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海上风电场基础结构设计综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对我国海上风电场开发建设的现状和发展趋势,结合海上风电场基础结构设计研发现状和存在的问题,探讨海上风电场基础结构设计的关键问题——设计理念、设计方法和设计标准等,分析海上风电场基础结构的结构、荷载和服役特点,分析海上风电场基础结构与水工结构和海洋石油平台设计的异同。并根据海上风电和海洋石油的行业特点,分析API规范和DNV规范对于海上风电场基础结构设计的适用性,阐述了海上风电场基础结构设计的特殊性、荷载取值和参考标准等问题。基于我国海洋工程技术发展水平和海上风电产业的发展趋势,提出发展适合我国国情的海上风电场基础结构型式及设计,指出我国海上风电产业发展应注意和避免发生的问题。 相似文献
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海上风电是未来沿海各国海上能源开发的重点。我国海上风电正处于起步阶段,已建和规划中的风电场逐渐增多。国内对海上风电场环境影响研究,尤其是风机噪声对海洋生物的影响研究几近空白。文章总结了近年来国外海上风电场运营过程中水下噪声的基本概况,以及对海洋鱼类（游泳鱼类和底栖鱼类）、哺乳动物和底栖生物影响的研究成果。就我国未来海上风电场建设规划,提出海上风电场运营期风机噪声研究的不足及海洋生物听闽范围研究的缺乏,为我国制定海上风电项目环境影响评价规范提供科学参考,并指出水下噪声对我国海洋生物影响的研究方向。 相似文献
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地方政府和能源部门是海上风电迅速发展的主要推动力,自然资源部门的参与度和话语权相对较低,导致自然资源部门倡导的集约节约用海等原则在海上风电开发过程中难以得到有效落实。文章梳理我国海上风电开发与管理的基本情况,分析自然资源框架下海上风电管理面临的困境及原因,提出完善海上风电管理的对策建议。研究结果表明,海上风电开发现阶段存在着发展规划制定不完善,地方自然资源部门监督职能难以有效发挥,部分项目存在“化整为零”违规审批等问题。上述问题既是地方政府在海上风电开发过程中强势推动政策的负面结果,也与自然资源部门自身职责定位、相关规划和审批依据不健全、监督管理力量不足等因素有关。为有效履行国土空间用途管制的职责,自然资源部门需要发挥国土空间规划体系对海上风电开发的指导作用,借助海洋督察推动地方政府落实海洋自然资源监管责任,并通过及时制定可操作性审批标准、完善监督管理力量等方式,推动海上风电开发能够合理利用海洋空间。 相似文献
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作为新能源发展的前沿领域,海上风电发展迅猛,然而大规模发展海上风电给海洋生态环境带来的潜在影响尚不明确。为评估海上风电场建设与运行对相关海域渔业资源的影响,文章于2021年在桂山海上风电场海域开展渔业资源调查,对比分析风电场内外、风电建设区和运行区以及风电场建设前后的渔业资源群落结构、优势种、物种更替率、资源密度和空间分布特征。研究结果表明：7-9月和12月航次分别捕获游泳动物84种、88种、105种和99种,其中鱼类和甲壳类居多,任意2个航次间的物种更替率变化范围为41.0%~93.4%;12月的Shannon-Wiener指数和丰富度指数均最高,7月的Pielou均匀度指数最高;与风电场建设前相比,风电场建设活动在建设阶段短期内改变渔业群落结构和优势种组成,降低渔业群落多样性和资源密度;风电场运行阶段的渔业资源种类数量和资源密度均有所恢复,风电桩基具有一定的人工鱼礁效应。研究结果将为海上风电场建设和运行对渔业资源的长期影响研究提供基础数据和决策指导。 相似文献
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近年来我国沿海地区海上新能源用海、油气用海、交通运输用海等需求显著提高，对海洋空间资源的刚性需求急剧增加，供需矛盾日益紧张。尤其是海上风电用海，受国家宏观战略影响，呈现跨越式发展，装机容量跃居世界第一。大规模海上风电建设对海洋空间资源配置提出更高的要求，如何既保障海上风电用海需求，又协调海上风电与其他行业的用海矛盾，成为亟待解决的重要问题。树立自然资源集约利用理念能够良好解决上述问题，集约利用理念既是全面提高海洋空间资源利用效率的内在要求以及协调保护与利用显著矛盾的需要，更是协调保护与发展关系的关键。基于此，文章系统分析现有海上风电场外缘边线包络海域面积、确权海域面积等数据，采用集约化的空间资源开发理念，从项目选址与海缆路由、风电场设计与技术要求、用海范围及确权面积控制等方面完善海上风电用海面积控制指标体系，以期提高海上风电项目用海集约水平。 相似文献
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Renewable energy from the ocean 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Growing concern over the threat of global climate change has led to an increased interest in research and development of renewable energy technologies. The ocean provides a vast source of potential energy resources, and as renewable energy technology develops, investment in ocean energy is likely to grow. Research in ocean thermal energy conversion, wave energy, tidal energy, and offshore wind energy has led to promising technologies and in some cases, commercial deployment. These sources have the potential to help alleviate the global climate change threat, but the ocean environment should be protected while these technologies are developed. Renewable energy sources from the ocean may be exploited without harming the marine environment if projects are sited and scaled appropriately and environmental guidelines are followed. 相似文献
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文章基于层次分析法建立了包括3项一级指标和15项二级指标的评价指标体系，采用资料分析为主的评价方法，对珠海、阳江和汕头海域3个海上风电场开展了施工期的海洋环境影响跟踪评价，是该领域的首次实践。评价内容涵盖了对海上风电项目施工期环境管理状况和环保对策措施落实情况的定性分析以及生态环境影响定量评价，得出了综合评价结果，并阐明了存在的问题和对策措施。同时建议探索推行海洋环境影响全过程评价体系，进一步减小工程建设对海洋环境的影响，协同推进经济高质量发展和生态环境高水平保护。 相似文献
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相比陆上油气开发工程和其他海洋工程而言,海洋油气开发工程有其自身的特点,海洋油气开发工程环境影响评价应关注的内容与其他工程有所不同。文章通过分析海洋油气开发工程的特点以及对环境影响的特点,提出海洋油气开发工程环境影响评价要点,即包括施工期悬浮泥沙及钻井液钻屑排放对海洋生态环境的影响、运营期含油生产水排放对海洋生态环境的影响、工程建设对海洋环境敏感目标的影响、溢油事故环境风险分析、污染防治及生态保护措施,并针对目前海洋油气开发工程环境影响评价存在的问题提出改进建议。 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
Offshore wind energy development can have major economic implications because of the potential impact on coastal recreation demand – particularly for countries that are characterised by high offshore wind power potential while also being popular tourist destinations. In this context, the impact of offshore wind farm projects on beach recreation demand in Catalonia (Spain) during the 2012 summer season was examined. A combined revealed and stated preference approach, which allows joint modelling of actual and hypothetical demands, was applied. The results demonstrate a significant welfare loss up to €203 million per season. The results further show that the installation of a wind farm mainly will cause a shift in trips to Catalan beaches without wind farms, which implies that the estimated negative economic impacts will occur mostly in areas where wind farms are located. From a political economy point of view, this may call for the design and implementation of re-distributive instruments to offset the negative impacts caused by wind farms. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2014
Worldwide demand for energy is growing and predicted to increase by up to three times by 2050. Renewable energy will play a vital role in meeting this demand whilst maintaining global climate change targets. Around the British Isles, development of wind farms has entered Round three, with large, high capacity wind parks being planned to enhance energy security and achieve 2020 renewable energy targets. Such developments place additional pressure on existing sea space and may result in conflicts with other marine activities and users. Co-location of certain activities, marine protected areas, aquaculture and commercial fishing in particular, has therefore been proposed as an option to ease demands on space. Using the UK guided by EU and regional policy, as a case study, following the criteria-based planning system, co-location is legally feasible. Crucially, co-location options will depend on site specific characteristics and site management plans. The biology, ecology and hydrology of the site as well as consideration of important commercial and economic factors will be determining factors of success. For marine protected areas compatibility with conservation objectives for the site will be fundamental. Where possible, it is suggested that activities suitable for co-location will develop in tandem with renewable energy projects. The importance of developing joint projects in this manner is particularly true for aquaculture projects to ensure tenure security and commercial viability. Adaptive management will be a basis for evolution of the concept and practice of co-location. Pilot projects and continued monitoring will be essential in shaping the future of co-location of activities. As the Marine Management Organisation continues the development of marine plans for the English inshore and offshore waters, a study into potential solutions for resolving sea use conflicts is timely. This paper therefore provides a concise overview of the current regulation affecting co-location of key marine activities within wind farm zones and provides suggestions on how co-location projects can be adopted and taken forward, using the UK as a case study. 相似文献