共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
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以莱州湾为例,基于GIS和地理空间模拟框架,结合海洋生态红线区分布,建立了海域使用活动对海洋生态环境的潜在压力评估模型,空间量化评估多种海域使用活动对海洋生态环境的潜在影响。结果显示,多种海域使用活动的潜在压力总体呈近岸高于远岸、湾顶>东部>西部的分布特征;压力高值区集中于距岸10 km以内海域和5 m水深以内海域;海洋特别保护区、海洋自然保护区及重要河口生态系统等类型的海洋生态红线区受到开放式养殖、围海养殖、盐业用海活动的压力较大,需要对其进行重点监控。研究揭示了莱州湾海域使用活动对海洋生态环境潜在压力的空间分布格局,为海洋生态红线落地实施和海域使用管理提供决策依据。 相似文献
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山东半岛近岸海域生态系统健康综合评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了构建基于多指标体系的生态系统健康评价方法,作者在调研了大量国内外文献的基础上,通过实证研究和量化分析,对山东半岛近岸海域生态系统健康的现状做出了较为客观的评价。在综合考虑影响海洋生态系统健康的各种因素的基础上,构建了山东半岛近岸海域生态系统健康评价指标体系,从陆源压力、水质状态和生物响应3个方面对山东半岛近岸海域生态系统健康和环境压力进行分析。结果显示:2006年山东半岛近岸海域生态健康状况基本呈现由外海到近岸逐渐变差的态势,其中生态健康状况较差的海域主要集中在莱州湾西南部、烟台北部海域、威海的沿岸海域以及山东半岛东南部海域。 相似文献
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根据2009-2011年对广西钦州湾海域的综合调查结果,采用《近岸海洋生态健康评价指南》中的河口及海湾生态系统健康评价方法对该海域的生态系统健康状况进行评价与分析。结果显示,水环境健康指数、沉积环境健康指数、生物残毒健康指数、栖息地健康指数、生物健康指数分别为14.61,9.93,9.00,7.50,13.38,海域生态系统健康指数为54.42。表明,钦州湾近岸海域水环境和沉积环境都处于健康状态,未受生物残毒污染,而栖息地和生物指标分别处于不健康状态。综合5类评价因子的评价结果,判定该海域生态环境处于亚健康状态。 相似文献
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海洋生态系统累积影响评估是科学认知该系统对外界扰动响应与反馈规律的生态学方法。为了探索和揭示其中的内在规律,本文以我国部分近陆海域为研究范围,选取海洋渔业、海洋航运、陆源及近海、气候变化4种类型下的16个生态压力因子,通过空间量化和标准化,在1 km×1 km空间格栅尺度下,针对研究范围内9种海洋生境类型,进行了累积暴露度和累积影响度评估。结果显示:研究海域累积暴露度总体呈现近岸高于远海,并向外海一侧逐步递减;陆源污染、渔业捕捞对近岸海域生态系统影响度较大,总体来看气候变化影响度最大;我国近海分别有22.8%和7.6%的海域受影响程度较高和极高,其中长三角海域受人类活动影响度最高。 相似文献
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归纳了海洋生态系统及其服务功能的概念内涵,针对近海生态系统提供的功能进行了讨论。总结了关于海洋生态系统服务的价值评价方法并对其进行分类汇总,按照千年生态系统评估报告的分类标准,将生态系统功能分成四大类,分别为:供给功能、调节功能、文化功能和支持功能,在此基础上得出海洋生态系统综合评价的指标并将各类生态系统价值化,为以后的海洋生态价值评估工作提供科学依据和数据支持。 相似文献
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天津近岸海域生态环境健康评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以2004 - 2005年对天津市近岸海域海洋生态环境状况 4 次监测获得的资料为基础,利用"河口及海湾生态系统生态环境健康评价方法"对监测海域的海洋生态环境健康状况进行了评价.结果显示:除沉积物环境和生物残毒指标监测项目评价结果显示处于健康状态外,虽然水环境评价结果为健康,但部分海域水环境严重恶化,主要污染物为无机氮;海洋生物质量生物指标已处于亚健康状态的底线;栖息地环境为不健康,主要是由于滨海湿地的大量减少和大量海岸工程建设造成的.综合以上 5 类评价因子的评价结果最终判定:天津市近岸海域的生态环境处于亚健康状态,而且生态环境质量仍然存在着进一步恶化的趋势. 相似文献
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象山港海湾生态系统服务价值评估 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在以建设海洋牧场为主要策略修复海湾资源与环境的背景下,基于象山港海湾生态系统的基本特征,采用市场价格法、替代成本法、收益转移法等评估方法,构建了海湾生态系统服务价值评估框架,对供给、调节、文化3类服务10项子服务进行货币化评估.结果表明：2010年象山港海湾生态系统服务价值的总量约为27.16×108元/a,单位面积海域生态系统服务的价值约为482.16×104元/（km2·a）;供给服务总体比例较高,占62.83%,体现了维持渔业资源稳定持续供给的重要性;文化服务其次,占25.31%,调节服务比例偏低占11.86%,对控制非点源污染、改善生境条件提出了迫切需求.研究表明评估结果尚属偏低的保守值,有待于进一步完善,并探讨分析建设海洋牧场所起到的积极作用,对持续动态的价值评估与适应性管理提出展望. 相似文献
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为揭示热带海域围填海造地的海洋生态系统服务功能价值损失,选取海南洋浦围填海造地海域,建立了围填海造地的海洋生态系统服务功能价值损失评估方法,并对海南洋浦围填海造地的海洋生态系统服务功能价值损失进行了评估。结果表明:海南洋浦围填海造地占用海域面积650hm2,由此造成海洋生态系统服务功能价值损失84.35亿元,其中物质供给功能价值损失71.65亿元,占84.94%,环境调节功能价值损失6.11亿元,占7.25%,文化娱乐功能价值损失5.91亿元,占7.01%,服务支持功能价值损失0.68亿元,占0.81%。在具体服务功能类型上,海域人工养殖生产功能、自然海域渔业生产功能和旅游休闲娱乐功能占洋浦经济开发区围填海造地的生态系统服务功能价值损失总量的91.82%。 相似文献
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Melissa M. Foley Benjamin S. Halpern Fiorenza Micheli Matthew H. Armsby Margaret R. Caldwell Caitlin M. Crain Erin Prahler Nicole Rohr Deborah Sivas Michael W. Beck Mark H. Carr Larry B. Crowder J. Emmett Duffy Sally D. Hacker Karen L. McLeod Stephen R. Palumbi Charles H. Peterson Helen M. Regan Mary H. Ruckelshaus Paul A. Sandifer Robert S. Steneck 《Marine Policy》2010
The declining health of marine ecosystems around the world is evidence that current piecemeal governance is inadequate to successfully support healthy coastal and ocean ecosystems and sustain human uses of the ocean. One proposed solution to this problem is ecosystem-based marine spatial planning (MSP), which is a process that informs the spatial distribution of activities in the ocean so that existing and emerging uses can be maintained, use conflicts reduced, and ecosystem health and services protected and sustained for future generations. Because a key goal of ecosystem-based MSP is to maintain the delivery of ecosystem services that humans want and need, it must be based on ecological principles that articulate the scientifically recognized attributes of healthy, functioning ecosystems. These principles should be incorporated into a decision-making framework with clearly defined targets for these ecological attributes. This paper identifies ecological principles for MSP based on a synthesis of previously suggested and/or operationalized principles, along with recommendations generated by a group of twenty ecologists and marine scientists with diverse backgrounds and perspectives on MSP. The proposed four main ecological principles to guide MSP—maintaining or restoring: native species diversity, habitat diversity and heterogeneity, key species, and connectivity—and two additional guidelines, the need to account for context and uncertainty, must be explicitly taken into account in the planning process. When applied in concert with social, economic, and governance principles, these ecological principles can inform the designation and siting of ocean uses and the management of activities in the ocean to maintain or restore healthy ecosystems, allow delivery of marine ecosystem services, and ensure sustainable economic and social benefits. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2014
Sustainable development depends on maintaining ecosystem services which are concentrated in coastal marine and estuarine ecosystems. Analyses of the science needed to manage human uses of ecosystem services have concentrated on terrestrial ecosystems. Our focus is on the provision of multidisciplinary data needed to inform adaptive, ecosystem-based approaches (EBAs) for maintaining coastal ecosystem services based on comparative ecosystem analyses. Key indicators of pressures on coastal ecosystems, ecosystem states and the impacts of changes in states on services are identified for monitoring and analysis at a global coastal network of sentinel sites nested in the ocean-climate observing system. Biodiversity is targeted as the “master” indicator because of its importance to a broad spectrum of services. Ultimately, successful implementation of EBAs will depend on establishing integrated, holistic approaches to ocean governance that oversee the development of integrated, operational ocean observing systems based on the data and information requirements specified by a broad spectrum of stakeholders for sustainable development. Sustained engagement of such a spectrum of stakeholders on a global scale is not feasible. The global coastal network will need to be customized locally and regionally based on priorities established by stakeholders in their respective regions. The E.U. Marine Strategy Framework Directive and the U.S. Recommendations of the Interagency Ocean Policy Task Force are important examples of emerging regional scale approaches. The effectiveness of these policies will depend on the co-evolution of ocean policy and the observing system under the auspices of integrated ocean governance. 相似文献
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海洋生态系统服务的分类与计量 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
通过界定海洋生态系统服务的概念和内涵以及分析其组成结构、生态过程及生物多样性等服务的来源,详细描述了海洋生态系统所提供的食品供给、原材料供给、基因资源、气候调节、空气质量调节、水质净化调节、有害生物与疾病的生物调节与控制、干扰调节、精神文化服务、知识扩展服务、旅游娱乐服务、初级生产、物质循环、生物多样性和提供生境等15项服务。根据这些服务的相似作用与性质,参照千年生态系统评估的分类体系,进一步归纳为供给服务、调节服务、文化服务以及支持服务这4大基本服务类型。同时,也对各项服务的内容、表现特征和计量特征进行了描述。海洋生态系统服务不仅是海洋管理的核心内容,提高和维持海洋生态系统服务更是海洋管理的最终目标。 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2016
Management of tropical reef ecosystems under pressure from terrestrial and extractive marine activities is not straightforward, especially when the interests of extractive and non-extractive marine resource sectors compete. Before implementing management actions, potential outcomes of alternative management strategies can be evaluated in order to avoid adverse or unintended consequences. In tropical reef ecosystems the continued existence of the cultural and recreational fishing activities and the economically important dive-based tourism and recreation industry rest on sustainably managed marine resources. Through a case study of Guam, an ecosystem model was linked with human behavior models for participation in fishing and diving to evaluate future socio-ecological impacts of different management options. Ecosystem indices for reef status and resilience, and extraction potential were identified to evaluate the performance of alternative management scenarios. These marine ecosystem indices link the natural system to human uses (fishing and dive-based tourism and recreation). Evaluating management scenarios indicate that applying a single management tool, such as input controls or marine preserves, without also managing the watershed, is suboptimal. Combining different management tools has negative near-term costs, particularly for the fishing sector, but these are likely to be outweighed by the long-term benefits obtained from greater species abundance. Adopting watershed management measures in addition to fishery regulations distributes the burden for improving the reef status across multiple sectors that contribute to reef pressures. 相似文献
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Heather Tallis Sarah E. LesterMary Ruckelshaus Mark PlummerKaren McLeod Anne GuerrySandy Andelman Margaret R. CaldwellMarc Conte Stephen CoppsDavid Fox Rod FujitaSteven D. Gaines Guy GelfenbaumBarry Gold Peter KareivaChoong-ki Kim Kai LeeMichael Papenfus Scott RedmanBrian Silliman Lisa WaingerCrow White 《Marine Policy》2012,36(1):303-306
Policies are arising around the world, most recently in the United States, that mandate the implementation of marine spatial planning as a practical pathway towards ecosystem-based management. In the new United States ocean policy, and several other cases around the globe, ecosystem services are at the core of marine spatial planning, but there is little guidance on how ecosystem services should be measured, making it hard to implement this new approach. A new framework is shown here for practical, rigorous ecosystem service measurement that highlights contributions from both natural and social systems. The novel three-step framework addresses traditional shortcomings of an ecosystem services approach by giving managers and scientists the tools to assess and track: (1) the condition of the ecosystem (supply metrics), (2) the amount of ocean resources actually used or enjoyed by people (service metrics), and (3) people's preference for that level of service (value metrics). This framework will allow real world progress on marine spatial planning to happen quickly, and with a greater chance for success. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2016
The English Channel hosts a high density of human activities, which result in strong pressures and impacts on its marine ecosystem. The European Union's INTERREG programme funds projects to promote sustainable development through ecosystem-based management and the development of socio-economic services in the Channel region. An analysis of the themes studied during INTERREG IVA projects to date reveals both gaps that should be addressed in the future, as well as good practices that should be maintained and promoted. This analysis was used to provide advice and recommendations on knowledge gaps which may form the foundation of future projects for European programmes such as those in the next INTERREG project call (2015–2020). 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2013
Human activities in ocean environments have resulted in significant impacts to ocean health and diminishing returns to society from these ecosystems. In response, there have been increasing calls for implementing ecosystem-based approaches to ocean planning and management. Such approaches require consideration of the complexity of human relationships with ecosystems including their social, cultural, political, and economic dimensions in order to develop and implement management viable strategies. This article reviews progress in spatial research on human activities and social dimensions of ocean environments and explores the promise this research has for enhancing ecosystem-based ocean planning. A global review reveals growth in the number and sophistication of research on social dimensions of oceans, with an increasing focus on new tools and technologies that involve stakeholders in the production, maintenance, and use of data in planning processes. Notably, most research is undertaken in the developed rather than the developing world, pointing to possible discrepancies in the capacity and resources required to engage this research. There is promising, albeit limited, evidence for the successful use of social data and applied research approaches in ecosystem-based ocean planning initiatives. This review shows that spatial research on the human dimensions of the ocean environments has much potential to engender a more comprehensive understanding of these complex seascapes, and to aid in planning processes aimed at achieving sustainable social and ecological outcomes. 相似文献
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Guihua Wang Qinhua Fang Luoping Zhang Weiqi Chen Zhenming Chen Huasheng Hong 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010,86(3):363-368
Hydropower development brings many negative impacts on watershed ecosystems which are not fully integrated into current decision-making largely because in practice few accept the cost and benefit beyond market. In this paper, a framework was proposed to valuate the effects on watershed ecosystem services caused by hydropower development. Watershed ecosystem services were classified into four categories of provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting services; then effects on watershed ecosystem services caused by hydropower development were identified to 21 indicators. Thereafter various evaluation techniques including the market value method, opportunity cost approach, project restoration method, travel cost method, and contingent valuation method were determined and the models were developed to valuate these indicators reflecting specific watershed ecosystem services. This approach was applied to three representative hydropower projects (Daguan, Xizaikou and Tiangong) of Jiulong River Watershed in southeast China. It was concluded that for hydropower development: (1) the value ratio of negative impacts to positive benefits ranges from 64.09% to 91.18%, indicating that the negative impacts of hydropower development should be critically studied during its environmental administration process; (2) the biodiversity loss and water quality degradation (together accounting for 80–94%) are the major negative impacts on watershed ecosystem services; (3) the average environmental cost per unit of electricity is up to 0.206 Yuan/kW h, which is about three quarters of its on-grid power tariff; and (4) the current water resource fee accounts for only about 4% of its negative impacts value, therefore a new compensatory method by paying for ecosystem services is necessary for sustainable hydropower development. These findings provide a clear picture of both positive and negative effects of hydropower development for decision-makers in the monetary term, and also provide a basis for further design of environmental instrument such as payment for watershed ecosystem services. 相似文献
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Transitioning ocean governance into an ecosystem-based approach requires improved knowledge of ecosystems and existing management systems. While there has been increased effort to compile and synthesize ecological data, relatively little scholarship has been focused on improving and understanding ocean management systems. This paper presents a unique dataset that makes objective analyses of ocean management possible across multiple jurisdictions and sectors in the California Current. Following an explanation of the criteria used to compile relevant statutes and regulations, the paper suggests applications for the dataset including education and policy uses and ecosystem-based management tool development to identify and measure problems of fragmented management. 相似文献