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1.
强潮河口盐水入侵对饮用水源地危害极大。基于平面二维水动力盐度模型, 对典型强潮河口—钱塘江的水动力及盐水入侵过程进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明枯水径流时盐度变化与潮位过程曲线类似, 潮差对盐度大小影响显著, 径流量的增加将逐渐减小其相似程度。当流量增加到一定程度后, 继续增加的一定径流量所产生的抑咸效果减弱, 水资源有效利用率降低, 此时允许水源地盐度超标并改从蓄淡避咸水库取水可有效节约水资源。盐度平面分布显示, 盐水入侵在强潮河口弯道处受涨潮流主流线影响明显, 靠近主流线一岸的盐度大于对岸, 单从盐水入侵角度考虑, 强潮河口弯道段的取水口应设置在远离涨潮流主流线一岸。钱塘江河口盐度数值模拟对于研究减轻盐水入侵对水源地危害的措施具有指导意义。 相似文献
2.
长江口北支异常强盐水入侵观测与分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
长江口北支由于径流分流比很小,盐水入侵较强,特别是枯季大潮期盐水甚至倒灌进入南支,影响上海市和江苏省的水源地水质。为了进一步研究北支盐水入侵的规律及影响因素,2014年1月1-9日在北支进行了大小潮同步水文观测。本次观测到了北支异常强盐水入侵:小潮期发生强盐水入侵,且强度大于大潮期。小潮期强盐水入侵导致中下游河段被高浓度盐水控制,盐度从下游B01到中游B02几乎没有变化,且盐度的涨落潮变化几乎消失。分析认为,小潮观测期间长江入河口流量较小、河口潮差不是太小,加上强偏北风,三者的叠加是导致强盐水入侵的主要原因。 相似文献
3.
珠江河口磨刀门水道枯季盐水入侵特性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨磨刀门水道潮流和盐度的三维分布特性,本文建立了磨刀门水道的三维潮流和盐度数值模型,采用2009年枯季磨刀门水道实测潮流和盐度资料对模型参数进行率定和验证。结果显示,枯季由于上游径流量小,磨刀门水道总体涨、落潮流速都不大,表层总体涨潮平均流速都在0.5 m/s以内,总体落潮平均流速在0.8 m/s以内;底层总体涨落潮平均流速都在0.5 m/s以内;从盐度的平面分布来看,磨刀门水道近口门河段总体呈现涨潮时水道东侧盐度高于西侧,落潮时东侧盐度小于西侧的趋势。大潮和中潮期间,落潮时盐水向上游的入侵距离反而较涨潮时更远,主要原因是,落潮时的底层盐水向上游的补偿流动以及地形阻拦形成更为强烈的紊动扩散。潮汐动力弱(小潮)时,整个水道内水流流速很小,流态平缓,紊动较弱,总体仍呈现涨潮时入侵距离大于落潮,显示枯季磨刀门水道盐水入侵的主要影响因素取决于地形和潮动力。 相似文献
4.
基于无结构网格数值模型FVCOM建立了长江口三维盐水输运模型,模型经充分验证后能够合理刻画长江口水动力和盐度输运过程,并成功对2010—2014年多次咸潮倒灌过程进行后报模拟,计算结果与实测吻合较好。以2014-01—02咸潮入侵事件为背景模拟三峡运行后河口规划工程对长江口咸潮入侵和倒灌的影响。结果表明河口规划工程整体上减弱南支咸潮入侵和倒灌,但使口门地区盐度增大,北支下段咸潮上溯稍有增强。规划工程减弱青草沙水库和陈行水库受咸潮入侵的影响,但使东风西沙水库取水口盐度增大,尤其在南支规划工程的作用下盐度最大值和平均值均有所增大,这主要是受扁担沙护滩潜堤的阻流作用影响而使入侵和倒灌的盐水团落潮不畅形成滞留。未来十年随着长江口规划工程的推进、上游水沙条件变异及其引起的地形冲淤变化,需进一步开展系统的咸潮入侵演变和影响研究。 相似文献
5.
河口环流和盐水入侵Ⅱ--径流量和海平面上升的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用本序列上篇论文建立的理想河口数值模式,研究径流量和海平面上升对河口环流和盐水入侵的影响.在径流量增大的情况下,口门内表层向海的流速增大,底层向陆的密度流减弱,滞流点下移.口门外侧向口门的密度流增大,上升流趋于增强.口门内盐水入侵减弱,口外盐度减小、冲淡水扩展范围增大.在口门上游北岸底层盐度下降明显,口门处南岸表层盐度下降明显.径流量变化对盐水入侵影响十分巨大.在海平面上升的情况下,拦门沙区域向陆的密度流增强,滞流点上移,表层向海的流动增大.口门内盐水入侵增强,口外盐度增大,冲淡水扩展范围减小.海平面上升对盐水入侵影响十分明显,北岸底层盐度增大尤为特出. 相似文献
6.
海南岛南渡江河口枯季大小潮的盐度变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
南渡江河口长度较短,河口内驻波发育。河口内盐水入侵近年来呈加剧之势。根据2009年2月大小潮多站同步的周日水流、盐度观测以及2009年11-12月连续38天的表层盐度观测资料,结合EFDC数值模拟结果,分析了南渡江河口枯季大小潮期的盐度与水体分层的时空变化规律。结果表明,枯季时南渡江河口干流自口门向陆,潮流流速递减,盐度减小,水体分层增强。水体分层在落潮时增大,涨潮时减小。大潮期的混合作用强于小潮期。河道内采砂形成的深坑对高盐水起到捕集作用,涨潮时输入的高盐水在落潮时无法向海输出,对南渡江的盐水入侵起到加剧作用。实测资料显示,小潮期的盐水入侵长度要大于大潮期。 相似文献
7.
长江河口下扁担沙水域最长连续不宜取水时间 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
长江河口已建成陈行水库、青草沙水库和东风西沙水库，提供了约80%的上海用水。但随着社会和经济的发展，用水缺口仍然存在。下扁担沙位于南北港分汊口上游，大潮落潮期间滩涂露出。本文利用研究组长期研发和应用的长江河口盐水入侵三维数值模式，计算在1978-1979年特枯径流量条件下该水域的盐水入侵和连续最长不宜取水时间，了解下扁担沙水域能否作为备用水源地。本文采用2017年2月19日到3月1日北支8个站位的观测资料，结果表明表层和底层盐度模拟值和实测值之间相关系数、均方根误差和技术分数的平均值分别为0.85、1.82和0.82，模式计算盐度和实测值吻合良好，能较好地模拟长江河口盐水入侵。模式计算表明，下扁担沙模式输出点最长连续不宜取水时间为13.79 d，盐水入侵在大潮后期和大潮后中潮主要源自上游北支倒灌，小潮后中潮主要源自下游正面入侵，且前者影响比后者大。能取水时段就出现在小潮后中潮，淡水是南支上游南侧随落潮流平流过来的。下扁担沙水域的最长连续不宜取水时间远比青草沙水库和东风西沙水库的短，表明下扁担沙水域淡水资源远比南支上游和下游水域充足，是个极为优越的备用水源地。 相似文献
8.
钱塘江河口沉积作用初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
钱塘江河口是我国典型的山溪性强潮河口,因其河口有涌潮而举世闻名。一般讲,该河口系陆源与海域两种物质来源、径流与潮流两种动力、淡水与盐水两种介质所构成的复杂多变的沉积环境,形成由悬沙和底质组成的河口现代沉积系统。在杭州湾内砂坎中沙粒级(>O.063mm)、粉沙粒级(O.063—O.004mm)与粘土粒级(相似文献
9.
盐场高度分层下的三维斜压数值模拟 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用基于Backhaus的三维斜压模式计算珠江口水动力特性。改进了原模式的盐度差分格式和方程，采用二阶精度差分格式并引入了物理扩散项。改进后盐度差分方程较好地反映珠江口盐度成层现象。本文给出了两个点的水位数值模拟与实测值的对比，给出了包含8个口门珠江口的计算潮流场及盐场，讨论了盐度高度成层条件下珠江河口水动力特性。 相似文献
10.
径流和潮汐对长江口盐水入侵影响数值模拟研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
影响长江口盐水入侵的主要动力要素是上游径流和外海潮汐.利用盐度实测资料验证了平面二维盐度数学模型.结果表明,实测资料和模拟结果相符,在此基础上进行了4种不同水文组合的模拟计算.通过计算结果分析,取得了长江口地区盐水入侵平面分布的基本规律. 相似文献
11.
Investigation of saltwater intrusion and salinity stratification in winter of 2007/2008 in the Zhujiang River Estuary in China 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Saltwater intrusion is a serious environmental problem in the Zhujiang River Estuary(ZRE),which threatens the water supply of fifteen million people.The hydrological observations as well as meteorological and tidal forcing in the winter of 2007/2008 were analyzed to examine the saltwater intrusion in the ZRE.The observational results suggest that the maximum vertical difference of salinity can reach 10 in the Humen Channel during neap tide,but is very small in the Hengmen Channel.The vertically averaged salinity from time series stations during spring tide is higher than that during neap tide.A three-dimensional finite difference model was developed based on the environmental fluid dynamic code(EFDC) to study the mechanism of saltwater intrusion and salinity stratification in the ZRE.By analyzing the salt transport and the temporal variation of saltwater intrusion,the authors found that the net salt transport due to the estuarine circulation during neap tide was more than that during spring tide.This caused salt to advance more into the estuary during neap tide.However,saltwater intrusion was stronger during spring tide than that during neap tide because the spring-neap variation in salt transport was small relative to the total length of the saltwater intrusion.The physical mechanism causing this saltwater intrusion was investigated by a series of sensitivity experiments,in order to examine saltwater intrusion in response to river discharge and winds.The freshwater source was a dominant influencing factor to the saltwater intrusion and controlled salinity structure,vertical stratification and length of the saltwater intrusion.The prevailing northeast monsoon during winter could increase the saltwater intrusion in the ZRE.Though the southwest wind was unfavorable to saltwater intrusion during spring tide,it could increase stratification and saltwater intrusion during neap tide. 相似文献
12.
A 3D,time-dependent,baroclinic,hydrodynamic and salinity model was implemented and applied to the Oujiang River estuarine system in the East China Sea.The model was driven by the forcing of tidal elevations along the open boundaries and freshwater inflows from the Oujiang River.The bottom friction coefficient and vertical eddy viscosity were adjusted to complete model calibration and verification in simulations.It is demonstrated that the model is capable of reproducing observed temporal variability in the water surface elevation and longitudinal velocity,presenting skill coefficient higher than 0.82.This model was then used to investigate the influence of freshwater discharge on residual current and salinity intrusion under different freshwater inflow conditions in the Oujiang River estuary.The model results reveal that the river channel presents a two-layer structure with flood currents near the bottom and ebb currents at the top layer in the region of seawater influenced on north shore under high river flow condition.The river discharge is a major factor affecting the salinity stratification in the estuarine system.The water exchange is mainly driven by the tidal forcing at the estuary mouth,except under high river flow conditions when the freshwater extends its influence from the river’s head to its mouth. 相似文献
13.
Saltwater intrusion has been serious in the Pearl River estuary in recent years. For better understanding and analysis of the saltwater movement to the estuary, the three-dimensional Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM) is made to simulate the salinity intrusion to the four western watercourses in the Pearl River estuary under three semilunar conditions. With the measured and simulated Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and the mean absolute percentage error of water level and salinity at multiple sites, the results show that the numerical water levels, salinity and flow velocities are in agreement with the measured data. It is acceptable and feasible to apply the FVCOM to simulate the salt water intrusion in the western four watercourses of the Pearl River. With the numerical data, the time and spatial movement patterns of saltwater intrusion along the Modao watercourse are analyzed. The salinity contour reaches its peak generally during 3-5 days before the spring tide. The salinity stratification is more obvious in the period of ebb tide than that in the rising tide whether in the spring or neap tides. Salt fluxes reflect changes of salt into the estuary, and the change rules are close to the rules of salinity intrusion. 相似文献
14.
A one-dimensional salt intrusion model is used to investigate the hydrography of the Ythan estuary, a small shallow macrotidal estuary in the north-east of Scotland. The model simulates the longitudinal distributions of water level, salinity and total oxidized nitrogen (TON) in the estuary. The model employs upstream differencing and the Smolarkiewicz anti-diffusion scheme to avoid the numerical difficulties typically encountered when modelling strong tidal flows using centred differences. The physical mechanisms driving the simulations are the tide at the entrance to the estuary and freshwater discharge at the head. The model was calibrated against measurements of water level made at three locations in the estuary, salinity observations made at a central platform and axial salinity distributions. At both spring and neap tides, the full range of salinity observed at the central platform was simulated. However, at the midway stage between springs and neaps, the simulated peak salinity was less than that observed. This was probably due to the sensitivity of the model to the digitisation of the estuarine bathymetry.The model successfully simulated salinity distributions for periods of high and low river flow, and was used to illustrate how TON concentrations fluctuated in response to variations in river flow. The potential implications of variations in the bathymetry of the estuary on salinity and nutrient distributions were predicted to be slight. However, the four fold increase in riverine TON concentrations that has occurred over the past 30 years was shown to increase TON distributions along the entire length of the estuary. The calculated estuary flushing time was strongly dependent on river flow and varied between 11–60 h. 相似文献
15.
Generally one dimensional(1-D) empirical salinity intrusion model is limited to natural alluvial estuary. However,this study attempts to investigate its ability to model a sheltered alluvial estuary of the Terengganu River in Malaysia. The constructed breakwater at the mouth of the river shelters the estuary from direct influence of the open sea. The salinity density along the estuary was collected during the wet and dry seasons for scenarios before and after the constructed breakwater. Moreover, the freshwater discharges, tidal elevations and bathymetry data were also measured as model inputs. A good fit was demonstrated between simulated and observed variables,namely salinity distribution and intrusion length for both scenarios. Thus, the results show that 1-D empirical salinity model can be utilized for sheltered estuarine condition at the Terengganu Estuary, but with an appropriate determination of an initial point. Furthermore, it was observed that the salinity intrusion in the study area is largely dependent on the freshwater discharge rather than tidal elevation fluctuations. The scale of the salinity intrusion length in the study area is proportional to the river discharge of the –1/2 power. It was appeared that the two lines of the 1-D empirical salinity model and discharge power based equation fitted well to each other, with the average predicted minimum freshwater discharge of 150 m3/s is going to be required to maintain acceptable salinity levels during high water slack(HWS) near the water intake station, which is located at 10.63 km from river mouth. 相似文献
16.
A three-dimensional semi-implicit finite volume numerical model has been developed and applied to study tidal circulation and salinity stratification in the region of Oujiang River Estuary, China. The model employs horizontally unstructured grids and boundary-fitted coordinate system in the vertical direction. Governing equations consisting of continuity, momentum, and transport equations are all solved in the integral form of the equations, which provides a better representation of the conservative laws for mass, momentum, and transport in the coastal region with complex geometry and bottom bathymetry. The model performance was firstly quantified with skill assessment statistics on the choice of different parameters and validated with observed tidal elevation, current velocity, direction and salinity data over a spring–neap tidal cycle collected in 2006. Numerical results show that the model with wetting–drying capability successfully simulated the tidal currents and salinity fields with a reasonable accuracy and indicate that the Oujiang River Estuary is a macrotidal estuary with strong tidal mixing. In addition, the model results also show that the Oujiang River Estuary is a well-mixed estuary during spring tide. Then, the numerical simulations were performed to compare the hydrodynamic process and salinity distribution before and after a river training, which was conducted by blocking the south branch of the Oujiang River mouth. The results reveal that with the only north access to the sea, the influence of the blocking project on the flood discharge capacity is limited and the incremental velocity is beneficial to the navigation channel maintenance, although it will cause some scour to the embankment. Furthermore, the redistribution of tidal prism passing in or out the north branch makes a little severe salinity intrusion during high tide or low tide. However, the salinity intrusion is still within acceptable range, although it can cause some adverse effect on water intaking of production and life. The variations of salinity levels in Yueqing Bay situated at the north of the river mouth are not obvious, so the blocking project will not bring damage to local aquiculture. However, significant changes of salinity happen inside or outside of the south branch, so enough attention need to be paid to the changes of environment caused by the salinity variation after the blocking project. Overall, by weighing advantages and disadvantages of the blocking project, it is feasible and the model can be considered as a tool for managing and studying estuarine circulation. 相似文献
17.
近60年来长江河口河势变化及其对水动力和盐水入侵的影响Ⅲ.盐水入侵 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
本文应用本系列论文Ⅱ中建立的长江河口水动力和盐水入侵三维数值模式,模拟长江河口20世纪50年代、70年代和2012年盐水入侵,定量分析不同年代河势下盐水入侵状况和变化程度及其原因。在北支,不同年代盐水入侵的变化是由分流比和潮差共同作用造成的。50年代北支盐水入侵较强,70年代大幅下降,中上段出现淡水,2012年盐水入侵极为严重,整个北支被高盐水占据,上段出现强烈的盐度锋面。50年代和2012年,北支盐水倒灌南支,大潮期间远大于小潮期间,2012年远强于50年代,70年代没有北支盐水倒灌南支现象。在南支,50年代、70年代南支大部分为盐度都小于0.45的淡水,在2012年大潮期间由于出现了强烈的北支盐水倒灌,南支上段出现盐度大于0.45的盐水。在南北港,在50年代盐水入侵最严重;大潮期间,北港净分流比南港大21.6%,北港盐度小于南港盐度,外海盐水主要通过南港入侵,出现南港盐水倒灌进入北港的现象。至70年代,南支主流转向南港,南港净分流比增大,比北港大10.4%,南港盐度明显小于北港盐度;南北港盐水入侵较弱。在2012年,南支主流再次转向北港,北港分流比比南港大10.4%,南港的盐水入侵再次强于北港。小潮期间,50年代由于南港分流比相比于大潮时更小,南港盐水上溯距离更远,上段盐度比更大;至70年代,北港分流比减少,盐水入侵减弱;至2012年,由于大潮时期北支倒灌的盐水在小潮期间到达北港,北港净盐通量比大潮时期大。由于潮动力减弱,小潮期间各年代垂向盐度分层更明显,盐水入侵变化与大潮期间一致。 相似文献
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19.
The variations of current circulation, salt intrusion, and vertical stratification under different river flow and wind conditions in the Pamlico River Estuary (PRE) were investigated in this paper using a three-dimensional numerical model. The model was calibrated and verified against water level variation, temperature, and salinity variations during 2003 and 2001, respectively. Eight sensitivity tests were conducted with different river flow and wind conditions specified in the model. Model results show that salinity intruded further upstream under scenarios with low flow, downriver local wind, and remote-wind-caused water level set-up conditions. In contrast, the responses of salinity stratification to different environmental forcing functions were different in different portions of the estuary. Salinity stratification was enhanced under high flow condition at the lower part of the estuary, under upriver wind near the river mouth, under downriver wind at the upstream to middle portion of the estuary, and under remote-wind-caused water level set-up condition at the majority of the estuary except near the river mouth. Model results also show that across-channel wind tended to reduce salt intrusion and salinity stratification in the PRE through increased vertical mixing. 相似文献