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1.
热液流体中溶解态铁是海水原位测量的重要参数之一。本研究采用Ferene分光光度法,搭建流动注射分析系统,优化进样条件、显色条件,实现了热液流体中溶解态铁的在线测定。结果表明,测定Fe(II)时,Ferene、缓冲液浓度分别为8×10–3、0.4 mol/L,Ferene、样品流速分别为0.8、0.6 m L/min,显色盘管长度为40 cm时,方法的灵敏度、检测限最佳;测定Fe(III)时,Ferene、缓冲液、抗坏血酸浓度分别为1×10–2、0.5、0.01 mol/L,Ferene/抗坏血酸、样品流速均为1.0 m L/min,还原、显色盘管长度均为40 cm时,方法的灵敏度、检测限最佳。最佳实验条件下,Fe(II)、Fe(III)在0.2~10μmol/L和0.5~16μmol/L范围内,工作曲线回归方程分别为A=0.0834 C+0.0564(μmol/L,n=8,R2=0.997)和A=0.0478C+0.0423(μmol/L,n=8,R2=0.997)。Fe(II)、Fe(III)检测限分别为24、39 nmol/L,相对标准偏差分别为0.8%、1.2%(n=10),加标回收率为97.9%~103.0%。共存离子实验表明,流体中的Na+、Mn2+、Cu2+、Cu+不会对测量造成干扰。 相似文献
2.
2021年3月对长江口及其邻近海域9个断面溶解氨基酸(THAA)、溶解有机碳(DOC)和溶解有机氮(DON)的分布和组成进行了调查研究。结果表明:THAA的浓度范围为1.24~4.71μmol/L,平均浓度为(2.61±0.85)μmol/L;DOC的浓度范围为118.17~450.58μmol/L,平均浓度为(149.73±33.34)μmol/L;DON的浓度范围为10.48~24.45μmol/L,平均浓度为(13.80±1.81)μmol/L。THAA、DOC和DON的水平分布表现出近岸高于远岸的特点,表明陆源输入对调查区域的THAA等分布有重要影响。而THAA与D-天门冬氨酸、D-谷氨酸、D-丝氨酸和D-丙氨酸的D/L比均呈显著负相关,与天门冬氨酸/β-丙氨酸(Asp/β-Ala)呈正相关,表明细菌活动是影响THAA浓度变化的重要因素。长江口及邻近海域的优势氨基酸为L型氨基酸,D型氨基酸和非蛋白型氨基酸的占比仅为7.34%。基于C/N比值分析,长江口及其邻近海域溶解有机物(DOM)的来源受到长江冲淡水和台湾暖流的共同影响。THAA-C%、THAA-N%、降解因子和反应活性指数表明:水平方向上盐度接近于0的淡水区域和盐度高于34的远海区域降解程度较高;垂直方向上随着深度的增加,有机物的降解程度逐渐升高。调查区域有机物的降解程度主要受到陆源输入和细菌活动的影响。 相似文献
3.
用高效液相色谱法对2010-10在胶州湾15个站位获取的表层海水样品中低分子量有机酸(LMWOAs)进行了定性、定量分析。结果表明,高效液相色谱法能够在胶州湾表层海水中检测到3种典型的低分子量有机酸,分别为乳酸、乙酸和甲酸,这3种酸的总浓度(TOA)的变化范围为18.02～24.66μmol.L-1,平均浓度为20.95±1.95μmol.L-1;乳酸、乙酸和甲酸浓度变化范围分别为1.72～11.11,4.47～17.98,2.89～6.04μmol.L-1,平均浓度分别为(3.25±2.25),(12.77±2.94),(4.90±1.27)μmol.L-1,乙酸的平均浓度显著高于甲酸和乳酸。总体而言,3种酸的分布呈现近岸高、远岸低的趋势,人类活动是胶州湾有机酸的主要来源并且对LMWOAs的分布有决定性的影响。分析了溶解有机碳(DOC)、叶绿素a(Chl-a)的浓度分布以及它们与LMWOAs之间的关系。DOC的浓度变化范围为140.25～197.50μmol.L-1,平均浓度为(161.22±17.67)μmol.L-1;Chl-a的浓度变化范围为0.70～1.45μmol.L-1,平均浓度为(0.91±0.28)μmol.L-1。发现TOA浓度与TOA/DOC之间存在一定的相关性,TOA浓度与Chl-a浓度缺少相关性,表明生物活动对胶州湾LMWOAs的影响不明显。 相似文献
4.
基于中国第30次南极科学考察在南极半岛(60°~63°S)近岸海域获取的调查资料,分析了该海域生物化学要素中溶解有机碳(DOC)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)分布特征并讨论地形和水团对其的影响。结果表明:2014年夏季南极半岛近岸海域水体DOC浓度变化范围为40.5~78.1μmol/L,平均浓度为66.3μmol/L;TN浓度变化范围为4.2~29.5μmol/L,平均浓度为14.9μmol/L;TP浓度变化范围为0.8~2.9μmol/L,平均浓度为2.0μmol/L。表层DOC呈现研究海域西北部D1断面和东南部D5断面浓度较高,中部DOC浓度较低;表层TN与TP浓度高值区出现在研究海域西部D1断面北部以及南部,中部和东部浓度较低;DOC,TN和TP浓度的垂直分布与海底地形和水团交汇密切相关,水团运动受阻于地形致使生物化学要素在垂直方向再分布。DOC,TN和TP空间分布反映了南极半岛近岸海域生物化学要素复杂的流通,将为合理开发和利用南极资源及环境影响评价提供科学依据。 相似文献
5.
秋季东海溶解态和颗粒态氨基酸的组成与分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对2012年秋季中国东海31个站位的海水样品中溶解态氨基酸(THAA)和颗粒态氨基酸(PAA)的组成与分布进行了研究。结果表明:表层海水中溶解游离氨基酸(DFAA)的平均浓度为(0.12±0.04)μmol/L(0.06—0.19μmol/L),溶解结合氨基酸(DCAA)的平均浓度为(0.61±0.51)μmol/L(0.15—1.79μmol/L),PAA的平均浓度为(0.11±0.06)μmol/L(0.02—0.27μmol/L)。THAA的水平分布特点大致为近岸高、远岸低;PAA的水平分布特点是近岸海域向远海海域分布呈现逐渐减小的趋势。THAA的垂直分布特点是由表层向底层逐渐降低。DCAA、PAA与chl a有很好的相关性,而DFAA与chl a的相关性不明显。东海表层海水中THAA的主要组分是天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸、甘氨酸、苏氨酸及丙氨酸,PAA的主要组分是天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸及亮氨酸。在表层海水中氨基酸是作为一个整体而对海洋生物地球化学过程产生影响的。 相似文献
6.
研究了夏季东海海水中和大气中一氧化碳(CO)的浓度分布、海-气通量和表层海水中CO的微生物消耗。夏季东海大气中CO的体积分数范围为63×10-9~120×10-9,平均值为87×10-9(SD=18×10-9,n=37),呈现出近岸高,远海低和北高南低的特点。夏季东海表层海水中CO的浓度范围为0.24~5.51nmol/L,平均值为1.48nmol/L(SD=1.46,n=37),CO的浓度受太阳辐射影响明显;CO在垂直分布上表现出浓度随深度增加迅速减小的特征,浓度最大值出现在表层。调查期间表层海水中CO相比大气处于过饱和状态,过饱和系数变化范围为3.65~113.55,平均值为23.63(SD=24.56,n=37),这表明调查海域是大气中CO的源。CO的海-气通量变化范围为0.25~78.50μmol/(m2·d),平均值为9.97μmol/(m2·d)(SD=14.92,n=37)。在CO的微生物消耗培养实验中,CO的浓度随时间增长呈指数降低,消耗过程表现出一级反应的特点,速率常数KCO范围为0.043~0.32/h,平均值为0.18/h(SD=0.088,n=9),KCO与盐度之间存在负相关关系。 相似文献
7.
2006年12月在海南省东北部河流万泉河和文昌河以及周边的红树林和珊瑚礁体系采集水样,测定其溶解有机碳(DOC)和颗粒有机碳(POC)的含量.结果表明,万泉河水体中DOC和POC的平均浓度分别为139.3和39.7μmol·L-1;文昌河水体中DOC和POC的平均浓度则为133.0和47.4μmol·L-1,其周边红树林水体DOC和POC的平均浓度分别为214.1和27.9μmol·L-1;珊瑚礁周边水体DOC和POC的平均浓度分别为66.3和22.41μmol·L-1.文昌河周边的养殖活动及红树林水体对该河流中的高DOC和POC可能有显著贡献,且文昌河POC%与TSM浓度均呈显著负相关(R2=0.71,n=9).万泉河、文昌河和珊瑚礁周边水体POC/Chl a的比值分别介于72-312、43-196、122.5-334.估算浮游植物对万泉河、文昌河和珊瑚礁周边水体POC的贡献量分别为34%、45%、38%. 相似文献
8.
氮浓度对盐生杜氏藻和纤细角毛藻叶绿素荧光特性及生长的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在温度为(23±1)℃,盐度为31,光照强度为5000lx的条件下,用含有不同氮浓度(0μmol/L,55μmol/L,440μmol/L,880μmol/L,1760μmol/L,7040μmol/L)的培养基对中国海洋大学微藻种质库保存的盐生杜氏藻(Dunaliella salina)和纤细角毛藻(Chaetoceros gracilis)进行培养,研究两种微藻在一次性培养过程中,不同氮浓度对其PSⅡ最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、叶绿素含量以及细胞密度的影响。单因子方差分析结果表明,氮浓度对两种微藻的光合作用及生长均有显著影响(P<0.05)。两种微藻的Fv/Fm比值、叶绿素含量以及细胞密度均随着起始氮浓度的增加而增加,在1760μM时达到最大值,其后随着起始氮浓度的增加,上述指标反而下降。多重比较结果表明,盐藻和纤细角毛藻进行光合作用和生长的最适氮浓度都为1760μmol/L。。 相似文献
9.
黄河下游营养盐浓度季节变化及其入海通量研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
2001年3月～2002年2月期间在黄河下游采集溶解及颗粒态营养盐样品,分析了黄河径流中各形态的营养盐的浓度及其月动态,估算此时段内黄河的营养盐入海通量。研究发现,溶解无机氮是溶解总氮的主要存在形式,硝酸盐是黄河中氮的最主要存在形态,其季节变化与水量变化趋势相反,年平均含量为(260.6±84.0)μmol/L,显著高于世界其它河流,为世界背景值(7.14μmol/L)的20多倍;黄河中磷主要以颗粒态存在,颗粒态磷含量变化规律与SPM的分布一致,其年平均含量为(16.2±22.9)μmol/L,磷酸盐含量较低,年平均含量为(0.42±0.20)μmol/L,与世界河流的平均水平相当。硅酸盐年平均含量为(122.0±18.2)μmol/L。每年约有17 200 t的总氮和1 600 t的总磷输入渤海,氮通量表现出在春季3月较高;磷通量在9月出现最高值,春季3,4月也较高;硅酸盐通量在3月出现最高值。 相似文献
10.
《海洋通报》2021,(5)
长江口外潮汐混合和低盐度羽流形成的泥沙锋和羽状锋对浮游植物与环境因子的空间分布具有重要控制作用。本研究依据2019年夏季长江口及邻近海域典型断面叶绿素a (Chl-a)浓度和环境因子的调查结果,以锋面为边界,探讨了不同区域Chl-a浓度与环境因子的分布特征及相互关系,以期深入了解锋面的生态效应。结果表明,在泥沙锋以内的近岸区域,水体垂直混合均匀;受长江径流输入和泥沙锋"屏障"作用影响,总悬浮物(TSM)和营养盐浓度最高,其中TSM为220.0±275.3 mg/L,溶解无机氮(DIN)、溶解无机磷(DIP)和溶解硅酸盐(DSi)分别可以达到94.7±21.2μmol/L、0.85±0.33μmol/L和95.3±22.6μmol/L;高浓度TSM引起显著的光限制效应,导致Chl-a浓度较低(1.7±0.5μg/L)。在羽状锋以外的区域,出现垂直层化现象;表层海水的TSM和营养盐显著降低,其中TSM为5.1 mg/L,DIN、DIP和DSi分别为1.0μmol/L、0.03μmol/L和2.4μmol/L;Chl-a浓度受到营养盐供应不足的影响,浓度仅为0.2μg/L。高浓度的Chl-a (7.5±4.1μg/L)主要出现在泥沙锋和羽状锋之间的过渡区域,该区域营养盐得到长江径流与上升流的补充;同时,由于大量TSM在泥沙锋快速沉降,缓解了水体的光限制效应,有利于浮游植物的生长和积累。研究结果验证了泥沙锋和羽状锋对TSM与营养盐的重要控制作用,这对于理解长江口及邻近海域藻类灾害高发区的成因具有科学参考价值。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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18.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
19.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
20.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献