共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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谷胱甘肽系统在清除活性氧和生物保护中发挥重要作用,探讨了南极冰藻胞内谷胱甘肽含量及谷胱甘肽相关酶的活力.采用分光光度法,对24种南极冰藻胞内谷胱甘肽含量、谷胱甘肽合成能力(GPA)、谷胱甘肽还原酶活力等进行测定.测定结果表明,南极蓝藻B-1中谷胱甘肽含量最高;南极衣藻ICE-L和南极硅藻GJ01的谷胱甘肽总产量居前2位;南极冰藻GPA普遍高于常温藻的.南极硅藻GJ01和南极衣藻ICE-L GR活力高于对照组的.培养基的选择表明,f/2培养基适合南极硅藻GJ01的生长,而Provasoli培养基适合南极衣藻ICE-L的生长.可见,南极冰藻成为谷胱甘肽的新来源是有可能的,尤其是南极硅藻GJ01和南极衣藻ICE-L. 相似文献
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南极冰藻极端环境适应性的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
南极冰藻对南极海冰生态系统初级生产力的直接贡献率超过20%,是地球上能够在海冰中旺盛生长的罕见的生物群落.单细胞的南极冰藻,在低温、低光照和高盐度的海冰盐囊中能够生存是其在生理、代谢和遗传上进行了复杂的适应性改变,通过产生特殊的冰活性物质、不饱和脂肪酸、色素蛋白复合物等来适应这种极端环境.同时,尽管南极臭氧层被破坏甚至出现巨大空洞,紫外线辐射显著增强,但对南极冰藻的影响并不明显.南极冰藻中的抗辐射活性物质可能起着重要作用,这些抗辐射物质往往结构新颖且活性强,能消除或减轻紫外线的伤害. 相似文献
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为了研究南极冰藻的热胁迫应答机制，本文根据转录组测序得到的冰藻Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L过氧化氢酶CiCAT基因分析了其编码蛋白的特征，同时研究了CiCAT基因表达和过氧化氢酶活性在培养温度升高时的响应变化情况。结果表明:CiCAT基因序列全长为2 066 bp，编码492个氨基酸。在过氧化氢酶的系统进化树中，南极冰藻与其他绿藻聚类为一个分支。CiCAT编码的蛋白序列与盐藻和红球藻的过氧化氢酶序列相似性较高，分别为80.5%和78.9%。当南极冰藻处于热胁迫条件下，CiCAT基因的相对表达量和过氧化氢酶活均呈现出先上升后下降的趋势，但在胁迫24 h时CiCAT基因的表达量变化不明显，而实验组的酶活显著高于对照组。在胁迫72 h时，基因表达量和酶活均达到最高值。研究初步表明，与在常温藻类和高等植物中的功能相似，在经受热胁迫的情况下，南极冰藻中的抗氧化酶系统也发挥着重要作用。 相似文献
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南极上空臭氧层的破坏导致了紫外辐射日益增强,高强度的UV-B辐射会造成细胞中DNA的损伤,影响蛋白质、脂类和色素的代谢过程。生长在南极的绿藻具有一系列防御机制以应对增强的UV-B辐射,其中类菌胞素氨基酸(Mycosporine-like amino acids, MAAs)是一类重要的紫外防御物质。为探究类菌胞素氨基酸对UV-B辐射的响应,本文以南极冰藻(Chlamydomonassp.ICE-L)、针丝藻(Raphidonema nivale Lagerheim, NIES-2290)和胶球藻(Coccomyxa subellipsoidea E.Acton, NIES-2166)三种生活在南极的绿藻为材料,采用UV-B辐射胁迫(强度0.35 W/m~2,短时处理3 h),并通过液相色谱-质谱联用法检测类菌胞素氨基酸的种类和含量的变化。Mycosporine-glycine为三种南极绿藻中共有的MAAs,在UV-B辐射胁迫下三种南极绿藻中Mycosporine-glycine含量变化不尽相同,表明不同的南极绿藻中MAAs对UV-B辐射的响应各有其特性。首次在绿藻(南极冰藻和胶球藻)中检测到Gadusol。Gadusol作为MAAs的合成前体,它的合成积累使得生活在海冰环境的南极冰藻和胶球藻具有良好的抗UV-B辐射能力。其中南极冰藻抗紫外能力最强,这可能得益于不同MAAs间的动态转化,含量升高的Palythine及Usujirene/Palythene可能对南极冰藻的紫外屏蔽起着至关重要的作用。 相似文献
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南极冰藻是南大洋碳流和能量流的重要组成部分,在该区域的生态系统中发挥着极其重要的作用.低温、低光照和高盐度对类囊体膜光系统的伤害必将影响冰藻对光能的吸收、传递和转换,从而影响冰藻的正常生长繁殖.事实上,冰藻为了能够在这寒冷骤变的环境中生存、繁衍,类囊体膜光系统在生理、代谢和遗传上进行了复杂的适应性改变,冰藻在低光照条件下保持很高的光合效率.因此研究南极冰藻类囊体膜光系统具有重要的理论意义.综述了南极冰藻类囊体膜光系统的研究进展,以期为进一步了解南极冰藻光系统作用机理提供依据. 相似文献
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环境因子对2种南极绿藻脂肪含量和脂肪酸组成的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过气相色谱方法对南极冰藻的脂肪酸进行了分析,发现环境因素对2种绿藻总脂含量有一定的影响：(1)温度对Pymmixtomonas sp,总脂含量影响不大,一般为8．3％～8．9％,Chlorophyceae L-4在2℃时的总脂含量最高为10.33％;(2)光强显著地影响这2种绿藻脂肪在细胞内的积累。随着光强由限制生长的39 lx增加到3900 lx,2种绿藻的脂肪酸含量降低：(3)盐度的提高有利于2种绿藻脂肪的积累;(4)营养盐的限制也利于2种绿藻脂肪的积累。在氮源缺乏条件下,Pyramidomonas sp,和Chlorophyceae L-4细胞内脂肪大量积累,含量分别是以NH4Cl为氮源的2．2和3.2倍。环境因素对2种绿藻脂肪酸组成和含量的影响不同,其脂肪含量的改变反映了南极冰藻生长的改变。环境因子能够影响这2种绿藻的脂肪含量,同样也影响到它们的生长。在适合南极冰藻生长的条件下,脂肪酸积累降低;反之,在南极冰藻生长受到限制的条件下,脂肪合成增加。这表明2种绿藻的脂肪含量随生存环境的变化而变化。环境因子同样影响到2种绿藻的脂肪酸组成,尤其是不饱和脂肪酸的组成和含量,但组成和其生长不存在相关性。环境因子(温度、光强、盐度和营养盐)对2种绿藻脂肪酸的测定结果表明,在2种绿藻中,多不饱和脂肪酸的含量高于单不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸。因此。这2种绿藻可望为多不饱和脂肪酸的开发利用提供藻种资源。 相似文献
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紫外辐射对南极棕囊藻细胞DMSP合成和DMS释放率的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在不同紫外辐射波段下,南极棕囊藻(Phaeocystis antarctica)细胞的生长率、叶绿素a、细胞内DMSP含量和DMS释放量变化的测定结果表明;UV-B对南极棕囊藻细胞生长率和叶绿素a含量有抑制效应,UV-B还可加快DMSP分解成DMS和丙烯酸的分解速率,而UV-A对该藻细胞的DMSP合成有强烈的抑制效应。鉴于在每年春季极地海洋浮游植物繁殖期间,南极棕囊藻在南极海冰带海洋浮游植物种群结构中占有的优势地位,以及该藻是极地海洋浮游植物中DMS的主要释放者,推测南极“臭氧空洞”所增加的紫外辐射可能会对南极海域的DMS释放率产生一定的影响。 相似文献
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冰藻是南北极海冰生物群落中最主要的组成部分,通过固定和输出碳、吸收养分、生产释放氧气和有机化合物,推动高纬度生态系统的生物地球化学循环,在南北极海洋生态系统中发挥着重要作用。从宏观到微观综述了近年来在海冰栖息环境特征、冰藻种类组成和群落结构、冰藻对极端环境的适应机制以及气候变化对海冰环境和冰藻的影响等方面的研究进展,并以黑暗、寒冷和高盐为主要特征重点讨论了冰藻对海冰环境的生理和分子适应机制。提出在气候变化条件下,应进一步研究探索极地海冰环境基线、冰藻生物多样性组成和变化、冰藻代谢生理对环境的应对机制以及海冰生物之间的相互作用,以增进对当前和未来海冰生态系统和生物地球化学循环的理解。 相似文献
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11种微藻脂类和EPA/DHA组成的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了11种微藻在可比较的条件下,其生物量、总脂含量和多不饱和脂肪酸(EPA/DHA)的组成.结果表明:卡德藻(Tetraselmissp.)的生物量最大,细胞干重可达0.140g/(L·d);南极冰藻(Berkeleyarutdans)次之,可达0.0748/(L·d).以叉鞭金藻(Dicrateriainornata)和球等鞭金藻(Isochrysisgalbana)的总酯含量最高,分别占细胞干重的13.1%和12.1%.在绿色巴夫藻(Pavlovaviridis)中,EPA和DHA分别占总脂肪酸(TFA)的25%和6%;小球藻(Chlorellasp.)的EPA含量为28%;南极冰藻的EPA含量为19%. 相似文献
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The Yermak Plateau, bordering the Arctic Ocean and the Norwegian-Greenland Sea, and adjacent to the continental Svalbard Archipelago, is characterized by high heat flow relative to its surrounding region. South of and parallel to the trend of the plateau lies the formerly active-Spitsbergen Shear Zone (De Geer Zone), which is now occupied by the slowly spreading Knipovich and Molloy Ridges. An analysis of these heat flow data suggest that asymmetric spreading within the Norwegian-Greenland Sea propagated northwards along one of the faults associated with the Spitsbergen Shear Zone. The broad zone of faults, once associated with this paleo-shear zone, extends throughout Svalbard as well as on and to the west of the Knipovich Ridge. This network of faults may comprise a complex system of detachment surfaces along which magma may rise from a deep-seated source and across which simple shear extension may develop. Dike injection into the Yermak Plateau, north of the propagating ridge may have been initiated by the thermal response of the highly fractured lithosphere to this propagating asthenospheric front. We suggest that one of these faults, acting as a secondary detachment to the main fault underlying the Knipovich Ridge, may be dissecting the Yermak Plateau. Based on an analysis of the thermal data, simple shear extension may have been taking place along a broad zone of intrusion. This region has undergone and is probably still undergoing thermal rejuvenation. Multiple zones of intrusion may be a common phenomena along newly rifted continental margins especially when they have been substantially faulted prior to rifting. 相似文献
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对中国 4 种经济贝类--泥蚶 Tegillarca granosa、长牡蛎 Crassostrea gigas、缢蛏Sinonovacula constricta 和贻贝 Mytilus galloprovincialis Larmark 的临界热最大值(CTMax)进行了室内热效应模拟研究.结果表明:在夏季自然起始水温为 28.0 ℃时, 泥蚶、长牡蛎、缢蛏和贻贝的 48-h CTMax 分别为 39.3 ℃,38.8 ℃,38.3 ℃和 32.2 ℃.泥蚶、长牡蛎、缢蛏和贻贝的热忍受能力分别为泥蚶＞长牡蛎＞缢蛏＞贻贝. 相似文献
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K. Crane E. Sundvor J. -P. Foucher M. Hobart A. M. Myhre S. LeDouaran 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1988,9(2):165-194
The northern Norwegian-Greenland Sea opened up as the Knipovich Ridge propagated from the south into the ancient continental Spitsbergen Shear Zone. Heat flow data suggest that magma was first intruded at a latitude of 75° N around 60 m.y.b.p. By 40–50 m.y.b.p. oceanic crust was forming at a latitude of 78° N. At 12 m.y.b.p. the Hovgård Transform Fault was deactivated during a northwards propagation of the Knipovich Ridge. Spreading is now in its nascent stages along the Molloy Ridge within the trough of the Spitsbergen Fracture Zone. Spreading rates are slower in the north than the south. For the Knipovich Ridge at 78° N they range from 1.5–2.3 mm yr-1 on the eastern flank to 1.9–3.1 mm yr-1 on the western flank. At a latitude of 75° N spreading rates increase to 4.3–4.9 mm yr-1.Thermal profiles reveal regions of off-axial high heat flow. They are located at ages of 14 m.y. west and 13 m.y. east of the northern Knipovich Ridge, and at 36 m.y. on the eastern flank of the southern Knipovich Ridge. These may correspond to episodes of increased magmatic activity; which may be related to times of rapid north-wards rise axis propagation.The fact that the Norwegian-Greenland Sea is almost void of magnetic anomalies may be caused by the chaotic extrusion of basalts from a spreading center trapped within the confines of an ancient continental shear zone. The oblique impact of the propagating rift with the ancient shear zone may have created an unstable state of stress in the region. If so, extension took place preferentially to the northwest, while compression occurred to the southeast between the opening, leaking shear zone and the Svalbard margin. This caused faster spreading rates to the northwest than to the southeast. 相似文献
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南沙海槽前陆盆地热结构 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩石圈热结构直接影响着岩石的物理性质和流变学性质,从而制约着岩石圈的形成演化。在研究南沙海槽前陆盆地地质构造背景和岩石圈热结构影响参数基础上,文章采用一维稳态热传导方程模拟计算并获得了盆地94N05地震剖面岩石圈热结构。计算表明,盆地区域大地热流平均值约为62mW.m 2;地幔热流值约37—44mW.m 2,对地表热流贡献达60%—70%。南沙海槽前陆盆地处于构造热恢复阶段,地表热流受中中新世挤压构造环境影响相对较低且主要受深部地幔控制,莫霍面温度介于500—600℃,热岩石圈较薄,厚度约60—70km。通过计算岩石圈热结构及居里面深度特征揭示揭示盆地深部岩石圈温度较高以及热活动稳定可能是南沙群岛海域地震发生很少的重要原因。 相似文献
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Catarina Vinagre Luís Narciso Henrique N. Cabral Maria J. Costa Rui Rosa 《Marine Ecology》2014,35(3):292-297
This study compared the mortality and metabolic response of the Senegal seabream, Diplodus bellottii, an African species recently reported in Southern Europe and the white seabream Diplodus sargus, a native species, across a range of temperatures. The temperatures tested were 18, 26, 28 and 30 °C. Mortality was zero at 18 °C and very low at all other temperatures for both species, with the exception of D. bellottii, which experienced 32% mortality at 30 °C. Metabolic rates increased steadily with increasing temperatures, with a steep increase at 30 °C for D. bellottii. Thermal sensitivity ranged between 2 and 3 for both species and for all thermal intervals, with the exception of the thermal sensitivity between 28 and 30 °C for D. bellottii, which was 7. It was concluded that D. bellottii is under thermal stress at 30 °C. Diplodus bellottii may have expanded its distribution northwards due to an increase in sea surface temperatures. However, further warming may result in habitat loss for the juveniles, since Southern European estuarine systems will reach temperatures that may lead to lower fitness in juveniles of this species. 相似文献
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The time evolution of a two-dimensional line thermal-a turbulent flow produced by an initial element with signifi-cant buoyancy released in a large water body, is numerically studied with the two-equation k - e model for turbulence closure. The numerical results show that the thermal is characterized by a vortex pair flow and a kidney shaped concentra-tion structure with double peak maxima; the computed flow details and scalar mixing characteristics can be described by self-similar relations beyond a dimensionless time around 10. There are two regions in the flow field of a line thermal: a mixing region where the concentration of tracer fluid is high and the flow is turbulent and rotational with a pair of vortex eyes, and an ambient region where the concentration is zero and the flow is potential and well-described by a model of doublet with strength very close to those given by early experimental and analytical studies. The added virtual mass coeffi-cient of the thermal motion is found to be approximat 相似文献
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The thermal entanglement in the triangular molecular spin ring with Dzyaloshinskii--Moriya interaction is studied. The concurrences of arbitrary two spins of the triangular molecular spin ring for various cases are evaluated. The tendency of the concurrence with Dzyaloshinskii--Moriya interaction and temperature is analysed and discussed. We note that the concurrence arrives at its maximum in the regime with the large Dzyaloshinskii--Moriya interaction and low temperature, and gradually decreases to zero with the increase of temperature. The concurrence has different features for the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic cases. For completeness, we also numerically calculate the concurrence of spin rings with N>3 spins and analyse their behaviours. 相似文献
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渤海海效应暴雪的三维热力结构特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
杨成芳 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2010,40(2)
采用烟台多普勒天气雷达、天气图等观测资料和中尺度模式(RAMS4.4)进行数值模拟,分析了2008年12月4~6日发生的一次海效应暴雪的时空分布和三维热力结构特征。结果表明:(1)渤海海效应降雪并非传统认为的仅发生在蓬莱以东的山东半岛地区,而是广泛分布于山东半岛、莱州湾、渤海中东部和黄海西部洋面上;降雪源地有暖海面和陆地,即莱州湾、渤海中部至渤海海峡和山东半岛。(2)浅层对流是海效应降雪的重要热力特征,当强冷空气流经渤海时,暖海面通过湍流交换等作用向冷空气底层输送感热和潜热,使得低层增温增湿,产生对流层中上层干冷低层暖湿的对流性不稳定。(3)冷空气的强弱影响渤海暖海面及山东半岛地区的垂直热力结构,导致降雪强度在不同时段存在显著差异。海气温差与热通量成正比,初期冷空气弱,对流层中低层的垂直温差小,海面上空的暖湿层浅薄,不稳定能量弱,产生的降雪量小;中后期冷空气强盛,对流层中低层的垂直温差大,暖湿层较为深厚,不稳定能量增强,导致降雪强度和降雪量大。(4)与单一要素温度和湿度相比,对流层低层相当位温的水平分布对强降雪落区具有更好的指示意义,强降雪发生在高相当位温脊线附近。 相似文献