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1.
利用生物信息学方法,从龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)公共核苷酸数据库中筛查到8条含有微卫星DNA的序列,并根据筛查出的微卫星DNA序列设计合成了5对引物,此外还使用了细江蓠的4对已知微卫星DNA引物共9对引物在采集自青岛的26株野生龙须菜个体中进行扩增,结果筛选到2对引物可扩增出具有多态性的产物.然后利用5对龙须菜的微卫星引物对6个龙须菜品系和另外2个种外物种细基江蓠和菊花心江蓠进行系统学分析.根据计算得到的不同样品之间Nei氏遗传相似系数进行聚类分析,显示青岛野生龙须菜QD与栽培品系981、石岛的龙须菜样品SD与龙须岛的龙须菜样品LD之间的遗传相似系数最高,而来自委内瑞拉的龙须菜样品LV与青岛野生龙须菜之间的差异远远高于种内水平的差异. 相似文献
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对龙须菜新品系ZC与栽培品系981、07-2及湛山湾野生四分孢子体的生长速度和总蛋白质含量等生理生化参数进行比较,从而为新品系ZC在栽培产业的开发利用提供理论支持。结果显示,ZC的线性生长速度高达9.89mm/d,比栽培品系981、07-2分别提高16.6%、51.7%,表明ZC相比现有的栽培品系具备较高的生长速度。藻红蛋白含量与981无明显不同,但显著低于07-2,叶绿素a含量则显著低于2个栽培品系;其总蛋白质含量7.21mg/g显著高于其他3个龙须菜材料,可作为一种提供更高蛋白质来源的鲍鱼饵料使用。在光合放氧和呼吸耗氧速率方面,ZC并未与其他龙须菜材料表现出显著差异。另外,由于ZC在外观形态上与栽培品系很难区分,本实验通过分析上述4种龙须菜的RSAP指纹图谱,筛选获得了ZC的特异条带,并将其转化为稳定可靠、特异性高的SCAR标记,用以鉴定龙须菜新品系。 相似文献
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用N-甲基-N′-硝基-N-亚硝基胍（MNNG）对龙须菜配子体进行诱变处理，并筛选出色素突变体。又以真江蓠、细基江篱繁枝变型、龙须菜及其突变体为材料进行了藻胞蛋白的提取、纯化及藻胆蛋白光谱特性的研究。结果表明，江蓠属三个物种藻胆蛋白的含量有明显差异，龙须菜的野生型藻体与突变体之间藻胆蛋白含量的差异比不同物种之间的差异更为显著。江蓠属三个物种中藻胆蛋白的吸收光谱中以藻红蛋白（PE）变化最大：细基江蓠繁枝变型PE的吸收光谱有二峰一肩，属Ⅰ型R-PE，而真江蓠和龙须菜的PE的吸收光谱有三个峰，属Ⅱ型R－PE：龙须菜的不同突变型藻体的吸收光谱也有Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型R－PE之分。不同物种藻蓝蛋白也有R－PC和C－PC的差异，异藻蓝蛋白的吸收光谱及三种藻胆蛋白的荧光发射光谱也略有变化。并以光合进化的观点分析了本文的实验结果。 相似文献
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持续降雨会引起光照强度和海水表层盐度的变化。近年来，受梅雨影响，福建省龙须菜（Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis）栽培产量波动明显。为揭示其原因，本实验设置3个盐度梯度（低盐: 16，中盐: 24，高盐: 32）和两个光强水平［低光: 30 μmol/(m2·s)，高光: 120 μmol/(m2·s)］，共6个不同处理组合，研究其对龙须菜生长和光合特性的影响。结果发现：①盐度、光照强度和二者交互作用对龙须菜的相对生长速率和净光合速率均具有显著影响（P<0.05），适当降低盐度、增加光照有利于提高藻体相对生长速率和净光合速率，同时盐度适当降低条件下藻体呼吸速率被显著抑制；②光照强度和盐度对龙须菜有效光合量子产率、最大相对电子传递速率、光能利用效率均具有显著影响（P<0.05），在光照增加条件下有效光合量子产率和最大相对电子传递速率随盐度增加呈先增加后降低的趋势，光照强度和盐度的交互作用仅对光能利用效率影响不显著（P>0.05）；③盐度对龙须菜的光合色素含量具有显著影响（P<0.05），在同一光强条件下藻体色素随着盐度增加呈先升高后降低的趋势；在盐度适当降低条件下，光照增加显著促进其叶绿素a的合成；盐度和光照强度的交互作用对龙须菜的叶绿素a和藻红蛋白含量具有显著影响（P<0.05）。进一步分析表明：光照充足条件下盐度的适当降低促进藻体光合作用的增强和光合色素合成，进而促进龙须菜的生长；当盐度过低时，龙须菜的生长、光合作用和色素合成均受到明显抑制。结果表明梅雨季节龙须菜栽培产量潜在地取决于光照强度、海水表层盐度及其耦合作用的变化。 相似文献
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藻类的光合色素直接参与藻体的光合作用。因此,分离与鉴定藻体中光合色素的含量,在一定程度上可以反映该藻的光合作用强度,从而推算出藻体在特定条件下所合成的有机物的量。这一点在海洋初级生产力的调查与研究中,显示了它简便准确的独特的优越性。 此外,藻类色素组成的不同,往往可以反映分类学、生态条件的不同和藻类本身对环境 相似文献
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广东南澳岛大型海藻龙须菜与浮游植物对营养盐的竞争利用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
广东南澳岛近海是我国龙须菜养殖的重要基地。为了探究龙须菜养殖对藻华防治的贡献,分别于2016年3月、5月和6月在广东南澳岛北部海域不同养殖功能海区进行采样,研究龙须菜养殖前后海水中营养盐含量和结构的变化,分析不同粒径的浮游生物对有机营养盐的水解利用,探讨龙须菜养殖对浮游植物竞争利用营养盐和生长产生的影响。结果表明,研究海区水质较清洁,无机氮磷含量较低,春季至夏季,随着龙须菜和浮游植物生物量增加,溶解无机磷(dissolved inorganic phosphorus,DIP)浓度不断下降,至6月南澳海区成为磷限制海域。在5月龙须菜生长高峰期,龙须菜养殖区和龙须菜鲍鱼混养区的DIP浓度显著低于鲍鱼区和非养殖区,龙须菜养殖区的叶绿素a浓度明显低于其他区域,亮氨酸氨肽酶(leucine amino peptide,LAP)和碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,AP)活性显著升高,表明龙须菜养殖区浮游植物受到较为明显的营养胁迫。而龙须菜收割后,该养殖区的叶绿素a含量则显著上升,甚至高于其他区域。该结果表明在南澳岛海域,龙须菜养殖通过营养竞争关系(尤其是磷)抑制浮游植物的生长,大规模龙须菜养殖可能有助于抑制有害藻华的发生。 相似文献
8.
通过室内生态学对比实验,研究了龙须菜(Gracilaria limaneiformis)在不同N、P营养盐浓度条件下对重金属Cd<'2+>胁迫的生理响应.结果表明,环境中加入适当浓度的N、P营养盐(N 280 μmol/L、P 56 μmol/L)有利于提高龙须菜光合色素的含量和生长率,同时藻体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)酶活性增高,丙二醛(MDA)含量降低,从而增强了龙须菜对重金属Cd2+抖胁迫的耐受性;而N、P饥饿(N、P均为0 μmol/L)或N、P营养盐浓度过量(N、P分别为216μmol/L、1 620 μmol/L)状态下,龙须菜抗氧化能力下降、脂质过氧化和膜系统受伤害程度加剧,光合色素合成和生长率受到抑制,不利于龙须菜对重金属Cd2+胁迫的生理适应. 相似文献
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本文报道了红藻 Gracilaria lemaneiformis委内瑞拉株的藻红蛋白基因的部分序列 ,将所得序列与其它红藻 - Rhodella violacea,Polysiphonia boldii,Griffithsia monolis,Porphyra tenera,Porphyra yezoensis及青岛产龙须菜的相应序列对齐后 ,进行了系统学研究。结果显示 ,同一属的藻红蛋白 α和 β亚基之间的间隔序列 ,从长度到核苷酸序列均非常相似 ,而同一科不同属或同一目的科间的该序列有很大的不同 ;两不同产地龙须菜的 PE基因在 β亚基上的转换多于颠换 ,说明 β亚基比 α亚基保守 ;委内瑞拉来源龙须菜与青岛产地龙须菜可能不属于同一物种 ,应为同属不同种关系 ;由藻红蛋白基因所得的系统树包括 3个与建立在形态标准上的遗传位置一致的分支 ;藻红蛋白基因序列可用于种间及更高地位的分子系统研究。 相似文献
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龙须菜5.8S rRNA和ITS区的克隆与系统学分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究青岛产龙须菜居群内的遗传多样性和系统学分类,通过对龙须菜居群内不同个体的5.8S rRNA-ITS区(包括ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2)进行PCR扩增和序列分析,得到扩增DNA片段长度均为1 066 bp,包含完整的ITS1(250 bp)、5.8S(159 bp)和ITS2(657 bp);利用GenBank数据库对Cracilaria(江蓠属)和Gracilariopsis属共20个物种的rRNA-ITS相应序列进行了比较和系统进化分析.结果表明,龙须莱和江蓠科19个物种中rRNA的5.8S区的长度和序列非常保守,而ITS区的长度和序列则变异较大,20种江蓠科物种的遗传距离在0.013～0.596之间,龙须菜在5.8S rRNA-ITS区特性上相比江蓠属物种与Gracilariopsis属物种更为相似;采用UPGMA法构建了这20种江蓠科物种的系统发育树;分析结果表明青岛产龙须菜的居群内不存在遗传差异,且应属于Gracilariopsis属,并且在江蓠科中较早分化,而龙须菜处于Gracilariopsis属中比较古老的位置. 相似文献
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Connell SD 《Marine environmental research》2001,52(2):115-125
There remains little understanding of the relationship between the ecologies of urban habitats (pilings and pontoons) and natural habitats (rocky reef) for sessile plants and animals (epibiota) living on urbanised coasts. This study describes the structure of subtidal assemblages of epibiota among pilings, pontoons and adjacent rocky reef in Sydney Harbour, Australia. I tested the prediction that the experimental provision of substrata of the same age and composition in all three habitats would produce assemblages that: (1) differed among all three habitats; and (2) differed most on floating pontoons relative to the two fixed habitats (pilings and reef). As predicted, the results suggested that both pilings and pontoons, particularly the latter, create novel habitats for epibiotic assemblages independent of age and composition of substratum. It is not fully understood why these urban structures act as such different habitats from natural rocky reefs. The important point is that they are different and we are yet to understand the implications of this for the ecology of coastal areas subject to urbanisation. 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2007,54(8):1221-1230
Otoliths of pre-recruit orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) were sampled from different deep-water habitats (‘flat’ and ‘hill’) and areas (north and south) on the Porcupine Bank. Age-based profiles for stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) in these otoliths were developed, which provide a fish life-history record of water depth and metabolic activity. These profiles were consistent among all individuals implying endogenous (ontogenic) influences on the pattern. The data indicate that post-larval orange roughy are mesopelagic active foragers, early juvenile fish move into a low energy deep-demersal phase, and older pre-recruit orange roughy assume the habitat depth and metabolic rate typical of adults. Comparison of otolith stable isotope profiles among areas and habitats on the Porcupine Bank suggest that juvenile orange roughy from South ‘hill’ and ‘flat’ habitats experience differing temperature and metabolic status at certain life stages. This may reflect oceanographic and ecological divergence between the two environments and suggests fine-scale population structure that may reduce resilience to exploitation. 相似文献
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Valter Amaral Henrique N. Cabral Stuart Jenkins Stephen Hawkins José Paula 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009
Estuarine and nearshore marine areas are vital habitats for several fish and benthic invertebrates. The shore crab Carcinus maenas (Crustacea: Brachyura: Portunidae) inhabits a variety of coastal, estuarine and lagoon habitats. At low tide, habitat structural complexity may be most important for crabs in the intertidal, providing refuge from predation and desiccation. The quality of different vegetated and nonvegetated estuarine and rocky shore habitats in SW Portugal and SW England was evaluated for intertidal C. maenas populations. We estimated population density, size–structure, and potential growth (RNA/DNA ratios) to investigate habitat quality. Vegetated estuarine habitats supported higher crab densities, than nonvegetated estuarine and rocky shore habitats. Investigation of population size–structure revealed that all habitats seem important recruitment and nursery areas although estuarine habitats in SW Portugal appeared to support higher densities of new recruits than equivalent habitats in SW England. Significant variation was found in RNA/DNA ratios among habitats. Ratios were highest in the rocky shore suggesting a high quality habitat where growth potential is high. We speculate that competition from other top-predators (Pachygrapsus spp.) rather than low habitat quality may limit the occurrence of C. maenas in intertidal rocky shore habitats in SW Portugal. In estuarine environments RNA/DNA ratios were significantly higher in the vegetated than in the nonvegetated estuarine habitats in SW Portugal but not in SW England, suggesting geographic differences in the extent to which highly structure habitats represent high quality. Our results challenge the current paradigm that structured habitats are necessarily those of higher quality for C. maenas. 相似文献
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Erik E. Cordes Marina R. Cunha Joëlle Galéron Camilo Mora Karine Olu-Le Roy Myriam Sibuet Saskia Van Gaever Ann Vanreusel & Lisa A. Levin 《Marine Ecology》2010,31(1):51-65
Cold seeps are among the most heterogeneous of all continental margin habitats. Abiotic sources of heterogeneity in these systems include local variability in fluid flow, geochemistry, and substrate type, which give rise to different sets of microbial communities, microbial symbiont-bearing foundation species, and associated heterotrophic species. Biogenic habitats created by microbial mats and the symbiotic species including vesicomyid clams, bathymodiolin mussels, and siboglinid tubeworms add an additional layer of complexity to seep habitats. These forms of habitat heterogeneity result in a variety of macrofaunal and meiofaunal communities that respond to changes in structural complexity, habitat geochemistry, nutrient sources, and interspecific interactions in different ways and at different scales. These responses are predicted by a set of theoretical metacommunity models, the most appropriate of which for seep systems appears to be the 'species sorting' concept, an extension of niche theory. This concept is demonstrated through predictable patterns of community assembly, succession, and beta-level diversity. These processes are described using a newly developed analytical technique examining the change in the slope of the species accumulation curve with the number of habitats examined. The diversity response to heterogeneity has a consistent form, but quantitatively changes at different seep sites around the world as the types of habitats present and the size-classes of fauna analyzed change. The increase in beta diversity across seep habitat types demonstrates that cold seeps and associated biogenic habitats are significant sources of heterogeneity on continental margins globally. 相似文献
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《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,66(1-2):97-110
In the tropics and sub-tropics, estuarine environments with mangrove and seagrass habitats provide important structures and resources for diverse communities of benthic organisms. However, temperate estuarine habitats, especially in mangrove areas, may differ significantly in their community associations and interactions. The community composition of benthic macro-fauna was investigated within temperate Matapouri Estuary, northern New Zealand. The density and distribution of fauna were sampled within six distinctive habitats (mangrove stands, pneumatophore zones, Zostera beds, channels, banks, and sand flats), within four sampling events between December 2002 and September 2003. Each type of habitat was replicated seven times within different locations in the estuary. Counts of all infauna and epifauna within four replicate cores were recorded from each habitat and location. Multidimensional scaling plots were used to identify differences in structure and composition of assemblages among habitats and locations within each sampling event. Results from these benthic samples indicate that Matapouri Estuary has a high overall biodiversity, with distinctive faunal assemblages found within different habitats, and some seasonal variations also apparent. In terms of both number of individuals and taxa per unit area, seagrass beds had the highest numbers and mangrove areas had the lowest numbers, with all other habitats in between. Some locations were found to support a high diversity of organisms across habitats, while other locations had high densities of a few species only. Several physical and biological differences between tropical/sub-tropical and New Zealand's temperate mangrove habitats are put forth as potential reasons for the lower density and diversity of the benthic component observed herein. Further ongoing studies aim to elucidate the structure and interactions within food webs in this estuarine ecosystem. 相似文献
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Elucidation of important nursery habitats for young fish can aid in the management and assessment of fish stocks. Herring (Clupea harengus) in the Baltic Sea primarily spawn in coastal areas, but larvae are also present in off-shore, open sea areas. To investigate if sheltered coastal habitats provide a better growth environment for larval herring, we compared short-term growth (as indexed by whole body RNA:DNA ratios) of larval herring from three habitat types of the northwest Baltic proper (sheltered inner bay, exposed outer bay, and open sea). In addition, we compared individual RNA content of adult female Eurytemora affinis (a common Baltic copepod) among these different habitats. High RNA levels in these copepods indicate high production of nauplii, which are important food for larval herring. Both RNA:DNA ratios of larval herring and RNA content of E. affinis were significantly greater in embayment habitats, suggesting that the sheltered coastal areas are high quality nursery habitats for young Baltic herring. 相似文献
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Sediment depth and habitat as predictors of the diversity and composition of sediment bacterial communities in an inter‐tidal estuarine environment 
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下载免费PDF全文 Daniel F. R. Cleary Francisco J. R. C. Coelho Vanessa Oliveira Newton C. M. Gomes Ana R. M. Polónia 《Marine Ecology》2017,38(2)
Saltmarshes, seagrass meadows and mudflats are key habitats in estuarine ecosystems. Despite being involved in key ecological processes, the influence of different estuarine habitats on sediment bacterial communities remains understudied. Few studies have analysed and compared the bacterial communities of more than one estuarine habitat at different depths. Here, we investigated to what extent different habitats (mudflats; mono‐specific plots of seagrass [Zostera noltei] and two saltmarsh plants [Juncus maritimus and Spartina maritima]) and sampling depth (0, 5, 10 cm) influence variation in sediment bacterial composition. Our results showed significant differences in the abundance of selected higher taxa amongst habitats and depths. Surface sediment was characterized by bacteria assigned to the Acidimicrobiia, Flavobacteriia, Thiotrichales, Alteromonadales and Rhodobacterales, whereas in deeper sediment Deltaproteobacteria and Anaerolineae were dominant. Juncus sediment, in turn, presented the most distinct bacterial community, with Myxococcales abundant in this habitat. Sampling depth and habitat proved significant predictors of variation in sediment bacterial composition. The compositional dissimilarities amongst habitats and depths suggest functional divergence and complementarity, thus enhancing ecosystem functioning and health. Given the compositionally distinct communities found in different habitats and depths, our study corroborates the importance of conserving a diverse array of estuarine habitats. 相似文献
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The present study aims to evaluate if invasion of Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea can affect both alpha and beta diversity in Mediterranean coastal system. The following hypotheses were tested: (i) measures of alpha diversity differ between invaded and non-invaded assemblages (ii) this pattern is consistent between different habitats, (iii) assemblages from habitats which are naturally very different tend to be more similar when invaded compared to non-invaded situations. Results showed that Mediterranean benthic assemblages invaded by C. racemosa var. cylindracea were characterized by lower values of alpha diversity than non-invaded assemblages; moreover, differences between deep (25 m) and shallow water (5m) assemblages appeared lower in invaded than in non-invaded areas, with a decrease of beta diversity. This homogenisation of habitats was related to a lack of several characteristic species and to a higher abundance of few opportunistic species in invaded areas, particularly turf-forming algae. Moreover, variability in taxa composition was lower in invaded than in non-invaded assemblages in both habitats. 相似文献
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射阳河口互花米草入侵对大型底栖动物群落的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2008年11月至2009年10月,在盐城自然保护区射阳河口滩涂分别于潮间带、潮上带和潮沟中设置互花米草区与非米草区2类对照样地(共6类生境),按月份取样来研究大型底栖动物群落特征的差异,探讨互花米草入侵对底栖动物的影响。共发现大型底栖动物22种,隶属3门4纲17科,其中软体动物13种,节肢动物6种,环节动物3种。米草区和非米草区的物种组成不同,各生境在不同月份大型底栖动物的物种数、密度、生物量和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均在不断波动,在潮间带上述指标均为In>Ig,潮上带除密度外均为Sn>Sg,潮沟边滩除个别月份外均为Cg>Cn;3类互花米草生境中大型底栖动物群落各项指标月间变动趋势基本一致(仅个别月份例外),均表现为Cg>Sg>Ig,互花米草生境存在共同的优势种,但数量有一定的差异。分别对潮间带、潮上带和潮沟中互花米草区与非米草区2类对照样地的物种数、密度、生物量以及Shannon-Weiner多样性指数H’进行生境-月份间无重复双因素方差分析,结果显示潮间带2类对照样地各项指标在生境间差异均极显著,月份间差异均不显著;潮上带2类对照样地各项指标生境间存在极其显著的差异(除密度外),月份间差异显著(除多样性外);潮沟2类对照样地生境间差异显著(除生物量外),月份间差异均显著。研究结果表明不同生境中的互花米草对底栖动物的影响不甚相同:潮间带互花米草的入侵降低了大型底栖动物的物种数、密度、生物量和多样性;潮沟米草的入侵提高了大型底栖动物的物种数、密度和多样性;而潮上带米草入侵对大型底栖动物的各指标影响不一。 相似文献