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在海洋石油污染中,最为普遍的并对海洋生态系产生直接危害作用的形式是溶解的或分散于水体中的石油烃.Lee和Gardner[1](1978)研究了在受控生态系中几种芳烃的归宿;Wakeham等[2](1983)和Hinga等[3](1980)研究了在海洋小宇宙中几种烃类的风化途径;Makay和Leinonen[4](1975)利用模拟实验研究了水体中烃类的挥发作用;永田进一[5](1983)和倪纯治等[6](1983)分别研究了盐度和温度及油含量等因素对微生物降解石油烃的影响. 相似文献
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海洋沉积物和悬浮物样品基体组成十分复杂,而待测元素在样品中的含量也相差甚远,这给分析工作带来了一定的困难.石墨炉原子吸收法虽然具有灵敏度高,取样量少等优点,但存在着严重基体干扰[1-2].因此很多作者不得不采用费时的分离手段或标准加入法进行测定.本文应用自制简易石墨平台和基体改进技术以及峰面积测量相结合,直接测定了海洋沉积物和悬浮物中的镉、铅、铜.方法有效地消除了普遍石墨炉原子吸收测定法分析镉、铅时所遇到的基体干扰,使标准加入法曲线与标准工作曲线的斜率比接近1.0.方法简便快速,稳定可靠。 相似文献
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采用X射线衍射技术确定西沙石岛海洋碳酸盐岩样品中文石和方解石的含量比例,进一步用原子吸收技术定量地测定样品中的锶含量.测试结果表明,海洋碳酸盐岩样品中的锶含量可以灵敏地反映出次生碳酸盐的含量比例.据本文中的公式可以校正海洋碳酸盐岩样品的~14C年龄,校正后的~14C年代为古气候和海平面变化的研究提供了有价值的资料. 相似文献
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宁波港附着生物生态的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
附着生物广泛分布在海洋、港湾、河口从及江河湖泊和水库中的船底、管道和水中一切设施的表面上.国内外对海洋附着生物的生态已做了不少的调查研究工作[3-7],对淡水附着生物生态研究的报导还不多[2].进行淡水或咸淡水的附着生态研究,对于比较研究海洋附着生物是很有意义的;我国有许多河港,所以更必须调查研究这些港湾的附着生物.自1974年3月至1975年2月,在宁波白沙浮码头分表、底两层挂板.这里离海不远,水位和水质都受到涨落潮水的影响.退潮时基本上是余姚和奉化两河流来的淡水,几乎测不出含氯量有显著增加,常年全年大潮含氯量0.10-11.57g/Kg,小潮0.03-0.55g/Kg.水色混浊,呈土黄色,透明度经常在0.1米以下. 相似文献
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活性磷(正磷酸盐)是海洋浮游植物生长所必需的物质基础[1-8],磷的生物可利用性直接影响全球的初级生产力水平.磷在特定的海洋环境中还可能限制固氮作用,成为限制海洋初级生产力的重要因素[1,3,6].海水中磷酸盐含量的测定也是海洋污染调查的重要指标之一[4,9].农业和工业废水中磷的过度排放导致河口和近岸海水富营养化,引起浮游植物异常繁殖,造成“赤潮”现象[4].因此,海水中磷的准确测定对深入理解生物地球化学过程及海洋环境保护具有重要理论和实际意义[4-6,9].磷钼蓝分光光度法是海水中活性磷的经典测定方法,检测限为324 nmo1/dm3[5],但在一些寡营养盐海域,例如在南海、地中海 相似文献
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渤海、黄海、东海AVHRR海表温度场的季节变化特征 总被引：28，自引：9，他引：28
海表温度场表征了海洋热力、动力过程和海洋与大气相互作用的综合结果.它不仅是研究海面水汽和热量交换的一个重要物理参数,也为海洋环流、水团、海洋锋、上升流和海水混合等海洋学课题的研究提供一种直观的指示量.20世纪60年代以来,我国海洋工作者在历次海上观测和台站资料的基础上,对渤海、黄海、东海表层温度的空间分布和变化进行了较为详细的分析研究[1～4],并绘制了系列的水温气候图集.这些研究成果对认识黄海、东海海域的平均海表温度场的分布、变化以及相关物理海洋现象的研究起到了重要的作用. 相似文献
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《应用海洋学学报》编辑部 《台湾海峡》2013,32(1):2
为顺应国内外海洋科学技术发展形势的需要,促进基础海洋科学、应用海洋科学及海洋高新技术的发展与学术交流,经国家海洋局"国海科字[2012]539号"文和国家新闻出版总署"新出审字[2012]838号"文批准,《台湾海峡》期刊正式更名为《应用海洋学学报》(英文刊名:Journal of Applied Oceanography).《应用海洋学学报》是国家海洋局第三海洋研究所、中国海洋学会、福建省海洋学会主办,中国生态学学会海洋生态专业委员会协办,国家海洋局主管,国内外公开发行的全国性综合性海洋科学学报类期刊(季刊,国内统一刊号:CN 35-1319/P,国际标准刊号:ISSN 2095-4972).《应用海洋学学报》的办刊宗旨是:反映国内外海洋科学各分支学科和交叉学科的最新研究成果,促进海洋可持续开发利用、保护,为国内外基础海洋科学和应用海洋科学研究人员提供学术交流平台.其主要报道国内外海洋科学各分支学科和交叉学科的基础研究与应用研究的最新研究成果,侧重于报道应用海洋科学领域的前沿、热点及其他最新研究成果,以及反映各相关学科前沿最新研究动态的综述等文章.今天,乘着党的十八大"建设海洋强国"号令的春风,《应用海洋学学报》正式出版、发行,与广大读者见面了. 相似文献
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Soil-sized particulates have been collected on board ship by a mesh technique from the lower troposphere of the North, Equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean, northern and southern Indian Ocean, South and East China Sea and various coastal localities.Spectrographic analysis reveals that, on average, the particulates have concentrations of Mn, Ni, Co, Ga, Cr, V, Ba, and Sr which are of the same order of magnitude as those in average crustal material. In contrast, the average concentrations of Pb, Sn, and Zn are one order of magnitude higher than those in average crustal material.Within this “world-wide” average there are significant geographical variations in the distributions of Pb, Sn, and Zn which may be related to anthropogenic sources.On the basis of trace-element distributions lower tropospheric soil-sized marine particulates have been divided into four genetic components; local, zonal, inter-zonal, and global. The proportions of these components vary geographically, and each component may have both a natural and an anthropogenic fraction. 相似文献
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Tautog, Tautoga onitis, is an abundant species of fish in estuaries of the northeastern United States. Planktonic tautog larvae are abundant in summer in these estuaries, but there is little information on rates of growth of tautog larvae feeding on natural assemblages of food in the plankton. We examined abundance and growth of larval tautog and environmental factors during weekly sampling at three sites along a nearshore‐to‐offshore transect in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA during summer 1994. This is the first study of a robust sample size (336 larvae) to estimate growth rates of field‐caught planktonic tautog larvae feeding on natural diets, using the otolith daily‐growth‐increment method. The study was over the entire summer period when tautog larvae were in the plankton. The sampling sites contrasted in several environmental variables including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll a concentration. There was a temporal progression in the abundance of tautog larvae over the summer, in relation to location and temperature. Tautog larvae were first present nearshore, with a pronounced peak in abundance occurring at the nearshore sites during the last 2 weeks in June. Larvae were absent at this time further offshore. From late June through August, larval abundance progressively decreased nearshore, but increased offshore although never approaching the abundance levels observed at the nearshore sites. The distribution and abundance of tautog larvae appeared to be related to a nearshore‐to‐offshore seasonal warming trend and a nearshore decrease in DO. Otoliths from 336 larvae ranging from 2.3 to 7.7 mm standard length had otolith increment counts ranging from 0 to 19 increments. Growth of larval tautog was estimated at 0.23 mm·day?1, and length of larvae prior to first increment formation was estimated at 2.8 mm indicating that first increment formation occurs 3–4 days after hatching at 2.2 mm. Despite spatial and temporal differences in environmental factors, there were no significant differences in growth rates at any of three given sites over time, or between sites. Because larval presence only occurred at a narrow range of temperature (17–23.5 °C) and DO (6.5–9.3 mg·l?1), in situ differences in growth did not appear to be because of differences in larval distribution and abundance patterns relative to these parameters. 相似文献
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Klaus Kremling 《Marine Chemistry》1983,13(2):87-108
In June 1981, dissolved Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, and Mn were determined from two detailed profiles in anoxic Baltic waters (with extra data for Fe and Mn from August 1979). Dramatic changes across the O2H2S interface occur in the abundances of Cu, Co, Fe, and Mn (by factors of ?100). The concentrations of Zn, Cd, and Ni at the redox front decrease by factors between 3 to 5.Equilibrium calculations are presented for varying concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and compared with the field data. The study strongly supports the assumption that the solubility of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Ni is greatly enhanced and controlled by the formation of bisulfide and(or) polysulfide complexes. Differences between predicted and measured concentrations of these elements are mainly evident at lower ΣH2S concentrations.Cobalt proved to be very mobile in anoxic regions, and the results indicate that the concentrations are limited by CoS precipitation. The iron (Fe2+) and manganese (Mn2+) distribution in sulfide-containing waters is controlled by total flux from sediment-water interfaces rather than by equilibrium concentrations of their solid phases (FeS and MnCO3). The concentrations of these metals are therefore expected to increase with prolonged stagnation periods in the basin. 相似文献
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P.N. Froelich L.W. Kaul J.T. Byrd M.O. Andreae K.K. Roe 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(3):239-264
Concentrations of dissolved nutrients (NO3, PO4, Si), germanium species, arsenic species, tin, barium, dimethylsulfide and related parameters were measured along the salinity gradient in Charlotte Harbor. Phosphate enrichment from the phosphate industry on the Peace River promotes a productive diatom bloom near the river mouth where NO3 and Si are completely consumed. Inorganic germanium is completely depleted in this bloom by uptake into biogenic opal. The ratio taken up by diatoms is about 0·7 × 10?6, the same as that provided by the river flux, confirming that siliceous organisms incorporate germanium as an accidental trace replacement for silica. Monomethylgermanium and dimethylgermanium concentrations are undetectable in the Peace River, and increase linearly with increasing salinity to the seawater end of the bay, suggesting that these organogermanium species behave conservatively in estuaries, and are neither produced nor consumed during estuarine biogenic opal formation or dissolution. Inorganic arsenic displays slight removal in the bloom. Monomethylarsenic is produced both in the bloom and in mid-estuary, while dimethylarsenic is conservative in the bloom but produced in mid-estuary. The total production of methylarsenicals within the bay approximately balances the removal of inorganic arsenic, suggesting that most biological arsenic uptake in the estuary is biomethylated and released to the water column. Dimethylsulfide increases with increasing salinity in the estuary and shows evidence of removal, probably both by degassing and by microbial consumption. An input of DMS is observed in the central estuary. The behavior of total dissolvable tin shows no biological activity in the bloom or in mid-estuary, but does display a low-salinity input signal that parallels dissolved organic material, perhaps suggesting an association between tin and DOM. Barium displays dramatic input behavior at mid-salinities, probably due to slow release from clays deposited in the harbor after catastrophic phosphate slime spills into the Peace River. 相似文献
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Linjie Zheng Tomoharu Minami Shotaro Takano Hideki Minami Yoshiki Sohrin 《Journal of Oceanography》2017,73(5):669-685
A central theme of the ongoing GEOTRACES program is to improve the understanding of processes occurring at ocean interfaces with continents, sediments, and ocean crust. In this context, we studied the distributions of Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb around the Juan de Fuca Ridge (JdFR) in total dissolvable (td), dissolved (d), and labile particulate (lp) fractions, which represent a fraction in unfiltered samples, filtered samples through an AcroPak capsule filter, and the difference between td and d, respectively. Al and Fe were dominated by lp-species, while Ni, Zn, and Cd were dominated by d-species with undetectable amounts of lp-species. Major findings in this study are as follows: (1) The continental margin (CM) provided large sources of Al, Mn, Fe, and Co from the surface to ~2000 m in depth. The supply from CM caused high surface concentrations of dMn and dCo, a subsurface (100–300 m depth) maximum of dCo, and intermediate (500–2000 m depth) maxima of lpAl and lpFe. The supply of dFe from CM was ~10 times that from the high-temperature hydrothermal activity at station BD21, which is located at ~3 km from the Middle Valley venting site and ~ 200 km from Vancouver Island. (2) DPb was maximum at the top layer of North Pacific Intermediate Water, probably owing to isopycnal transport of anthropogenic Pb via advection of subducted surface waters. Although dCo and dPb had different sources in the upper water, they showed a strong linearity below 300 m (r 2 = 0.95, n = 38), indicating concurrent scavenging. (3) A high-temperature hydrothermal plume occurred at a depth of 2300 m at BD21, accounting for maxima of dAl, dMn, dFe, lpCu, and lpPb and a minimum of dCu. (4) Strong bottom maxima of lpAl, lpMn, lpFe, lpCo, and lpPb occurred above the abyssal plain at the western foot of the JdFR, indicating resuspension of sediments. However, bottom maxima of d-species were apparent only for dAl and dCu. 相似文献