue is similar for both test conditions. The liver and kidney showed significantly higher levels of the oil/dispersant mixture whereas muscle accumulations were less dramatic. The amounts of Bunker C found in the gills, liver and kidney were considerably higher than that found in the muscle. Consideration was given to the varying capability of the blood to carry polar, compared with non-polar, compounds. 相似文献
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INTRODUCTIONBiologicalfoulingonthehullsofshipsandothersubmergedmarinestructurescausesgreatha~s.Inadditiontodecreasingship'sspeed,andincreasingitsfuelconsumption,biologicalfoulingalsoincreasestheweightofnavigationalbuoys,interfereswithoperatingequipmentandsounddevices,clogsseawaterpipingsystems,adverselyaffectsheat-exchangerperformance,andpromotescorrosionofmetalsurface(HuangandCat,1984).UPtothepresent,antifoulingpaintshaveachievedtheireffectivenessbyreleasingattheirsurfacebiocides,allcom… 相似文献
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有机硅涂层表面能对海生物附着的影响 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
随着海洋生态环境保护和防止海洋生物污损的要求,人们试图用具有特殊表面性能的涂层取代有毒涂层来减弱或消除海生物的附着。本文通过对含有机硅防污涂层表面能的测量计算,探讨了涂层表面能各分量对附着生物的影响。实验结果表明,在表面能低色散分量的含有机硅涂层上,随涂层与水的相互作用力分量减小,绿藻和玻璃海鞘的污损增加。 相似文献
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海洋污损生物防除的现状及展望 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
综合论述了污损海洋生物防除的方法与技术,并结合海洋生物学和附着机理研究及生物技术在污损生物防除中应用的最新进展,从经济实用、操作简便、高效环保等方面,探讨了海洋污损生物防治技术与对策及应用发展前景。 相似文献
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Extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) are present externally to the microorganisms and play an important role in attachment and biofilm formation. These polymers possess antibacterial and antifouling activities. In this study, the antifouling activity of EPS produced by an epibiotic bacterium associated with macroalga Ulva lactuca was assessed against fouling bacteria and barnacle larvae. Results indicate that the EPS isolated from the epibiotic bacterium inhibits the biofilm formation of the bacteria without much antibacterial activity. Also, the EPS reduced the settlement of barnacle larvae on the hard substrate under laboratory conditions. The epibiotic bacterium was identified as Kocuria flava based on 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. The EPS was further analysed using Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) to understand the biochemical composition. NMR analysis revealed the presence of polysaccharides, proteins, acetyl amine and succinyl groups. Scanning electron microscope analysis indicated that the EPS consisted of aggregated and irregular sphere-shaped particles. 相似文献
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在以往实验的基础上,跟踪调查了筛选出的化学诱导物质对紫贻贝(Mytilus edulis)幼虫变态后的生长和成活率的影响,并比较了其与相同条件下自然诱导物、微生物膜诱导后的稚贝的生长和成活率.实验结果表明,肾上腺素、苯肾上腺素、可乐宁、KCI和NH_4Cl 5种化学物质均成功地诱导了该种幼虫的变态,其变态后稚贝同微生物诱导变态后的稚贝以相同的速度生长,且在培育过程中无死亡稚贝出现.因此,这些化学物质可作为该种养殖以及海洋防污染研究中幼虫变态的有效人工诱导物. 相似文献