共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
通过投喂添加β-胡萝卜素质量比分别为50,100 mg/kg的实验饲料,饲养中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)60 d,探讨了对中华绒螯蟹卵巢发育及免疫学指标的影响。结果表明,β-胡萝卜素能够明显增加中华绒螯蟹的质量,提高养殖成活率;极显著提高中华绒螯蟹血细胞吞噬百分率(P<0.01);显著或极显著降低血清超氧化物歧化酶活力(P<0.05或P<0.01);极显著增加卵巢中总类胡萝卜素的含量(P<0.01);显著增加肝胰腺中总类胡萝卜素的含量(P<0.05);较明显增加中华绒螯蟹卵巢指数和卵母细胞直径,但对于肝胰腺指数、卵巢和肝胰腺蛋白质影响较小。 相似文献
2.
氨氮对文蛤存活及能量收支的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在实验室条件下,研究了氨氮(NH3-N)对文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)的急性毒性作用以及对其能量收支的影响。实验结果表明:在水温(24.5±0.5)℃,盐度21.5,pH8.00的条件下,文蛤(壳长3.85～4.35cm)死亡率随着氨氮质量浓度、胁迫时间的增加而增加(P0.05)。96 h文蛤死亡率与添加氨氮(NH3-Nt)质量浓度对数的回归方程为Y=2.3787x+0.3246(R2=0.978 9),文蛤对总氨氮(NH3-Nt)或分子氨(NH3-Nm)的安全浓度(SC96h)为9.237 mg/L或0.418 mg/L;随着环境中添加氨氮(NH3-Nt)质量浓度的不断上升(0,0.5,1,2,4,9,18,36 mg/L),文蛤摄食能不断下降,呼吸能和排泄能则呈现出先升高后降低的趋势;当总氨氮(NH3-Nt)在0～2 mg/L(或NH3-Nm≤0.090 mg/L)时,文蛤的生长余力没有显著变化(P﹥0.05);当总氨氮(NH3-Nt)≥4 mg/L(或NH3-Nm≥0.181mg/L)时,文蛤的生长余力显著降低(P0.05)。因此,文蛤养殖环境中的NH3-Nt或NH3-Nm应控制在2mg/L或0.090 mg/L以下水平。 相似文献
3.
在以鱼粉、豆粕、玉米粉和麦麸为主要原料配制而成的每kg基础饲料中分别添加VE0、100、200、400、600mg配制成五种试验饲料,对均重为(37.52±2.19)g的中华绒螯蟹进行为期60天的饲养试验,以酚氧化酶(PO)、抗菌力(Ua)、溶菌酶活性(UL)等指标为依据,探讨VE对中华绒螯蟹非特异性免疫的影响。结果表明,VE对中华绒螯蟹各组织、器官中PO、Ua、UL等活性有显著或极显著的影响(P<0.05或P<0.01),在适宜范围内,随着VE添加量的增加,PO、Ua和UL活性显著增强,从而增强中华绒螯蟹的非特异性免疫力。综上所述,VE作为免疫刺激剂能有效地增强中华绒螯蟹的非特异性免疫能力,增强中华绒螯蟹免疫功能的VE适宜添加量为200—400mg/kg饲料。 相似文献
4.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(8)
为研究在刺参养殖水体中施用不同浓度的过碳酰胺对刺参生长及底质环境的影响。本实验设置了0(空白对照)、0.50、0.75、1.5、3.0和6.0mg/L的6个过碳酰胺浓度梯度;测定了刺参特定生长率和6项底泥理化指标。研究显示:0.75mg/L组刺参特定生长率最高,显著高于对照组(P0.05);0.75 mg/L组氧化还原电位最高,显著高于对照组(P0.05);营养盐方面,NO-3-N含量在0.75mg/L组达到最大值,显著高于对照组(P0.05);NH+4-N、NO-2-N含量均在为0.75mg/L组达到最小值,显著低于对照组(P0.05),6.0mg/L组的NH+4-N和TN含量最高,显著高于对照组(P0.05)。研究结果表明:过碳酰胺可以有效改善刺参养殖池塘底质环境,促进刺参的生长,施用0.75mg/L的过碳酰胺效果最佳。 相似文献
5.
无机氮浓度及其配比对细基江蓠繁枝变型生长及生化组成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在实验室条件下分别研究了NO3--N和NH4 -N浓度及其配比对细基江蓠繁枝变型(Gracilariatenuistipitatavar.liuiZhangetXia)生长及生化组成的影响。结果表明,过低的NO3--N浓度(0,10μmol/L)或过高的NO3--N浓度(60,80μmol/L)、过低的NH4 -N浓度(0,2.5μmol/L)或过高的NH4 -N浓度(10,20,40μmol/L)、过低的NH4 -N/NO3--N比值(1/35,1/7)或过高的NH4 -N/NO3--N比值(3/7,4/7)条件下,江蓠均表现为生长速率明显减慢(P<0.05)、藻体内藻红素(PE)、叶绿素a、蛋白质含量显著降低(P<0.05);而分别在NO3--N20μmol/L、NH4 -N5μmol/L、NH4 -N/NO3--N2/7(TIN20mol/L)的条件下,江蓠可获得最快生长速率和最高的PE、叶绿素a、蛋白质含量以及最低的碳水化合物/蛋白质比值。 相似文献
6.
本文旨在探讨肌肉注射不同浓度的紫锥菊提取物对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)的非特异性免疫功能的影响,试验选取体重(250±20)g的大菱鲆作为试验动物,分别注射10、20、40mg/m L浓度的紫锥菊提取物,试验共进行28d,每隔7d采集血液测试非特异性免疫指标,第28天用迟缓爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)攻毒,连续观察7d,测定其免疫保护率。结果显示肌肉注射紫锥菊提取物对大菱鲆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和溶菌酶活力(LSZ)的影响极显著(P0.01);对吞噬细胞吞噬率(PP)的影响显著(0.01P0.05),对吞噬细胞呼吸爆发活力的影响极显著(P0.01)。攻毒试验表明,紫锥菊提取物能够降低迟缓爱德华氏菌攻毒后鱼的死亡率,提高其免疫保护率,尤其是40mg/m L组。本试验研究表明,紫锥菊提取物能显著的提高大菱鲆的非特异性免疫功能,且以注射浓度40mg/m L的效果最好。 相似文献
7.
采用膜片钳技术解析了中华绒螯蟹血淋巴细胞表达的大电导钙激活钾通道(BKca),研究了中华绒螯蟹BKca对血淋巴细胞吞噬和杀菌作用的影响,并探讨了其机制.结果表明,当Ca2+浓度在0.3-3.0μmol/L范围时,中华绒螯蟹血淋巴细胞表达的钙激活钾通道的开放表现出明显的钙依赖活性;培养液中游离Ca2+的添加显著增强了血淋巴细胞的杀菌能力和呼吸爆发活性,但对其吞噬率和吞噬指数的影响不显著;在6mmol/L[Ca2+]浓度条件下,加入不同浓度的Kca阻断剂四乙胺(Tetraethylammonium,TEA)后,血淋巴细胞的杀菌能力和呼吸爆发活性均显著降低,但其吞噬率和吞噬指数并未受到影响.这提示钙激活钾通道可能通过间接调节细胞内的钙离子浓度而在血淋巴细胞杀菌过程中发挥重要作用. 相似文献
8.
2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸对细基江蓠孢子生长和存活的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以细基江蓠(Gracilaria tenuistipitata)的果孢子和四分孢子为实验材料,用不同浓度的(0,0.1,0.5,1,2,4,6 mg/L)生长激素2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)处理刚刚放散的孢子和附着2d孢子,研究其对果孢子和四分孢子附着和生长及存活的影响。与对照组相比,2,4-D使两种孢子的附着量明显降低;2.0~4.0mg/L的2,4-D可以极显著的促进孢子的生长(P<0.01);0.1~2.0mg/L的2,4-D提高孢子的存活率(P<0.01);6.0mg/L的2,4-D使得孢子的生长和存活率降低。综合以上指标,在细基江篱采孢子育苗时,孢子附着2~3d后用2,4-D处理孢子萌发体,以1.0~2.0mg/L为宜。 相似文献
9.
镉和苯并芘胁迫对文蛤血细胞功能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用流式细胞仪技术,通过检测血细胞的吞噬活力、活性氧产物和死亡率,研究了Cd2+和苯并芘(Bap)胁迫7d对文蛤血细胞功能的影响。结果表明,10μg/L和100μg/LCd2+胁迫会显著降低血细胞的吞噬活力,增加血细胞的死亡率,100μg/LCd2+会显著增加血细胞活性氧产物。5μg/L和50μg/LBap胁迫会显著降低文蛤血细胞的吞噬活力,增加血细胞的死亡率,50μg/LBap会显著增加血细胞活性氧产物。可见,Cd2+和苯并芘胁迫会显著降低文蛤血细胞的功能,导致文蛤免疫力下降,增大文蛤被病害感染的机率。 相似文献
10.
本文研究了凡纳滨对虾在低溶解氧条件下酚氧化酶原系统的激活机制。结果表明:低溶氧(1.5mg/L,3.0mg/L)胁迫对凡纳滨对虾血淋巴中多巴胺含量、血细胞数量、酚氧化酶原激活系统相关酶活力、血淋巴中类α2-巨球蛋白活力影响显著(P<0.05),且各指标表现出明显的时间效应性。在实验时间内,DO为3.0mg/L处理组,总血细胞、小颗粒细胞和透明细胞数量均在12h内降低而后趋于稳定,大颗粒细胞数量在24h内降低后保持稳定,DO为1.5mg/L处理组,总血细胞数量和三类血细胞数量均在24h内降低而后趋于稳定;DO为3.0mg/L和1.5mg/L处理组凡纳滨对虾血淋巴中多巴胺含量分别在24h、12h内呈峰值变化,至12h、6h时达到最大值,在24h、12h后恢复至对照组水平并趋于稳定;血细胞中酚氧化酶原活力分别在12h、6h时显著降低,且均在24h时趋于稳定;丝氨酸蛋白酶活力在6h时均显著降低,在24h时达到最低值,而后趋于稳定,蛋白酶抑制剂活力显著降低,但类α2-巨球蛋白活力48h内呈峰值变化,与对照组比较均显著升高,48h后趋于稳定。实验期内对照组DO为5.5mg/L各指标变化不显著。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
14.
Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
15.
16.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
17.
Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
18.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献
19.
This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35-70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25-40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6-0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1-1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner. 相似文献
20.
Particulate samples were collected from the Changjiang river system during a flood period, in May 1997, and POC, stable isotope and lipids associated with particles were examined. Results showed the decrease (0.84% ～ 1.88%) of organic carbon content from the upper reaches to the estuary.δ13C values of particulate organic carbon was in the range of -24.9×10-3 to -26.6×10-3, which were close to the isotopic signature of continental C3 vegetation. Total particulate n-alkanes concentrations varied from 1.4 to 10.1μg/dm3,or from 23.7 to 107μg/g of total suspended matter. Fatty acids were present in all the samples, from 1.4 to 5.4μg/dm3, with saturated and unsaturated straight-chain and branched compounds in the carbon number range from C12 to C30. Both δ13C and the ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content indicate the predominance of terrestrial inputs (soil organic matter) among the particles. The biomarker approach has been used to identify the relative portion of terrigenous and autochthonous fraction in the particulate samples. The distribution of fatty acids suggests a striking phytoplanktonic and microbial signal in most particle samples. The terrestrial alkanes are used to estimate the contribution of terrestrial inputs along the mainstream. 相似文献